Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2018.1453824
E. Tsankova, E. Vanman, Arvid Kappas
ABSTRACT Trust begins with our first impression of others. But which matters most in forming the first impression that others possess stereotypically trustworthy facial features, that they look like us, or that they belong to our social group? This study explored the interaction among stereotypical trustworthiness, kinship (based on facial resemblance), and group membership (using arbitrary groups) in the formation of first impressions. Each participant rated 48 stimuli varying in stereotypical trustworthiness (trustworthy vs. untrustworthy), facial resemblance (self vs. other), and group membership (ingroup vs. outgroup) on three traits (trustworthiness, competence, and attractiveness). We observed unique interaction patterns for each of the three traits and we speculate that there is a match between the primacy of the information and the primacy of the evaluated dimension that influences the formation of first impressions. In addition, we propose that group membership may drive first impressions in the absence of kinship information. Our integrative approach brings us closer to understanding the formation of first impressions, and thus trustworthiness and trust, in real-life situations. Our findings outline stimulating directions for further research.
{"title":"Interaction of stereotypical trustworthiness, facial resemblance, and group membership in the perception of trustworthiness and other traits","authors":"E. Tsankova, E. Vanman, Arvid Kappas","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2018.1453824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2018.1453824","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trust begins with our first impression of others. But which matters most in forming the first impression that others possess stereotypically trustworthy facial features, that they look like us, or that they belong to our social group? This study explored the interaction among stereotypical trustworthiness, kinship (based on facial resemblance), and group membership (using arbitrary groups) in the formation of first impressions. Each participant rated 48 stimuli varying in stereotypical trustworthiness (trustworthy vs. untrustworthy), facial resemblance (self vs. other), and group membership (ingroup vs. outgroup) on three traits (trustworthiness, competence, and attractiveness). We observed unique interaction patterns for each of the three traits and we speculate that there is a match between the primacy of the information and the primacy of the evaluated dimension that influences the formation of first impressions. In addition, we propose that group membership may drive first impressions in the absence of kinship information. Our integrative approach brings us closer to understanding the formation of first impressions, and thus trustworthiness and trust, in real-life situations. Our findings outline stimulating directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"31 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2018.1453824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49438567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2018.1479967
Lukas Kasten
ABSTRACT This article emphasises that trustful behaviour is meaningful behaviour which communicates that the interaction partner is perceived as a trustworthy actor. It shows how this almost trivial insight can enrich our theoretical understanding of trusting relations in a significant way. Three assumptions will be derived which emphasise the relational character of trust and which focus on causal and constitutive interactions between trustful behaviour and certain inter-subjective structures in which a relationship is embedded: first, trustful behaviour (re-)produces shared social identity; second, trustful behaviour satisfies the socio-emotional needs of the trusted actor; and third, trustful behaviour complies with a social norm and obligation to trust. These assumptions will be applied for a theoretical analysis of processes of building and maintaining identification-based trusting relations. It will be highlighted that the active celebration of trustful behaviour itself is necessary for the (re-)production of the socio-emotional foundation of an identification-based trusting relationship. Moreover, the theoretical analysis will provide a discussion of appropriate and effective reassurance strategies which actors may follow in times of uncertainty and doubt. In sum, the article provides a new perspective on the relationship between trust and risk: not only trustful behaviour is (objectively) risky, but also the refusal of trust. Actors who unnecessarily refuse to engage in trustful behaviour risk deteriorating the relationship.
{"title":"Trustful behaviour is meaningful behaviour: Implications for theory on identification-based trusting relations","authors":"Lukas Kasten","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2018.1479967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2018.1479967","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article emphasises that trustful behaviour is meaningful behaviour which communicates that the interaction partner is perceived as a trustworthy actor. It shows how this almost trivial insight can enrich our theoretical understanding of trusting relations in a significant way. Three assumptions will be derived which emphasise the relational character of trust and which focus on causal and constitutive interactions between trustful behaviour and certain inter-subjective structures in which a relationship is embedded: first, trustful behaviour (re-)produces shared social identity; second, trustful behaviour satisfies the socio-emotional needs of the trusted actor; and third, trustful behaviour complies with a social norm and obligation to trust. These assumptions will be applied for a theoretical analysis of processes of building and maintaining identification-based trusting relations. It will be highlighted that the active celebration of trustful behaviour itself is necessary for the (re-)production of the socio-emotional foundation of an identification-based trusting relationship. Moreover, the theoretical analysis will provide a discussion of appropriate and effective reassurance strategies which actors may follow in times of uncertainty and doubt. In sum, the article provides a new perspective on the relationship between trust and risk: not only trustful behaviour is (objectively) risky, but also the refusal of trust. Actors who unnecessarily refuse to engage in trustful behaviour risk deteriorating the relationship.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2018.1479967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2018.1442722
D. Morselli, S. Glaeser
ABSTRACT Two concurrent positions have driven research on the relationship between economic factors and social trust across countries: While some research has shown that unequal wealth distribution leads to poor social trust, other research has argued that social trust is the precondition to a country's economic performance and distribution of economic resources. Using an ecological linear growth model, this study tests these two concurrent positions with data from the first six rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS). This study focuses on the links between socio-economic conditions and inclusive social capital climates, i.e. social climates where inclusive attitudes and generalised trust are widely extended to outgroups. Two models are estimated with Bayesian methods and then compared. The results support the hypothesis that the diffusion of inclusive social capital climates can predict the improvement of a country's socio-economic conditions. However, they also support the opposite hypothesis, according to which the improvement of socio-economic conditions is pivotal in creating a climate of trust. Slightly stronger results are found for the latter hypothesis, suggesting that the enhancement of economic conditions and income distribution may be pivotal in reinforcing the social fabric.
{"title":"Economic conditions and social trust climates in Europe over ten years: An ecological analysis of change","authors":"D. Morselli, S. Glaeser","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2018.1442722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2018.1442722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two concurrent positions have driven research on the relationship between economic factors and social trust across countries: While some research has shown that unequal wealth distribution leads to poor social trust, other research has argued that social trust is the precondition to a country's economic performance and distribution of economic resources. Using an ecological linear growth model, this study tests these two concurrent positions with data from the first six rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS). This study focuses on the links between socio-economic conditions and inclusive social capital climates, i.e. social climates where inclusive attitudes and generalised trust are widely extended to outgroups. Two models are estimated with Bayesian methods and then compared. The results support the hypothesis that the diffusion of inclusive social capital climates can predict the improvement of a country's socio-economic conditions. However, they also support the opposite hypothesis, according to which the improvement of socio-economic conditions is pivotal in creating a climate of trust. Slightly stronger results are found for the latter hypothesis, suggesting that the enhancement of economic conditions and income distribution may be pivotal in reinforcing the social fabric.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"68 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2018.1442722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1419877
D. Ferrin, Cecily D. Cooper, K. Dirks, P. Kim
ABSTRACT CEO transgressions are a common storyline in today's business press. Such incidents result in the need to repair trust for both the CEO and the organisation that the CEO leads. Existing empirical research on trust repair has focused primarily on interpersonal trust, resulting in a body of knowledge that provides many insights to the errant CEO but few insights for those who aim to repair trust in the organisation. Since organisations also need to regain the trust of stakeholders after a CEO transgression, research on organisational trust repair is clearly warranted. Organisations have options for trust repair that are not available to individuals (e.g. dismissing the transgressor), these actions may be initiated by parties other than the culpable party (e.g. the Board of Directors), and the mechanisms underlying organisational versus interpersonal trust repair may differ. However, trust in CEOs and their associated organisations may also be intertwined since the CEO is the symbolic representative of the organisation. To better understand how organisations and CEOs can repair trust in the aftermath of a CEO transgression, we conduct a scenario experiment examining two tactics that are commonly used in practice: CEO dismissal, and CEO apology + penance. We also examine the proposed underlying mechanisms of perceived repentance and perceived disentitativity. Results indicate that both tactics can influence trust in the CEO as well as the organisation, and that perceived repentance and perceived disentitativity mediate the effects of Board responses on trust in the CEO but not on trust in the organisation.
{"title":"Heads will roll! Routes to effective trust repair in the aftermath of a CEO transgression","authors":"D. Ferrin, Cecily D. Cooper, K. Dirks, P. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1419877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1419877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT CEO transgressions are a common storyline in today's business press. Such incidents result in the need to repair trust for both the CEO and the organisation that the CEO leads. Existing empirical research on trust repair has focused primarily on interpersonal trust, resulting in a body of knowledge that provides many insights to the errant CEO but few insights for those who aim to repair trust in the organisation. Since organisations also need to regain the trust of stakeholders after a CEO transgression, research on organisational trust repair is clearly warranted. Organisations have options for trust repair that are not available to individuals (e.g. dismissing the transgressor), these actions may be initiated by parties other than the culpable party (e.g. the Board of Directors), and the mechanisms underlying organisational versus interpersonal trust repair may differ. However, trust in CEOs and their associated organisations may also be intertwined since the CEO is the symbolic representative of the organisation. To better understand how organisations and CEOs can repair trust in the aftermath of a CEO transgression, we conduct a scenario experiment examining two tactics that are commonly used in practice: CEO dismissal, and CEO apology + penance. We also examine the proposed underlying mechanisms of perceived repentance and perceived disentitativity. Results indicate that both tactics can influence trust in the CEO as well as the organisation, and that perceived repentance and perceived disentitativity mediate the effects of Board responses on trust in the CEO but not on trust in the organisation.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"30 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1419877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1373022
N. Gillespie
ABSTRACT In this article, Roy Lewicki shares his experiences and reflections on trust research from the early seminal papers through to future research opportunities. We discuss his contributions and current thinking on trust development and repair, the forms of trust, the coexistence of trust and distrust, the mechanisms of trust repair, the relationship of trust with conflict, negotiation and in current affairs (e.g. ‘alternative facts’, climate change denial). Recurrent themes are the complex nature of trust development and repair processes, the methodological challenges inherent in studying trust and distrust dynamics over time, and the value of reflective practice and developmental forums for advancing trust research. Bridging the theory-practice divide, developing more sophisticated measurement tools, and conducting interdisciplinary scholarship are identified as rich opportunities for future trust research.
{"title":"Trust dynamics and repair: An interview with Roy Lewicki","authors":"N. Gillespie","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1373022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1373022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, Roy Lewicki shares his experiences and reflections on trust research from the early seminal papers through to future research opportunities. We discuss his contributions and current thinking on trust development and repair, the forms of trust, the coexistence of trust and distrust, the mechanisms of trust repair, the relationship of trust with conflict, negotiation and in current affairs (e.g. ‘alternative facts’, climate change denial). Recurrent themes are the complex nature of trust development and repair processes, the methodological challenges inherent in studying trust and distrust dynamics over time, and the value of reflective practice and developmental forums for advancing trust research. Bridging the theory-practice divide, developing more sophisticated measurement tools, and conducting interdisciplinary scholarship are identified as rich opportunities for future trust research.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"204 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1373022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41638558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1364481
M. Hooghe
ABSTRACT This book review finds that in a new handbook on political trust, the recent literature on political trust is summarised by highly distinguished authors. Both theoretical and empirical chapters are included. A major innovation is that the geographical scope of investigation is global, thus allowing for new theoretical perspectives on the democratic status of political trust, as the book review concludes.
{"title":"Handbook on Political Trust, by S. Zmerli and T. van der Meer, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar, 2017","authors":"M. Hooghe","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1364481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1364481","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This book review finds that in a new handbook on political trust, the recent literature on political trust is summarised by highly distinguished authors. Both theoretical and empirical chapters are included. A major innovation is that the geographical scope of investigation is global, thus allowing for new theoretical perspectives on the democratic status of political trust, as the book review concludes.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"220 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1364481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47609166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1364028
Stéphane Moyson
ABSTRACT Starting from the assumption that citizens’ trust toward providers of goods and services depends on their trust in the regulators of those providers, ‘Trust in regulatory regimes’ offers an analytical framework to look at ‘polycentric regimes’ of regulators, regulated organisations, and citizens. The empirical chapters address several issues identified in a literature review about the role of trust in regulatory regimes, especially the lack of empirical studies about the relation between public-sector regulators and public-sector regulated organisations as well as the scarcity of research considering dynamics of trust (i.e. trust among certain actors influencing trust among other actors, or trust at time-1 depending on actors’ attitudes and behaviours since time-0). This book review concludes that buying ‘Trust in regulatory regimes’ is a crucial step for all scholars and students interested in trust and regulation, after having suggested further avenues for future research on this topic.
{"title":"Trust in Regulatory Regimes, by F. Six and K. Verhoest, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar, 2017","authors":"Stéphane Moyson","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1364028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1364028","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Starting from the assumption that citizens’ trust toward providers of goods and services depends on their trust in the regulators of those providers, ‘Trust in regulatory regimes’ offers an analytical framework to look at ‘polycentric regimes’ of regulators, regulated organisations, and citizens. The empirical chapters address several issues identified in a literature review about the role of trust in regulatory regimes, especially the lack of empirical studies about the relation between public-sector regulators and public-sector regulated organisations as well as the scarcity of research considering dynamics of trust (i.e. trust among certain actors influencing trust among other actors, or trust at time-1 depending on actors’ attitudes and behaviours since time-0). This book review concludes that buying ‘Trust in regulatory regimes’ is a crucial step for all scholars and students interested in trust and regulation, after having suggested further avenues for future research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"226 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1364028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47242030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1354766
Steen Vallentin, N. Thygesen
ABSTRACT This paper provides an analysis of trust-based management reform in the Danish public sector from the point of view of the trust–control nexus. Based on a qualitative case study of home care in the municipality of Copenhagen we argue that a complementary view of trust and control is superior to a substitution view when it comes to accounting for public sector reform as structure and process. Also, we propose a widening of the theoretical lens in the form of an emergent view of how trust and control, instead of being beforehand determinable and more or less stable identities, emerge in multiple and singular ways from multiple events in the organisation. Noticing a dearth of research that explicitly addresses trust issues with regard to public sector management and organisation, the paper is a response to the call for more studies of trust as an institutionally embedded phenomenon.
{"title":"Trust and control in public sector reform: Complementarity and beyond","authors":"Steen Vallentin, N. Thygesen","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1354766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1354766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides an analysis of trust-based management reform in the Danish public sector from the point of view of the trust–control nexus. Based on a qualitative case study of home care in the municipality of Copenhagen we argue that a complementary view of trust and control is superior to a substitution view when it comes to accounting for public sector reform as structure and process. Also, we propose a widening of the theoretical lens in the form of an emergent view of how trust and control, instead of being beforehand determinable and more or less stable identities, emerge in multiple and singular ways from multiple events in the organisation. Noticing a dearth of research that explicitly addresses trust issues with regard to public sector management and organisation, the paper is a response to the call for more studies of trust as an institutionally embedded phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"150 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1354766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1380912
Guido Möllering
At the Journal of Trust Research's (JTR) Editorial Board Meeting in Atlanta on 6 August 2017, we had a thoughtful discussion, once again, on whom we see as our main audience and community. It is a ...
{"title":"Cultivating the field of trust research","authors":"Guido Möllering","doi":"10.1080/21515581.2017.1380912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1380912","url":null,"abstract":"At the Journal of Trust Research's (JTR) Editorial Board Meeting in Atlanta on 6 August 2017, we had a thoughtful discussion, once again, on whom we see as our main audience and community. It is a ...","PeriodicalId":44602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trust Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"107 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21515581.2017.1380912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41391144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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