Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2020.27(1-2)5
J. Kozak, E. Jachniak
{"title":"The variability of the atmospheric precipitation in the region of Wielka Laka dam reservoir","authors":"J. Kozak, E. Jachniak","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2020.27(1-2)5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2020.27(1-2)5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68907055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2019.26(1-2)5
R. Górski, H. Dorna, Agnieszka Rosińska, D. Szopińska, Filip Dawidziak, S. Wosiński
The aim of this paper was to establish whether electromagnetic fields (EMF) with a super low frequency (SLF) have a negative effect on onion seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: „E” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, „EM” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and „M” – sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 C in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a agar plate method. Exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not affect Gmax. Treated seeds were characterized with significantly lower germination capacity and higher percentage of deformed abnormal seedlings than untreated seeds. Electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of electrical component (E), and electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of magnetic component (M) also significantly decreased the germination energy. The effect of electromagnetic fields on the speed of germination was ambiguous. Seeds treated with the electromagnetic field with predominance of magnetic component (M), and electromagnetic field without domination of its components (EM) germinated significantly less uniformly than control. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not influence the incidence of fungi.
{"title":"Effects of electromagnetic fields on the quality of onion (Allium cepa l.) seeds","authors":"R. Górski, H. Dorna, Agnieszka Rosińska, D. Szopińska, Filip Dawidziak, S. Wosiński","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2019.26(1-2)5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2019.26(1-2)5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to establish whether electromagnetic fields (EMF) with a super low frequency (SLF) have a negative effect on onion seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: „E” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, „EM” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and „M” – sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 C in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a agar plate method. Exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not affect Gmax. Treated seeds were characterized with significantly lower germination capacity and higher percentage of deformed abnormal seedlings than untreated seeds. Electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of electrical component (E), and electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of magnetic component (M) also significantly decreased the germination energy. The effect of electromagnetic fields on the speed of germination was ambiguous. Seeds treated with the electromagnetic field with predominance of magnetic component (M), and electromagnetic field without domination of its components (EM) germinated significantly less uniformly than control. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not influence the incidence of fungi.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)23
Jadwiga Farbiszewska-Kiczma, J. Makuchowska-Fryc
The paper presents the results of preliminary research conducted by the acid bioleaching method, with the use of autochthonous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and museum strains of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, on recovery of metals contained in selected metallurgical waste. The material contained mainly oxidative minerals Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3 as well as lead, zinc, copper and nickel sulphides. Concentrations of the key metals were respectively: zinc 3.46 %, lead 13.8 %, copper 0.4 %, nickel 0.06 %. The works were carried out on a small laboratory scale. The results confirmed that the method is effective. The most effective process of bacterial leaching in the heap was for zinc – a 28 % yield in 96 days.
{"title":"Utilization of steelwork waste heaps – recovery of metals by acidic bioleaching","authors":"Jadwiga Farbiszewska-Kiczma, J. Makuchowska-Fryc","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)23","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of preliminary research conducted by the acid bioleaching method, with the use of autochthonous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and museum strains of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, on recovery of metals contained in selected metallurgical waste. The material contained mainly oxidative minerals Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3 as well as lead, zinc, copper and nickel sulphides. Concentrations of the key metals were respectively: zinc 3.46 %, lead 13.8 %, copper 0.4 %, nickel 0.06 %. The works were carried out on a small laboratory scale. The results confirmed that the method is effective. The most effective process of bacterial leaching in the heap was for zinc – a 28 % yield in 96 days.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)12
M. Widomski, A. Musz-Pomorska, W. Stepniewski, R. Horn
: This paper contains the results of numerical simulation of benzene migration, pollutant typical for landfill leachate, through the bottom compacted clay liner of municipal waste landfill. The FEFLOW, DHI software was used in the numerical calculations for four tested clays of various plasticity, compacted according to PN-B-04481:1988 and ASTM D698-12e2 and subjected to three cycles of drying and rewetting. The plasticity of the tested clay materials was determined by standard methods and classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System, ASTM D2487-11. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the tested compacted clays was determined by the laboratory falling head permeameters for compacted soils, with agreement to ASTM D5856-95. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the tested substrates after three cycles of shrinkage and swelling was measured by the falling and constant head laboratory permeameter. The sand box and pressure chambers with ceramic plates were used to determine the water retention curve parameters in the range of 0–15 bar. The obtained results showed the influence of cyclic shrinkage and swelling of clays on leachate seepage, triggering benzene migration, through the cracked compacted bottom liner.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of benzene seepage through cracked compacted mineral liner of municipal waste landfill","authors":"M. Widomski, A. Musz-Pomorska, W. Stepniewski, R. Horn","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)12","url":null,"abstract":": This paper contains the results of numerical simulation of benzene migration, pollutant typical for landfill leachate, through the bottom compacted clay liner of municipal waste landfill. The FEFLOW, DHI software was used in the numerical calculations for four tested clays of various plasticity, compacted according to PN-B-04481:1988 and ASTM D698-12e2 and subjected to three cycles of drying and rewetting. The plasticity of the tested clay materials was determined by standard methods and classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System, ASTM D2487-11. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the tested compacted clays was determined by the laboratory falling head permeameters for compacted soils, with agreement to ASTM D5856-95. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the tested substrates after three cycles of shrinkage and swelling was measured by the falling and constant head laboratory permeameter. The sand box and pressure chambers with ceramic plates were used to determine the water retention curve parameters in the range of 0–15 bar. The obtained results showed the influence of cyclic shrinkage and swelling of clays on leachate seepage, triggering benzene migration, through the cracked compacted bottom liner.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)2
Łukasz Gruss, M. Wiatkowski
{"title":"Rainfall models in small catchments in the context of hydrologic and hydraulic assessment of watercourses","authors":"Łukasz Gruss, M. Wiatkowski","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)11
B. Piechowicz, P. Grodzicki, Paulina Ząbkiewicz, Aleksandra Sobczyk, A. Dąbrowska, Iwona Piechowicz, M. Pieniążek, M. Balawejder, L. Zarȩba
The study on the smell preference to for six beer brands in invasive slug Arion vulgaris was carried out under field and laboratory conditions. The effect of beer smell on CO2 emission was also estimated. Additionally, chromatographic determination (GC-MS) of volatile fraction of the tested beer brands was carried out. Chemical compounds responsible for the attractiveness of beer brands for the slugs were determined using statistical methods. The correlation analysis between the results of performed tests was made. It was shown that components of beer volatile fraction, such as: t-muurolol, aristolene epoxide, decanoic acid, 9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid 2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl ester, t-cadinol and oleic acid have a positive effect, and -elemene and bicyclo[4,1,0]heptane,3,7,7 trimethyl have a negative effect on the attractiveness of beer smell for slugs. Respirometry tests showed an increase in CO2 emission in slugs exposed to the smell of beer, however, it appeared impossible to indicate unambiguously which chemical compound could be responsible for the observed change in their physiological parameters. The increase in CO2 emission by slugs A. vulgaris exposed to the smell of beer did not correlate with the results of their smell DOI: 10.2428/ecea.2018.25(1)11 ECOL CHEM ENG A. 2018;25(2):133-151 1 The Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland. 2 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology an Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruñ, Poland. 3 Department of Soil Science Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Æwikliñskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. 4 The Chair of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Æwikliñskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. 5 Department of Differential Equations and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland. * Corresponding author: bpiechow@poczta.onet.pl preference in the field and laboratory tests. On the other hand, only the results of the laboratory tests performed on 6 individuals well correlated with the results obtained during the preference field tests, which indicate, that estimation the slugs’ preference may be limited to the laboratory tests.
{"title":"Components of the smell of beer as enticing factor for invasive slugs Arion lusitanicus non-mabille","authors":"B. Piechowicz, P. Grodzicki, Paulina Ząbkiewicz, Aleksandra Sobczyk, A. Dąbrowska, Iwona Piechowicz, M. Pieniążek, M. Balawejder, L. Zarȩba","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)11","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the smell preference to for six beer brands in invasive slug Arion vulgaris was carried out under field and laboratory conditions. The effect of beer smell on CO2 emission was also estimated. Additionally, chromatographic determination (GC-MS) of volatile fraction of the tested beer brands was carried out. Chemical compounds responsible for the attractiveness of beer brands for the slugs were determined using statistical methods. The correlation analysis between the results of performed tests was made. It was shown that components of beer volatile fraction, such as: t-muurolol, aristolene epoxide, decanoic acid, 9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid 2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl ester, t-cadinol and oleic acid have a positive effect, and -elemene and bicyclo[4,1,0]heptane,3,7,7 trimethyl have a negative effect on the attractiveness of beer smell for slugs. Respirometry tests showed an increase in CO2 emission in slugs exposed to the smell of beer, however, it appeared impossible to indicate unambiguously which chemical compound could be responsible for the observed change in their physiological parameters. The increase in CO2 emission by slugs A. vulgaris exposed to the smell of beer did not correlate with the results of their smell DOI: 10.2428/ecea.2018.25(1)11 ECOL CHEM ENG A. 2018;25(2):133-151 1 The Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland. 2 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology an Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruñ, Poland. 3 Department of Soil Science Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Æwikliñskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. 4 The Chair of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Æwikliñskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. 5 Department of Differential Equations and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland. * Corresponding author: bpiechow@poczta.onet.pl preference in the field and laboratory tests. On the other hand, only the results of the laboratory tests performed on 6 individuals well correlated with the results obtained during the preference field tests, which indicate, that estimation the slugs’ preference may be limited to the laboratory tests.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)7
A. Krzepiłko, B. Kościk, J. Stachowicz, A. Święciło, R. Prażak, M. Skowrońska, I. Jackowska
Plant biofortified with iodine may be an alternative source of this element in human diet. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of fertilization on quality of green plant biological iodine. Iodine in the form of KIO3 or KI was applied to the soil or sprayed on the plants. Iodine application (2.50 or 5 kg ha) was split, with the first half applied together with spring nitrogen fertilization and the other half applied one month before sampling for laboratory tests. In all the tested combinations of fertilization iodine increases iodine content in green plants compared to control. The application rates and means of fertilization with iodine salts did not adversely affect the biological quality of the plants.
{"title":"Biological quality of triticale green plants biofortified with iodine","authors":"A. Krzepiłko, B. Kościk, J. Stachowicz, A. Święciło, R. Prażak, M. Skowrońska, I. Jackowska","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(1)7","url":null,"abstract":"Plant biofortified with iodine may be an alternative source of this element in human diet. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of fertilization on quality of green plant biological iodine. Iodine in the form of KIO3 or KI was applied to the soil or sprayed on the plants. Iodine application (2.50 or 5 kg ha) was split, with the first half applied together with spring nitrogen fertilization and the other half applied one month before sampling for laboratory tests. In all the tested combinations of fertilization iodine increases iodine content in green plants compared to control. The application rates and means of fertilization with iodine salts did not adversely affect the biological quality of the plants.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)19
Grzegorz Szaciłowski, K. Szarłowicz, B. Kubica
: Jamske Pleso lake is one of almost 200 lakes located in the Tatra Mountains. This post glacial water reservoir is set on a strictly protected area. In this work, sediment samples taken from Jamske Pleso Lake were analysed for radioactivity of natural 226 Ra, 210 Po, 210 Pb and artificial 137 Cs. The sediment core was taken by use of Limnos corer. After preparation of the physical sample, gamma measurements were executed in hermetically closed vessels. A preliminary study showed that concentration of natural radionuclides is in typical values for lakes located in this area. An elevated concentration of 226 Ra (mean 57 (cid:2) 29 Bq (cid:3) kg –1 ) is an effect of uranium rich bedrock of the lake. Radioactivity of 137 Cs is close to that reported in other Tatras lakes. Using 137 Cs as an indicator allowed a preliminary estimate of the depth of the sediments deposited in 1960s. samples. Direct analysis of 137 Cs radioactivity and the indirect measurements of 226 Ra content via daughter isotopes. Based on the 137 Cs radioactivity, preliminary dating, using this radionuclide as time marker, was performed.
{"title":"Preliminary characterization of the radioactivity in sediments taken from Jamske Pleso lake (Slovakia)","authors":"Grzegorz Szaciłowski, K. Szarłowicz, B. Kubica","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2018.25(2)19","url":null,"abstract":": Jamske Pleso lake is one of almost 200 lakes located in the Tatra Mountains. This post glacial water reservoir is set on a strictly protected area. In this work, sediment samples taken from Jamske Pleso Lake were analysed for radioactivity of natural 226 Ra, 210 Po, 210 Pb and artificial 137 Cs. The sediment core was taken by use of Limnos corer. After preparation of the physical sample, gamma measurements were executed in hermetically closed vessels. A preliminary study showed that concentration of natural radionuclides is in typical values for lakes located in this area. An elevated concentration of 226 Ra (mean 57 (cid:2) 29 Bq (cid:3) kg –1 ) is an effect of uranium rich bedrock of the lake. Radioactivity of 137 Cs is close to that reported in other Tatras lakes. Using 137 Cs as an indicator allowed a preliminary estimate of the depth of the sediments deposited in 1960s. samples. Direct analysis of 137 Cs radioactivity and the indirect measurements of 226 Ra content via daughter isotopes. Based on the 137 Cs radioactivity, preliminary dating, using this radionuclide as time marker, was performed.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2017.24(1)5
B. Bień
The quality of sludge liquids produced in the processes of mechanical dewatering of sludge depends on the stabilization technology and the kind of device, its proper operation, and an appropriate choice of conditioning chemicals. The article presents the impact of selected conditioning chemicals and methods, such as: PIX 113, PIX 123, Zetag 8160 polyelectrolyte, ultrasonic field, and their combined effect on the properties of sludge liquids. crude sludge liquids were characterized by high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (931–1,508.9 mg N-NH4 /dm), phosphates (24.3–89.4 mg PO4 /dm) and organic compounds referred to as COD (784–1,856 mg O2/dm ). It was found that the combined effect of inorganic coagulant PIX 123 and polyelectrolyte allowed the reduction of suspended solids and COD in sludge liquids. In the case of suspension, the highest reduction (53.8%) was obtained when using PIX 123. With regard to the changes of COD, similar effects were obtained for PIX 123 (43%) and the combined method (41.6%). The use of the PIX 113 coagulant and Zetag 8160 polyelectrolyte increased the ratio of total suspended solids in the sludge liquids in relation to crude sludge liquids. The PIX 113 coagulant led to reducing the values of COD (90%), ammonium nitrogen (14.9%) and phosphates (93.8%) with relation to crude sludge liquids. Zetag 8160 alone proved to be the least effective.
{"title":"The quality of sludge liquids produced in the process of mechanical dewatering of digested sludge","authors":"B. Bień","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2017.24(1)5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2017.24(1)5","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of sludge liquids produced in the processes of mechanical dewatering of sludge depends on the stabilization technology and the kind of device, its proper operation, and an appropriate choice of conditioning chemicals. The article presents the impact of selected conditioning chemicals and methods, such as: PIX 113, PIX 123, Zetag 8160 polyelectrolyte, ultrasonic field, and their combined effect on the properties of sludge liquids. crude sludge liquids were characterized by high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (931–1,508.9 mg N-NH4 /dm), phosphates (24.3–89.4 mg PO4 /dm) and organic compounds referred to as COD (784–1,856 mg O2/dm ). It was found that the combined effect of inorganic coagulant PIX 123 and polyelectrolyte allowed the reduction of suspended solids and COD in sludge liquids. In the case of suspension, the highest reduction (53.8%) was obtained when using PIX 123. With regard to the changes of COD, similar effects were obtained for PIX 123 (43%) and the combined method (41.6%). The use of the PIX 113 coagulant and Zetag 8160 polyelectrolyte increased the ratio of total suspended solids in the sludge liquids in relation to crude sludge liquids. The PIX 113 coagulant led to reducing the values of COD (90%), ammonium nitrogen (14.9%) and phosphates (93.8%) with relation to crude sludge liquids. Zetag 8160 alone proved to be the least effective.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2017.24(1)8
M. Widomski, W. Stepniewski, R. Horn
The sustainability of municipal landfills and quality of water-soil environment is being compromised by the leachate percolation through the bottom sealing liner. The compacted mineral liners, using clays of various plasticity to assure the saturated hydraulic conductivity lower than 1 10 m s, are among the most popular isolations of municipal waste landfills. But high plasticity clays present significant expansivity so they are prone to swelling, shrinkage and resultant cracking. Swelling and shrinkage of compacted clay liners, caused by cyclic drying and watering of substrate, are irreversible and after several cycles may result in a huge increase in the hydraulic conductivity and drastically reduced sealing capabilities of compacted clay liners. This paper presents the assessment of selected substrates’ plasticity influence on the isolating capabilities of the municipal landfill’s bottom liner undergoing cyclic drying and rewetting. The plasticity of tested clay materials was determined and classified by the standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the studied clays formed by the standard Proctor method was measured by the laboratory falling head permeameters for compacted soils. Measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity of the tested substrates after three cycles of drying and rewetting were performed in the standard 100 cm steel cylinders by the falling and constant head laboratory permeameter. Shrinkage of the tested compacted specimens was determined also in the standard 100 cm steel cylinders and classified basing on dimensionless indicator COLE. Determination of water seepage through the tested bottom compacted clay liners was based on the standard form of Darcy law for the saturated conditions of soil medium. The obtained results showed influence of plasticity of clays on decrease in their sealing capabilities after several cycles of drying and rewetting and, by extension, undesirable increase in the seepage volume through the compacted bottom liner.
城市垃圾填埋场的可持续性和水土环境质量正受到渗滤液通过底部密封衬垫渗透的影响。压实的矿物衬垫是城市垃圾填埋场最常用的隔离材料之一，它使用不同塑性的粘土来确保饱和水力导电性低于110 m s。但高塑性粘土具有显著的膨胀性，因此容易发生膨胀、收缩和由此产生的开裂。黏土衬垫的膨胀和收缩是由基材的循环干燥和浇水引起的，这种膨胀和收缩是不可逆的，经过几次循环后，可能会导致黏土衬垫的水力导率大幅增加，并大大降低其密封能力。本文评价了所选基质的塑性对垃圾填埋场底衬循环干燥再润湿隔离性能的影响。采用标准方法对试验粘土材料的塑性进行了测定和分类。用实验室压实土降头渗透仪测量了用标准普罗克特法形成的粘土的饱和水力导电性。在标准的100厘米钢瓶中，用下降和恒头实验室渗透仪测量被试基质经过3个干燥和再润湿循环后的饱和水力电导率。试验压实试样在标准100cm钢瓶中的收缩率也进行了测定，并根据无量纲指标COLE进行了分类。试验底压实粘土衬里渗水量的测定，采用土介质饱和条件下达西定律的标准形式。结果表明，粘土的塑性影响了其在多次干燥和再润湿循环后的密封能力下降，进而导致通过压实衬底的渗透量增加。
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