Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)17
J. Sikora, M. Niemiec, A. Szeląg-Sikora, M. Cupiał, A. Klimas
The main civilization issue of the 21 century is a rapid increase of the waste and pollution amount which influences the natural environment degradation. As early as in the 20 century, the increase in the amount of municipal waste and waste from agri-food industry was reported. Waste chemical composition gives optimal conditions for the development of microorganisms. Under aerobic and non-aerobic conditions bacteria decompose organic compounds which results in gases emission (CH4, H2S, CO2, NOx), while nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds remain in the post-ferment. These compounds may be diffused into the environment and create a risk of homeostasis corruption. Biogenic elements are transferred to surface water and corrupt the ecosystem balance causing its eutrophication. Various types of fermentation may be distinguished, but the methane fermentation may play a special role with regard to the sustainable energy sources and waste management. This process converts energy included in the biomass into the utility fuel – a source of clean sustainable energy which does not negatively influence the environment. Biogas may be combusted in the boiler in order to obtain thermal energy used for heating rooms or in a gas engine which drives the current generator. It is worth noticing that the above method is a desired one of transforming waste ie organic recycling. The research results of biogas production from the organic fraction of municipal waste in co-fermentation with the agricultural mass as well as the suitability of the post-ferment for energy purposes were presented in the paper. In order to image the calorific value of the post-ferment, the tests were carried out on 6 batch mixes where in each one the organic fraction of municipal waste occurred.
{"title":"Utilization of Post-Ferment from Co-Fermentation Methane for Energy Purposes","authors":"J. Sikora, M. Niemiec, A. Szeląg-Sikora, M. Cupiał, A. Klimas","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)17","url":null,"abstract":"The main civilization issue of the 21 century is a rapid increase of the waste and pollution amount which influences the natural environment degradation. As early as in the 20 century, the increase in the amount of municipal waste and waste from agri-food industry was reported. Waste chemical composition gives optimal conditions for the development of microorganisms. Under aerobic and non-aerobic conditions bacteria decompose organic compounds which results in gases emission (CH4, H2S, CO2, NOx), while nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds remain in the post-ferment. These compounds may be diffused into the environment and create a risk of homeostasis corruption. Biogenic elements are transferred to surface water and corrupt the ecosystem balance causing its eutrophication. Various types of fermentation may be distinguished, but the methane fermentation may play a special role with regard to the sustainable energy sources and waste management. This process converts energy included in the biomass into the utility fuel – a source of clean sustainable energy which does not negatively influence the environment. Biogas may be combusted in the boiler in order to obtain thermal energy used for heating rooms or in a gas engine which drives the current generator. It is worth noticing that the above method is a desired one of transforming waste ie organic recycling. The research results of biogas production from the organic fraction of municipal waste in co-fermentation with the agricultural mass as well as the suitability of the post-ferment for energy purposes were presented in the paper. In order to image the calorific value of the post-ferment, the tests were carried out on 6 batch mixes where in each one the organic fraction of municipal waste occurred.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)33
G. Kusza, B. Gołuchowska, M. Szewczyk
Lime and cement industry belongs to the best developed branches of industry in Opole Voivodeship. The plants are located in eastern and central part of the province, in the vicinity of the city of Opole and the towns of Krapkowice and Strzelce Opolskie due to the location of the resources of calcareous raw materials (limestones and marls).The impact of lime and cement industry on the natural environment, especially soils, was studied by many authors, but these works do not concern the Province of Opole, which is one of the main centers of lime and cement industry in Poland for centuries. The article is an attempt to show changes in physicochemical properties of soils being under long lasting influence of alkaline dust emissions coming from the lime plant in Gorazdze. The research was conducted in the years 2010–2013. The range of the studies included field works in the areas adjacent to the plant, where 12 representative soil pits were arranged to collect samples for laboratory analyses. The following physicochemical parameters were determined in the samples: grain size distribution, reaction (pH), electrical conductivity and the content of calcium carbonate. The studies showed deacidification of the tested sandy soils resulting from alkaline dust deposition, which primarily concerned forest stands, which were characterized by the rise in reaction by 3–4 pH units. In the case of meadows, arable soils and wastelands, the pH values raised by 1–2 units. Moreover, alkaline falling dusts enriched the investigated soils in calcium carbonate. It concerns to the greatest extent the soil pits located nearest to the lime plant, where above 1% of CaCO3 was found. The results of conductivity measurements proved low salinity of the investigated samples.
{"title":"Changes in physicochemical properties of soils in the area affected by lime industry","authors":"G. Kusza, B. Gołuchowska, M. Szewczyk","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)33","url":null,"abstract":"Lime and cement industry belongs to the best developed branches of industry in Opole Voivodeship. The plants are located in eastern and central part of the province, in the vicinity of the city of Opole and the towns of Krapkowice and Strzelce Opolskie due to the location of the resources of calcareous raw materials (limestones and marls).The impact of lime and cement industry on the natural environment, especially soils, was studied by many authors, but these works do not concern the Province of Opole, which is one of the main centers of lime and cement industry in Poland for centuries. The article is an attempt to show changes in physicochemical properties of soils being under long lasting influence of alkaline dust emissions coming from the lime plant in Gorazdze. The research was conducted in the years 2010–2013. The range of the studies included field works in the areas adjacent to the plant, where 12 representative soil pits were arranged to collect samples for laboratory analyses. The following physicochemical parameters were determined in the samples: grain size distribution, reaction (pH), electrical conductivity and the content of calcium carbonate. The studies showed deacidification of the tested sandy soils resulting from alkaline dust deposition, which primarily concerned forest stands, which were characterized by the rise in reaction by 3–4 pH units. In the case of meadows, arable soils and wastelands, the pH values raised by 1–2 units. Moreover, alkaline falling dusts enriched the investigated soils in calcium carbonate. It concerns to the greatest extent the soil pits located nearest to the lime plant, where above 1% of CaCO3 was found. The results of conductivity measurements proved low salinity of the investigated samples.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)9
Mariusz Lenart, T. Olszowski
The determination of the level of pollutants and reciprocal relations “outside-inside” forms an important component in the study involving assessment and control of indoor air quality. This paper reports the results of a study with regard to the mass concentration of PM10 determined concurrently in the outdoor air surrounding a university building and inside the lecture rooms in it. The research project was undertaken in the cold season and registration included 83 independent observations with the duration of 90 minutes. The research applied a reference method involving measurements of PM10 mass concentration using gravimetric technique. The results were analyzed by application of non-parametric tests. For the purposes of classification of variables and assessment of the role of the specific variables, the analysis was based on the use of principal components. It was indicated that the mass concentration of particulate matter in the lecture rooms does not differ from the levels measured at the same time in the air surrounding the building only during the periods corresponding to periodic room ventilation. It was also found that the design and usage of the buildings, as well as the number and activity of humans determine the aerosanitary conditions in the enclosed spaces formed by the lecture rooms. It was observed that the mass concentration of particulate matter in the rooms is higher in the cold season. A statement was made that design solutions need to be implemented with the purpose of using intelligent ventilation systems.
{"title":"Indoor-Outdoor Relations for PM10 Mass Concentration Based on University Building","authors":"Mariusz Lenart, T. Olszowski","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)9","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the level of pollutants and reciprocal relations “outside-inside” forms an important component in the study involving assessment and control of indoor air quality. This paper reports the results of a study with regard to the mass concentration of PM10 determined concurrently in the outdoor air surrounding a university building and inside the lecture rooms in it. The research project was undertaken in the cold season and registration included 83 independent observations with the duration of 90 minutes. The research applied a reference method involving measurements of PM10 mass concentration using gravimetric technique. The results were analyzed by application of non-parametric tests. For the purposes of classification of variables and assessment of the role of the specific variables, the analysis was based on the use of principal components. It was indicated that the mass concentration of particulate matter in the lecture rooms does not differ from the levels measured at the same time in the air surrounding the building only during the periods corresponding to periodic room ventilation. It was also found that the design and usage of the buildings, as well as the number and activity of humans determine the aerosanitary conditions in the enclosed spaces formed by the lecture rooms. It was observed that the mass concentration of particulate matter in the rooms is higher in the cold season. A statement was made that design solutions need to be implemented with the purpose of using intelligent ventilation systems.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)34
M. Sporek, T. Ciesielczuk
The study was aimed to determine the effect of the fertilizer dose on growth of barley. In the experiment we used calcium sulphate, which is a waste during gas desulphurisation in heat and power stations. We assumed that dihydrate calcium sulphate would react with aluminium and form insoluble AlSO4 . We weighed the biomass of barley, underground and aboveground parts separately, determined the content of chlorophyll and the change in soil reaction caused by the applied doses of fertilisers. The vase experiment with barley of the brewery variety Propino was conducted in a setting of sub-blocks with fertilizing as the one changing factor. One experimental block included 5 variants in 5 repetitions. During growth period we conducted detailed observations of growth and development of barley. Calcium sulphate has positive effect on the growth of biomass and chlorophyll content in leaves of barley. Application of a double dose of calcium sulphate did not bring measurable increase in the growth of biomass and the height of barley stems.
{"title":"Biomass of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to fertilising","authors":"M. Sporek, T. Ciesielczuk","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)34","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to determine the effect of the fertilizer dose on growth of barley. In the experiment we used calcium sulphate, which is a waste during gas desulphurisation in heat and power stations. We assumed that dihydrate calcium sulphate would react with aluminium and form insoluble AlSO4 . We weighed the biomass of barley, underground and aboveground parts separately, determined the content of chlorophyll and the change in soil reaction caused by the applied doses of fertilisers. The vase experiment with barley of the brewery variety Propino was conducted in a setting of sub-blocks with fertilizing as the one changing factor. One experimental block included 5 variants in 5 repetitions. During growth period we conducted detailed observations of growth and development of barley. Calcium sulphate has positive effect on the growth of biomass and chlorophyll content in leaves of barley. Application of a double dose of calcium sulphate did not bring measurable increase in the growth of biomass and the height of barley stems.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(3)23
A. Machnicka, E. Nowicka
The primary effect of sewage sludge disintegration process is the physical, chemical or biological change of their structure, which causes destruction of flocs, fragmentation of microbial cells and thus release of cell contents into the surrounding liquid. Pre-treatment of the sludge can be used for the process of thickening and dewatering of sludge. In this paper, the influence of hydrodynamic, microwave and freezing/thawing disintegration on selected properties of gravitational surplus activated sludge, were assessed. The scope of the research included the parameters characteristic of the sedimentation process, ie sludge density index (SDI), sludge volume index (SVI), sludge thickening speed (v), sludge concentration (Ci) and changes in the liquid phase of sludge chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and turbidity. The obtained results as well as performed calculations have confirmed the impact of used disintegration in terms of improving the properties of surplus activated sludge.
{"title":"The influence of mechanical and thermal disintegration on gravitational separation of surplus sludge","authors":"A. Machnicka, E. Nowicka","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(3)23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(3)23","url":null,"abstract":"The primary effect of sewage sludge disintegration process is the physical, chemical or biological change of their structure, which causes destruction of flocs, fragmentation of microbial cells and thus release of cell contents into the surrounding liquid. Pre-treatment of the sludge can be used for the process of thickening and dewatering of sludge. In this paper, the influence of hydrodynamic, microwave and freezing/thawing disintegration on selected properties of gravitational surplus activated sludge, were assessed. The scope of the research included the parameters characteristic of the sedimentation process, ie sludge density index (SDI), sludge volume index (SVI), sludge thickening speed (v), sludge concentration (Ci) and changes in the liquid phase of sludge chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and turbidity. The obtained results as well as performed calculations have confirmed the impact of used disintegration in terms of improving the properties of surplus activated sludge.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)2
I. Bojakowska, W. Bureć-Drewniak, B. Wiłkomirski
In 416 sediment samples taken from the deepest waters of 260 lakes located within the following Lake Districts: Greater Poland, Pomeranian and Masurian, the content of Cu, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, Na, P and S was determined by the ICP-OES method and the content of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by the coulometric titration method. The analyses revealed that in the majority of tested samples, the Cu content did not exceed 50 mg/kg and that the geometric mean of the copper content is 13 mg/kg, and thus it is much higher than the geochemical background for aquatic sediments in Poland. The high dependence determined between the Cu content in sediments and the concentration of Al, K, Mg, S and TOC and a weaker correlation between the Cu concentration and the content of P and Fe indicate that copper in sediments is primarily related to the organic matter and clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, to phosphates and iron compounds. The variation in the copper content in sediments of different Lake Districts and also the variation in the present correlations were observed.
{"title":"Dependence between the content of copper and the content of major elements in sediments of Polish lakes","authors":"I. Bojakowska, W. Bureć-Drewniak, B. Wiłkomirski","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)2","url":null,"abstract":"In 416 sediment samples taken from the deepest waters of 260 lakes located within the following Lake Districts: Greater Poland, Pomeranian and Masurian, the content of Cu, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, Na, P and S was determined by the ICP-OES method and the content of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by the coulometric titration method. The analyses revealed that in the majority of tested samples, the Cu content did not exceed 50 mg/kg and that the geometric mean of the copper content is 13 mg/kg, and thus it is much higher than the geochemical background for aquatic sediments in Poland. The high dependence determined between the Cu content in sediments and the concentration of Al, K, Mg, S and TOC and a weaker correlation between the Cu concentration and the content of P and Fe indicate that copper in sediments is primarily related to the organic matter and clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, to phosphates and iron compounds. The variation in the copper content in sediments of different Lake Districts and also the variation in the present correlations were observed.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)4
M. Matejczyk, S. Rosochacki, A. Jabłońska-Trypuć
Escherichia coli strains containing a three different plasmid-borne transcriptional fusion between genotoxin-inducible recA, kat G and sodA promoters involved in the SOS regulon and bacteria stress response and mutated form of gfp reporter gene, have been used. GFP-based bacterial biosensors allowed for detection of a cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of ibuprofenum, ketoprofenum and paracetamolum – conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in PBS buffer and surface water. For experimental tests drugs were used at concentration of 10; 10; 10; 10 and 10 mg/dm, with bacteria strains time incubation of 3 and 24 hours. Experimental data indicated, that three promoters fusions with gfp gene as reporter were differently sensitive to applied drugs. Bacteria strains, recA, kat G and sodA promoters were a good bioindicator for cytotoxic and genotoxic effect monitoring of tested drugs in PBS buffer and surface water. The results showed, that applied in this experiment E. coli gfp biosensors strains could be potentially useful for environmental monitoring of cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of pharmacist residues of drugs in surface water.
大肠杆菌菌株含有三种不同的质粒转录融合基因毒素诱导的recA, kat G和sodA启动子参与SOS调控和细菌应激反应，以及gfp报告基因的突变形式。基于gfp的细菌生物传感器允许在PBS缓冲液和地表水中检测常规非甾体抗炎药布profenum、酮profenum和扑热息痛的细胞毒性和基因毒性活性。在实验测试中，药物的浓度为10;10;10;10和10 mg/dm，菌株孵育时间分别为3和24小时。实验数据表明，以gfp基因为报告基因的三种启动子对应用药物的敏感性不同。细菌菌株、recA、kat G和sodA启动子是PBS缓冲液和地表水中被试药物细胞毒性和基因毒性监测的良好生物指标。结果表明，应用于本实验的大肠杆菌gfp生物传感器菌株可用于地表水中药师残留药物的细胞毒性和遗传毒性的环境监测。
{"title":"Monitoring of pharmaceutical residues of non-steroidal drugs with use of Escherichia coli-gfp biosensors","authors":"M. Matejczyk, S. Rosochacki, A. Jabłońska-Trypuć","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(1)4","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli strains containing a three different plasmid-borne transcriptional fusion between genotoxin-inducible recA, kat G and sodA promoters involved in the SOS regulon and bacteria stress response and mutated form of gfp reporter gene, have been used. GFP-based bacterial biosensors allowed for detection of a cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of ibuprofenum, ketoprofenum and paracetamolum – conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in PBS buffer and surface water. For experimental tests drugs were used at concentration of 10; 10; 10; 10 and 10 mg/dm, with bacteria strains time incubation of 3 and 24 hours. Experimental data indicated, that three promoters fusions with gfp gene as reporter were differently sensitive to applied drugs. Bacteria strains, recA, kat G and sodA promoters were a good bioindicator for cytotoxic and genotoxic effect monitoring of tested drugs in PBS buffer and surface water. The results showed, that applied in this experiment E. coli gfp biosensors strains could be potentially useful for environmental monitoring of cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of pharmacist residues of drugs in surface water.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)29
I. Deska, K. Łacisz
The light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) percolating into the soil and groundwater present a threat to the subsurface environment. When LNAPL is present on the groundwater table the initial step of remediation should be its recovery. Proper design and monitoring of LNAPL recovery require an estimation of the actual LNAPL thickness or LNAPL specific volume. These parameters are mostly calculated on the base of the apparent LNAPL thickness (LNAPL thickness measured in the monitoring well). This apparent thickness can be even several times greater than the actual LNAPL thickness in the porous medium surrounding monitoring well. This difference depends on the properties of soil and the properties and amount of LNAPL on the water table. The major aim of this study was to investigate if LNAPL present in the observation well can contaminate the high permeable soil lenses lying below the LNAPL layer on the groundwater table. Results show that the considerable amount of LNAPL penetrated the high permeable soil lens that was hydraulically connected to the well. Additionally, the free product percolation into the high permeable soil lens has influenced the value of apparent LNAPL thickness. Such a situation can complicate the estimation of the actual thickness or specific volume of LNAPL on the groundwater table.
{"title":"The possibility of the light non-aqueous phase liquids migration in the layered porous medium","authors":"I. Deska, K. Łacisz","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(4)29","url":null,"abstract":"The light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) percolating into the soil and groundwater present a threat to the subsurface environment. When LNAPL is present on the groundwater table the initial step of remediation should be its recovery. Proper design and monitoring of LNAPL recovery require an estimation of the actual LNAPL thickness or LNAPL specific volume. These parameters are mostly calculated on the base of the apparent LNAPL thickness (LNAPL thickness measured in the monitoring well). This apparent thickness can be even several times greater than the actual LNAPL thickness in the porous medium surrounding monitoring well. This difference depends on the properties of soil and the properties and amount of LNAPL on the water table. The major aim of this study was to investigate if LNAPL present in the observation well can contaminate the high permeable soil lenses lying below the LNAPL layer on the groundwater table. Results show that the considerable amount of LNAPL penetrated the high permeable soil lens that was hydraulically connected to the well. Additionally, the free product percolation into the high permeable soil lens has influenced the value of apparent LNAPL thickness. Such a situation can complicate the estimation of the actual thickness or specific volume of LNAPL on the groundwater table.","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68906215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)11
M. Kutyłowska
{"title":"Prediction of Water Conduits Failure Rate – Comparison of Support Vector Machine and Neural Network","authors":"M. Kutyłowska","doi":"10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2428/ECEA.2016.23(2)11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44472,"journal":{"name":"ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING A-CHEMIA I INZYNIERIA EKOLOGICZNA A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68905608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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