Este trabajo muestra los resultados de los análisis de los efectos que ejercen las variables estratificacionales y personales sobre un conjunto de variables léxicas obtenidas a partir de un muestreo basado en pruebas de disponibilidad léxica. Apoyados en una herramienta semiautomática de análisis léxico (Annotate), se construyen tres medidas que constituyen las variables dependientes: Índice de Amplitud Léxica (IAL, número de palabras aportadas por cada informante en sus listas), Índice de Descentralización Léxica (IDL, capacidad léxica individual) e Índice de Vocablos Especializados (IVE, número de tecnicismos contenido en las listas). Los resultados son esperanzadores: aunque las correlaciones más fuertes se observan con las variables de hablante tradicionales (educación, profesión y clase social, esencialmente), otras variables capaces de medir el acceso a vías de información tras el período escolar demuestran que la desigualdad educacional no determina fatalmente las opciones de ampliación del vocabulario ni el empleo de vocablos especializados.
{"title":"En los orígenes del estudio de la variación lingüística","authors":"A. Ávila-Muñoz","doi":"10.1075/sic.20016.avi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20016.avi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Este trabajo muestra los resultados de los análisis de los efectos que ejercen las variables estratificacionales y\u0000 personales sobre un conjunto de variables léxicas obtenidas a partir de un muestreo basado en pruebas de disponibilidad léxica.\u0000 Apoyados en una herramienta semiautomática de análisis léxico (Annotate), se construyen tres medidas que\u0000 constituyen las variables dependientes: Índice de Amplitud Léxica (IAL, número de palabras aportadas por cada informante en sus\u0000 listas), Índice de Descentralización Léxica (IDL, capacidad léxica individual) e Índice de Vocablos Especializados (IVE, número de\u0000 tecnicismos contenido en las listas). Los resultados son esperanzadores: aunque las correlaciones más fuertes se observan con las\u0000 variables de hablante tradicionales (educación, profesión y clase social, esencialmente), otras variables capaces de medir el\u0000 acceso a vías de información tras el período escolar demuestran que la desigualdad educacional no determina fatalmente las\u0000 opciones de ampliación del vocabulario ni el empleo de vocablos especializados.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Este trabajo analiza los rasgos prosódicos de construcciones independientes introducidas por a ver si a partir de muestras orales procedentes de dos corpus de español coloquial peninsular: el corpus Val.Es.Co. (Briz Gómez 2002; Cabedo y Pons 2013) y el corpus COLA de Madrid (Jorgensen 2007). Tras señalar las limitaciones del tratamiento de a ver si como partícula discursiva, se propone un análisis basado en la Gramática de Construcciones, que reconoce tres construcciones modales introducidas por a ver si: comprobativa, desiderativa y contraexpectativa. El análisis prosódico muestra diferencias acústicas entre las construcciones, tanto en términos de su configuración melódica como de la duración silábica. Estos resultados apoyan un acercamiento construccional que reconoce la prosodia como uno de los componentes de las construcciones gramaticales.
{"title":"Polifuncionalidad y prosodia","authors":"Pedro Gras, Andrés Cabedo","doi":"10.1075/sic.20004.gra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20004.gra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Este trabajo analiza los rasgos prosódicos de construcciones independientes introducidas por a ver\u0000 si a partir de muestras orales procedentes de dos corpus de español coloquial peninsular: el corpus Val.Es.Co. (Briz Gómez 2002; Cabedo y Pons 2013) y el\u0000 corpus COLA de Madrid (Jorgensen 2007). Tras señalar las limitaciones del tratamiento\u0000 de a ver si como partícula discursiva, se propone un análisis basado en la Gramática de Construcciones, que\u0000 reconoce tres construcciones modales introducidas por a ver si: comprobativa, desiderativa y contraexpectativa.\u0000 El análisis prosódico muestra diferencias acústicas entre las construcciones, tanto en términos de su configuración melódica como\u0000 de la duración silábica. Estos resultados apoyan un acercamiento construccional que reconoce la prosodia como uno de los\u0000 componentes de las construcciones gramaticales.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48651933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crítica de Sánchez Jiménez, Martín Rogero & Servén Díez (2018): Complementos para la formación en lengua y literatura","authors":"Liliana Tozzi","doi":"10.1075/sic.00076.toz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00076.toz","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47854290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many dialects of Spanish, a word such as aceptar /aseptáɾ/ ‘to accept’ may be variably produced as [asektáɾ]. Previous research has shown that velarization patterns are the result of speakers’ sensitivity to phonotactic distributions (Brown 2006; Bongiovanni 2022). This study examines a different result of pattern generalization: hypercorrection. The production of bilabial word-internal coda stops was analyzed in a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews from Mérida, Venezuela. Variation between retained, deleted and velarized variants ([aseptáɾ], [asetáɾ] and [asektáɾ]) is constrained primarily by age and education. While velarization was the preferred variant among older speakers regardless of their educational attainment status, for the younger cohort it was speakers in the lower educational attainment group who favored it. These linguistic patterns reflect known societal changes regarding access to education in Venezuela (and therefore, contact with the standard variety) and show that under the pressure of a prescriptive rule, speakers default to a non-normative generalized pattern.
{"title":"A case for velarization of Spanish word-internal coda stops as hypercorrection","authors":"Silvina Bongiovanni","doi":"10.1075/sic.19030.bon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.19030.bon","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In many dialects of Spanish, a word such as aceptar /aseptáɾ/ ‘to accept’ may be variably produced as [asektáɾ]. Previous research has shown that velarization patterns are the result of speakers’ sensitivity to phonotactic distributions (Brown 2006; Bongiovanni 2022). This study examines a different result of pattern generalization: hypercorrection. The production of bilabial word-internal coda stops was analyzed in a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews from Mérida, Venezuela. Variation between retained, deleted and velarized variants ([aseptáɾ], [asetáɾ] and [asektáɾ]) is constrained primarily by age and education. While velarization was the preferred variant among older speakers regardless of their educational attainment status, for the younger cohort it was speakers in the lower educational attainment group who favored it. These linguistic patterns reflect known societal changes regarding access to education in Venezuela (and therefore, contact with the standard variety) and show that under the pressure of a prescriptive rule, speakers default to a non-normative generalized pattern.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41362175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research carried out over the past few years in several Andalusian cities has revealed the processes of convergence towards conservative realisations that are occurring among the allophones of the phoneme /θs/. This time, using the Seville PRESEEA corpus, we have analysed the frequency of the seseante and dento-interdental pronunciation patterns that coexist in this city, and we have correlated them with linguistic, social, and individual parameters. Our data showed that this variation process was mainly influenced by closeness of [s] and [θ] in the immediate phonetic context, and by the educational attainment level, the age, and the sex of the respondents. The analysis per surveyed subjects indicated that most of them combined both variants.
{"title":"Convergence patterns in the city of Seville","authors":"Juana Santana Marrero","doi":"10.1075/sic.20003.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20003.san","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Research carried out over the past few years in several Andalusian cities has revealed the processes of convergence towards conservative realisations that are occurring among the allophones of the phoneme /θs/. This time, using the Seville PRESEEA corpus, we have analysed the frequency of the seseante and dento-interdental pronunciation patterns that coexist in this city, and we have correlated them with linguistic, social, and individual parameters. Our data showed that this variation process was mainly influenced by closeness of [s] and [θ] in the immediate phonetic context, and by the educational attainment level, the age, and the sex of the respondents. The analysis per surveyed subjects indicated that most of them combined both variants.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41345208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers a characterization of the biased polar interrogative with ¿a poco (no)?, frequent in Mexican Spanish. This characterization is based on the system proposed by Sudo (2013) and shows that Sudo’s two notions of epistemic bias and evidential bias are necessary and sufficient to characterize the conventional non-propositional meaning associated with the three kinds of a poco questions in Mexican Spanish: the a poco positive polarity question codes a negative epistemic bias and a [+positive] or [+negative] evidential bias; the a poco negative polarity question with inside negation codes a positive epistemic bias and a [+negative] evidential bias; and the a poco negative polarity question with outside negation codes a positive epistemic bias and a [−negative] evidential bias. Lastly, the article discusses to what extent these characterizations are also compatible with the interactional uses of the short questions ¿a poco? and ¿a poco no?
{"title":"¿A poco así dices? Biased interrogatives with ¿A poco (no)…? in Mexican Spanish","authors":"Asela Reig Alamillo","doi":"10.1075/sic.19032.ala","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.19032.ala","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article offers a characterization of the biased polar interrogative with ¿a poco (no)?, frequent in Mexican Spanish. This characterization is based on the system proposed by Sudo (2013) and shows that Sudo’s two notions of epistemic bias and evidential bias are necessary and sufficient to characterize the conventional non-propositional meaning associated with the three kinds of a poco questions in Mexican Spanish: the a poco positive polarity question codes a negative epistemic bias and a [+positive] or [+negative] evidential bias; the a poco negative polarity question with inside negation codes a positive epistemic bias and a [+negative] evidential bias; and the a poco negative polarity question with outside negation codes a positive epistemic bias and a [−negative] evidential bias. Lastly, the article discusses to what extent these characterizations are also compatible with the interactional uses of the short questions ¿a poco? and ¿a poco no?\u0000","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuestra habilidad para entender las emociones de los demás en el habla es clave para conseguir una interacción social exitosa. Estudios procedentes de varias disciplinas apuntan que la prosodia es un elemento fundamental para que este éxito se produzca. Partiendo de la premisa de que la emoción es principalmente una reacción o respuesta a un estímulo previo, en este trabajo hemos analizado si es posible establecer una relación entre el enunciado que provoca la reacción emocional (detonador) y la respuesta emocional propiamente dicha, observando el comportamiento de las magnitudes acústicas (F0, dB y VEL) en el marco de la conversación coloquial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis: (a) la reacción sintagmática, entendida como la reacción a lo anterior (sea a la intervención de un hablante previo o sea a la parte no emocional de la intervención de un mismo hablante); y (b) la reacción paradigmática, esto es, qué sucede con los parámetros acústicos mencionados si son cotejados con el registro medio del hablante (F0, dB, VEL). Los resultados del análisis acústico-estadístico señalan que hay regularidad y direccionalidad manifiestas en el comportamiento de la F0 en las relaciones sintagmáticas. Esta regularidad, sin embargo, no es extrapolable a las otras dos magnitudes, ni a las reacciones paradigmáticas.
{"title":"La voz como reacción emocional","authors":"Xose A. Padilla","doi":"10.1075/sic.20029.pad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20029.pad","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nuestra habilidad para entender las emociones de los demás en el habla es clave para conseguir una interacción\u0000 social exitosa. Estudios procedentes de varias disciplinas apuntan que la prosodia es un elemento fundamental para que este éxito\u0000 se produzca. Partiendo de la premisa de que la emoción es principalmente una reacción o respuesta a un estímulo previo, en este\u0000 trabajo hemos analizado si es posible establecer una relación entre el enunciado que provoca la reacción emocional (detonador) y\u0000 la respuesta emocional propiamente dicha, observando el comportamiento de las magnitudes acústicas (F0, dB y VEL) en el marco de\u0000 la conversación coloquial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis: (a) la reacción sintagmática, entendida como la\u0000 reacción a lo anterior (sea a la intervención de un hablante previo o sea a la parte no emocional de la intervención de un mismo\u0000 hablante); y (b) la reacción paradigmática, esto es, qué sucede con los parámetros acústicos mencionados si son cotejados con el\u0000 registro medio del hablante (F0, dB, VEL). Los resultados del análisis acústico-estadístico señalan que hay regularidad y\u0000 direccionalidad manifiestas en el comportamiento de la F0 en las relaciones sintagmáticas. Esta regularidad, sin embargo, no es\u0000 extrapolable a las otras dos magnitudes, ni a las reacciones paradigmáticas.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47763054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine language choice, language alternation and code-switching practices in Instant Messaging (IM). Specifically, this article presents the results from an analysis of the written conversations of a specific community formed by Valencian adults fluent in English. Taking a computer-mediated, discourse-centred ethnographic approach to online discourse, the study has shown that, in this specific trilingual online community of language teachers, language choice and the choice of a specific written variety is intimately related to audience. The group members mix Catalan, English and Spanish regularly, their language choice and code-switching strategies serving to establish in-group solidarity, familiarity and lessen face-threatening acts. Switches to English, sometimes followed by a switch to Catalan, are usually employed for humorous word play. Interestingly, the case study exemplifies how the use of a certain language may be highly correlated to ideological and political considerations.
{"title":"Mixing Catalan, English and Spanish on WhatsApp","authors":"Carmen Pérez-Sabater","doi":"10.1075/sic.19033.per","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.19033.per","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this study is to examine language choice, language alternation and code-switching practices in\u0000 Instant Messaging (IM). Specifically, this article presents the results from an analysis of the written conversations of a\u0000 specific community formed by Valencian adults fluent in English. Taking a computer-mediated, discourse-centred ethnographic\u0000 approach to online discourse, the study has shown that, in this specific trilingual online community of language teachers,\u0000 language choice and the choice of a specific written variety is intimately related to audience. The group members mix Catalan,\u0000 English and Spanish regularly, their language choice and code-switching strategies serving to establish in-group solidarity,\u0000 familiarity and lessen face-threatening acts. Switches to English, sometimes followed by a switch to Catalan, are usually employed\u0000 for humorous word play. Interestingly, the case study exemplifies how the use of a certain language may be highly correlated to\u0000 ideological and political considerations.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates how Chinese learners of Spanish, who have a T/V distinction in their first language (L1), use the T/V address forms in Spanish as a second language (L2). Findings show that the learners rely mainly on their L1 pragmatic knowledge to employ the T/V in the L2. Despite having relatively good grammatical control of T/V, the learners produced frequent T/V alternation due to negative pragmatic transfer. In Chinese using V normally conveys speaker’s perception of a high-power differential and in relationships that are borderline T or V usage, shifting from T to V can convey deference and tends to co-occur with face-threatening or face-enhancing acts. The learners transferred from Chinese their tendency to use V to express deference and overutilized this politeness strategy in Spanish regardless of their relationship with the addressee. This problematic usage may generate negative social consequences and calls for pedagogical intervention.
{"title":"Politeness and pragmatic transfer in L2 pronominal address usage","authors":"Yixin Wang","doi":"10.1075/sic.19018.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.19018.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates how Chinese learners of Spanish, who have a T/V distinction in their first language (L1),\u0000 use the T/V address forms in Spanish as a second language (L2). Findings show that the learners rely mainly on their L1 pragmatic\u0000 knowledge to employ the T/V in the L2. Despite having relatively good grammatical control of T/V, the learners produced frequent\u0000 T/V alternation due to negative pragmatic transfer. In Chinese using V normally conveys speaker’s perception of a high-power\u0000 differential and in relationships that are borderline T or V usage, shifting from T to V can convey deference and tends to\u0000 co-occur with face-threatening or face-enhancing acts. The learners transferred from Chinese their tendency to use V to express\u0000 deference and overutilized this politeness strategy in Spanish regardless of their relationship with the addressee. This\u0000 problematic usage may generate negative social consequences and calls for pedagogical intervention.","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46548751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En este trabajo se estudia la variable realización de la -d en el final de palabra en la variedad de Ciudad Real. Como una variedad transicional que se encuentra a medio camino entre las variedades fonéticamente innovadoras del sur y las conservadoras del norte, la modalidad de Ciudad Real muestra características de ambas: con respecto a la variable en cuestión es la más avanzada de las variedades castellanas, aunque no alcanza la categoricidad de la elisión de las hablas andaluzas. El proceso de la pérdida de la -d final de palabra en Ciudad Real parece haber sido frenado en su fase final debido a las presiones desde arriba y la situación se ha complicado adicionalmente con la aparición de la variante septentrional [θ], que se ha impuesto al alófono canónico [ð̞]. Aunque el contexto fónico siguiente es el predictor lingüístico más importante para la realización de -d final de palabra, es asimismo muy llamativa la influencia del factor unidad léxica
{"title":"¿Usté en Ciudá Real dice Madriz?","authors":"Marko Kapović","doi":"10.1075/sic.20008.kap","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.20008.kap","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 En este trabajo se estudia la variable realización de la -d en el final de palabra en la variedad de\u0000 Ciudad Real. Como una variedad transicional que se encuentra a medio camino entre las variedades fonéticamente innovadoras del sur y las\u0000 conservadoras del norte, la modalidad de Ciudad Real muestra características de ambas: con respecto a la variable en cuestión es la más\u0000 avanzada de las variedades castellanas, aunque no alcanza la categoricidad de la elisión de las hablas andaluzas. El proceso de la pérdida\u0000 de la -d final de palabra en Ciudad Real parece haber sido frenado en su fase final debido a las presiones desde arriba y\u0000 la situación se ha complicado adicionalmente con la aparición de la variante septentrional [θ], que se ha impuesto al alófono canónico [ð̞].\u0000 Aunque el contexto fónico siguiente es el predictor lingüístico más importante para la realización de -d\u0000 final de palabra, es asimismo muy llamativa la influencia del factor unidad léxica\u0000","PeriodicalId":44431,"journal":{"name":"Spanish in Context","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41355864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：