Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66721
Emmanuel Corneille Seminega, M. Nginye
Online learning is the fastest growing trend in education. It has fundamentally changed the way people learn, communicate and do business. Its adoption at various levels of education can greatly transform the nature of education including “where” and “how” education takes place and the roles of students and the teachers in the learning process. Therefore information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a powerful tool for extending education opportunities, to previously disadvantaged areas which include: scattered rural populations traditionally excluded from education due to cultural or social reasons such as ethnic minorities and gender. The use of computers (or even mobile phones) as tutors for drill and practice and instructional delivery combined with traditional instruction can result in increased learning which will be evidenced in students learning more quickly, demonstrating greater retention and being better motivated to learn. The objective of this study is twofold: To find out the benefits of ICT in teaching of languages and also whether the teaching of languages online faces particular challenges as compared to other subjects, the study case being Moi University. Key words e-learning, language, m-learning
{"title":"Online Teaching of Languages: A case study of Moi University, Kenya.","authors":"Emmanuel Corneille Seminega, M. Nginye","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66721","url":null,"abstract":"Online learning is the fastest growing trend in education. It has fundamentally changed the way people learn, communicate and do business. Its adoption at various levels of education can greatly transform the nature of education including “where” and “how” education takes place and the roles of students and the teachers in the learning process. Therefore information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a powerful tool for extending education opportunities, to previously disadvantaged areas which include: scattered rural populations traditionally excluded from education due to cultural or social reasons such as ethnic minorities and gender. The use of computers (or even mobile phones) as tutors for drill and practice and instructional delivery combined with traditional instruction can result in increased learning which will be evidenced in students learning more quickly, demonstrating greater retention and being better motivated to learn. The objective of this study is twofold: To find out the benefits of ICT in teaching of languages and also whether the teaching of languages online faces particular challenges as compared to other subjects, the study case being Moi University. Key words e-learning, language, m-learning","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125020812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41788
Martin C. Njoroge
Education is an empowering process that enables those who have been marginalized in the social, economic, political and cultural spheres to claim their status as fully participating members of the society. Nevertheless, about 300,000 street children in Kenya have had no formal education and are not proficient in the two languages used – English (official language) and Swahili (national language)- languages in which vital information leading to improved livelihoods and participation in national development is available. Drawing evidence from an ongoing study on the literacy and numeracy needs of street children in Kenya, I argue that street children need to be equipped with appropriate knowledge through acquisition of numeracy, language and literacy skills for them to be fully empowered to be able to participate in the country's development. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 244-254
教育是一个赋予权力的过程，使那些在社会、经济、政治和文化领域处于边缘地位的人能够要求他们作为充分参与社会的成员的地位。然而，肯尼亚约有30万街头儿童没有接受过正规教育，也不精通所使用的两种语言——英语(官方语言)和斯瓦希里语(国语)——这两种语言是改善生计和参与国家发展的重要信息。根据正在进行的一项关于肯尼亚街头儿童识字和算术需求的研究，我认为街头儿童需要通过获得算术、语言和识字技能来掌握适当的知识，使他们能够充分参与国家的发展。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 244-254
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The general objective of this study was to identify the extrinsic factors affect employee job satisfaction at the Faith based organizations. For the research methodology, the study used the descriptive research design. The population for the study was the 161 employees of the Nairobi Chapel. Stratified random sampling technique was used to determine the sample size for the study. A sample size of 49 members was obtained from the population. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A correlation analysis was computed to determine the association between extrinsic factors and job satisfaction. The results showed significant correlations between good relations with coworkers and job security and job satisfaction. Keywords : Job satisfaction, clergy, extrinsic motivation, extrinsic factors
{"title":"EXTRINSIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN FAITH BASED ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"T. Linge, Jane Mutinda","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V6I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V6I1","url":null,"abstract":"The general objective of this study was to identify the extrinsic factors affect employee job satisfaction at the Faith based organizations. For the research methodology, the study used the descriptive research design. The population for the study was the 161 employees of the Nairobi Chapel. Stratified random sampling technique was used to determine the sample size for the study. A sample size of 49 members was obtained from the population. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A correlation analysis was computed to determine the association between extrinsic factors and job satisfaction. The results showed significant correlations between good relations with coworkers and job security and job satisfaction. Keywords : Job satisfaction, clergy, extrinsic motivation, extrinsic factors","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126349373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sungwa Ndagabwene, B. Chachage, A. Kipacha, G. Malima
This research deployed Roger’s innovation diffusion theory to study the adoption of mobile phone services for data collection and report submission among health workers in Rungwe district – Tanzania. Many respondents agreed that, the adoption of mobile phone services for report submission is cheap (73.36%), easy (77.39%), quick (74.4%), can be done at anytime (78.89%), and can allow provision of other services (78.39%). Similarly majority of respondents agreed that, adoption of mobile phone services will be compatible with their employer (64.32%), nature of work (73.37%), and level of education (64.82%). However, almost half of respondents disagreed to the concept that adoption of mobile phone services for report submission will be compatible to their monthly salary income (48.25%) and monthly mobile phone operating cost (47.24%). On complexities associated with the adoption of mobile phone services for report submission, most respondents are able to use mobile phone voice calls (78.78%) and SMS (82.41%). Majority of respondents are unable to use the internet (44.72%) and MMS (48.24%). Trialability of daily and weekly HIMS data was favoured by majority of respondents with 68.33% and 65.32% agreement respectively. Trialability of monthly, quarterly and annual HIMS data was not favoured by majority of respondents with the disagreement of 52.26%, 56.78% and 61.30%, respectively. The findings of the study illustrated that, adoption of mobile phone services for report submission will have observability features such as improved frequency of submission (62.81%), timely submitted report (60.30%), other field using the same technology (64.32%) and other staff using the same technology (66.83%). Correlation analysis of the study data showed that the age category, type of health facility, and employment age were positively correlated but not significant with adoption of mobile phone services for report submission. Monthly salary category and monthly mobile phone costs were inversely correlated with adoption of mobile services for report submission. Only 0.3% of variance in adoption of mobile phone services for report submission was accounted by the regressed demographic variables. Key words: Mobile Phones, Health Information Communication, m-health workers
{"title":"DIFFUSING MOBILE PHONES FOR HEALTH INFORMATION COMMUNICATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO REPORT SUBMISSION AMONG HEALTH WORKERS IN RUNGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA","authors":"Sungwa Ndagabwene, B. Chachage, A. Kipacha, G. Malima","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V7I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V7I1","url":null,"abstract":"This research deployed Roger’s innovation diffusion theory to study the adoption of mobile phone services for data collection and report submission among health workers in Rungwe district – Tanzania. Many respondents agreed that, the adoption of mobile phone services for report submission is cheap (73.36%), easy (77.39%), quick (74.4%), can be done at anytime (78.89%), and can allow provision of other services (78.39%). Similarly majority of respondents agreed that, adoption of mobile phone services will be compatible with their employer (64.32%), nature of work (73.37%), and level of education (64.82%). However, almost half of respondents disagreed to the concept that adoption of mobile phone services for report submission will be compatible to their monthly salary income (48.25%) and monthly mobile phone operating cost (47.24%). On complexities associated with the adoption of mobile phone services for report submission, most respondents are able to use mobile phone voice calls (78.78%) and SMS (82.41%). Majority of respondents are unable to use the internet (44.72%) and MMS (48.24%). Trialability of daily and weekly HIMS data was favoured by majority of respondents with 68.33% and 65.32% agreement respectively. Trialability of monthly, quarterly and annual HIMS data was not favoured by majority of respondents with the disagreement of 52.26%, 56.78% and 61.30%, respectively. The findings of the study illustrated that, adoption of mobile phone services for report submission will have observability features such as improved frequency of submission (62.81%), timely submitted report (60.30%), other field using the same technology (64.32%) and other staff using the same technology (66.83%). Correlation analysis of the study data showed that the age category, type of health facility, and employment age were positively correlated but not significant with adoption of mobile phone services for report submission. Monthly salary category and monthly mobile phone costs were inversely correlated with adoption of mobile services for report submission. Only 0.3% of variance in adoption of mobile phone services for report submission was accounted by the regressed demographic variables. Key words: Mobile Phones, Health Information Communication, m-health workers","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41782
P. Abakah, C. Marfo
This paper examines the relationship between literature and culture through seminal effort exhibited in two plays; Anowa and The Marriage of Anansewa by Ama Atta Aidoo and Efua Sutherland respectively. With various discourse in the plays, we strive to analyse the link between literature and culture. The paper begins with a discussion of some theories of culture and literature and, per what is presented in the two plays, proceeds to establish the relationship between culture and literature. We observe that these foremost female writers are using drama to construct icons and symbols for women in particular and as a way of raising the consciousness of society or mankind in general about certain practises that affect women in particular in one way or another. Most importantly however, among other things, we also discuss the use of literature as a means of teaching acceptable cultural practices and also as a means of criticising unfavourable aspects of a particular culture. In a nutshell, we contend that literature can be used as a tool to sensitize a group of people and to teach and sustain essential socio-cultural practises. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 175-186
本文通过两部剧作的开创性努力来考察文学与文化的关系;Anowa和Anansewa的婚姻分别由AmaAtta Aidoo和Efua Sutherland撰写。通过戏剧中的各种话语，我们努力分析文学与文化之间的联系。本文首先对文化与文学的一些理论进行了探讨，并根据两部剧作的表现，确立了文化与文学的关系。我们注意到，这些最重要的女性作家正在使用戏剧来构建女性的形象和象征，并以此作为一种提高社会或人类对某些行为的意识的方式，这些行为以某种方式影响着女性。然而，最重要的是，除其他事项外，我们还讨论了文学作为教授可接受的文化习俗的手段，以及作为批评特定文化中不利方面的手段的使用。简而言之，我们认为文学可以作为一种工具，使一群人变得敏感，并教授和维持必要的社会文化实践。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 175-186
{"title":"Expresssing culture through drama: a reading of Anowa and the marriage of Anansewa","authors":"P. Abakah, C. Marfo","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41782","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between literature and culture through\u0000seminal effort exhibited in two plays; Anowa and The Marriage of Anansewa by Ama\u0000Atta Aidoo and Efua Sutherland respectively. With various discourse in the plays,\u0000we strive to analyse the link between literature and culture. The paper begins\u0000with a discussion of some theories of culture and literature and, per what is\u0000presented in the two plays, proceeds to establish the relationship between culture\u0000and literature. We observe that these foremost female writers are using drama\u0000to construct icons and symbols for women in particular and as a way of raising\u0000the consciousness of society or mankind in general about certain practises that\u0000affect women in particular in one way or another. Most importantly however,\u0000among other things, we also discuss the use of literature as a means of teaching\u0000acceptable cultural practices and also as a means of criticising unfavourable\u0000aspects of a particular culture. In a nutshell, we contend that literature can be\u0000used as a tool to sensitize a group of people and to teach and sustain essential\u0000socio-cultural practises. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 175-186","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"22 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116113338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M-payments, which refer to payments over a mobile device, have not taken off as fast as expected in Tanzania, especially in the case of Zantel Telecommunication Company. The slow adoption rate raises many questions about what drives consumer behaviour. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing the intention to use Zantel’s Z-pesa services. The methodology used to conduct this study included the review of the literature and primary data comprising 120 customers using a questionnaire, 10 customers were subjected to a telephone interview and one person from Management at Zantel was interviewed. Analysis of the findings revealed that there were several factors that hinder the adoption and usage of Z-pesa service: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived cost, perceived mobility, perceived trust and perceived expressiveness. The study concludes with recommendations to address the challenges facing adoption and usage of Z-pesa services. They include: recruitment of more agents countrywide to make the service more available and accessible, instalment of new technology that allow users of M-payment services to access cash through automated teller machine (ATMs), investment in state of the art technology to minimize or eliminate system failures or network problems, frequent training and support to Z-pesa agents to overcome operational problems and recruitment of more companies to accept Z-pesa payments. Keywords: Mobile payments, Influencing factors, Technology Usage, Z-pesa
{"title":"Depression As A Cause of Suicide","authors":"Dismas Anthony, Darlene K. Mutalemwa","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V5I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V5I2","url":null,"abstract":"M-payments, which refer to payments over a mobile device, have not taken off as fast as expected in Tanzania, especially in the case of Zantel Telecommunication Company. The slow adoption rate raises many questions about what drives consumer behaviour. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing the intention to use Zantel’s Z-pesa services. The methodology used to conduct this study included the review of the literature and primary data comprising 120 customers using a questionnaire, 10 customers were subjected to a telephone interview and one person from Management at Zantel was interviewed. Analysis of the findings revealed that there were several factors that hinder the adoption and usage of Z-pesa service: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived cost, perceived mobility, perceived trust and perceived expressiveness. The study concludes with recommendations to address the challenges facing adoption and usage of Z-pesa services. They include: recruitment of more agents countrywide to make the service more available and accessible, instalment of new technology that allow users of M-payment services to access cash through automated teller machine (ATMs), investment in state of the art technology to minimize or eliminate system failures or network problems, frequent training and support to Z-pesa agents to overcome operational problems and recruitment of more companies to accept Z-pesa payments. Keywords: Mobile payments, Influencing factors, Technology Usage, Z-pesa","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":" September","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113946970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a review of organisational development change process and design of organisational development interventions (ODIs) in the context of millennial and post millennial employees. Data was collected through a desk top literature survey of primary and secondary data from millennial and post millennial studies as well as a review of primary and secondary data from scientific research on change management and organisational development. The review found that for effective successful change, organisations need to be cognisant of theory E and theory O of change. Organisations must diligently apply the organisational development four-stage process of “Entering and contracting”, “Diagnosing”, “Planning and implementing change” and “Evaluating and Institutionalizing Change”. The review also found that the millennial (Generation Y) employees are not the only problem affecting the future of the workplace and recommends for further research to be done on the impact of the post millennial (Generation Z) employees and the 4th industrial revolution on the future of the workplace.Key Words: Millennials, Generation Z, Change, Organization Development
{"title":"Millennials and Generation Z Employees are here: Is your Organization ready?","authors":"J. Otieno, S. Nyambegera","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a review of organisational development change process and design of organisational development interventions (ODIs) in the context of millennial and post millennial employees. Data was collected through a desk top literature survey of primary and secondary data from millennial and post millennial studies as well as a review of primary and secondary data from scientific research on change management and organisational development. The review found that for effective successful change, organisations need to be cognisant of theory E and theory O of change. Organisations must diligently apply the organisational development four-stage process of “Entering and contracting”, “Diagnosing”, “Planning and implementing change” and “Evaluating and Institutionalizing Change”. The review also found that the millennial (Generation Y) employees are not the only problem affecting the future of the workplace and recommends for further research to be done on the impact of the post millennial (Generation Z) employees and the 4th industrial revolution on the future of the workplace.Key Words: Millennials, Generation Z, Change, Organization Development","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115098512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing interest in the women participation in business ventures in Africa. The move has seen huge endorsements of capital from donors, governments and private sector to entrepreneurial development among women. Despite these efforts business growth among women entrepreneurs seems to be slower than is the case with their male counter parts. Studies that have so far been conducted in Africa have been focusing much on emancipating women from various social cultural and economic barriers. Negotiation is very important in business success. This article explores women entrepreneurs’ business negotiations practices in Tanzania agribusiness. Purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the respondents to participate in the study. The study employed interview-administered questionnaire and 131 women small-scale entrepreneurs involved in selling of agri-food participated in the study. Descriptive analysis employed and data were analysed by using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) window 16.0. In general study indicates that women lack soft skills during business negotiations and feel shy when negotiate with their male counter parts. For the growth of the business owned by women some advice were provided for building business negotiation skills of entrepreneurs. Key words: Tanzania, negotiation, and women small-scale entrepreneurs
{"title":"Analysis of Women Small Scale Entrepreneurs Practices during Business Negotiations in Tanzania Agribusiness","authors":"F. Nandonde, P. Liana","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V4I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V4I2","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in the women participation in business ventures in Africa. The move has seen huge endorsements of capital from donors, governments and private sector to entrepreneurial development among women. Despite these efforts business growth among women entrepreneurs seems to be slower than is the case with their male counter parts. Studies that have so far been conducted in Africa have been focusing much on emancipating women from various social cultural and economic barriers. Negotiation is very important in business success. This article explores women entrepreneurs’ business negotiations practices in Tanzania agribusiness. Purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the respondents to participate in the study. The study employed interview-administered questionnaire and 131 women small-scale entrepreneurs involved in selling of agri-food participated in the study. Descriptive analysis employed and data were analysed by using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) window 16.0. In general study indicates that women lack soft skills during business negotiations and feel shy when negotiate with their male counter parts. For the growth of the business owned by women some advice were provided for building business negotiation skills of entrepreneurs. Key words: Tanzania, negotiation, and women small-scale entrepreneurs","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121709624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41755
B. Mwangi
In the last two decades Africa and particularly Kenya has experienced an exponential growth of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). This is attributed to the fact that they are established to solve immediate humanitarian problems that result from war, famine, poverty and bad governance in most countries in Africa. Given the magnitude of the resultant social challenges, NGOs have in time grown to control immense amounts of financial resources. It is therefore pertinent that they not only account for their social activities but also for these financial resources. The focus of this discussion is on the accounting of these funds and specifically in the area of depreciation. In an attempt to establish rules and regulations that ensure that NGOs account for their financial resources business accounting principles and standards have largely been prescribed for the accounting and auditing of NGOs. And this has been without due consideration of the significant differences between the nature of operation of NGOs and business enterprises. One of the major differences is that the core business of NGOs is to provide humanitarian services which are not measurable in monetary terms, while that of business enterprises is to carry out activities that will generate profit and subsequently increase the wealth of owners of the business. Keywords : Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), business enterprise, accounting principles, accounting standards, auditing, accountability. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 23-35
在过去的二十年里，非洲，特别是肯尼亚经历了非政府组织(ngo)的指数级增长。这是因为它们的建立是为了解决非洲大多数国家因战争、饥荒、贫困和治理不善而导致的直接人道主义问题。鉴于由此带来的巨大社会挑战，非政府组织逐渐发展到控制着大量的财政资源。因此，他们不仅要说明他们的社会活动，还要说明这些财政资源，这是相关的。本次讨论的重点是这些资金的会计处理，特别是在折旧方面。为了建立规章制度，确保非政府组织对其财务资源进行核算，企业会计原则和准则在很大程度上被规定用于非政府组织的会计和审计。这还没有考虑到非政府组织与商业企业在经营性质上的显著差异。其中一个主要的区别是，非政府组织的核心业务是提供人道主义服务，这是无法用金钱衡量的，而商业企业的核心业务是开展能够产生利润的活动，从而增加企业所有者的财富。关键词:非政府组织，企业，会计原则，会计准则，审计，问责制《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 23-35
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41777
J. Jefwa
Many learning institutions are now designed to cater to the needs of students and staff from different cultures. The United States International University (USIU) in Kenya is no different. It provides learning opportunities to learners from different nations and regions of the world. When these learners and other staff come into the new culture, they often experience culture shock because the culture they now embrace is different from what they have been socialized into back in their own culture. This paper examines the extent to which differences in cultural orientations affect learners' abilities to pursue academic programs effectively. We interviewed only a small number of learners since we were interested more in the narrational data and in few instances used statistical evidence. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 120-128
现在许多学习机构的设计都是为了满足来自不同文化背景的学生和员工的需求。肯尼亚的美国国际大学(USIU)也不例外。它为来自世界不同国家和地区的学习者提供了学习机会。当这些学习者和其他员工进入一个新的文化时，他们经常会经历文化冲击，因为他们现在接受的文化与他们在自己的文化中被社会化的文化不同。本文考察了文化取向差异在多大程度上影响学习者有效追求学术课程的能力。我们只采访了一小部分学习者，因为我们对叙述性数据更感兴趣，在少数情况下使用了统计证据。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 120-128
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