Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61523
C. Ndung’u
Speech and language are key issues for all human beings because it is through them that people share feelings, ideas and emotions. The Down's Syndrome children have been defined as those who have deficits in physical features and are mentally retarded. Their mental incapability bring about delays in speech and language development. The social development theory by Vigotsky informed this study. The theory states that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development. Since language is a cognitive aspect, it can therefore develop effectively as children interact with the society. Down Syndrome children in rural settings were found to develop speech and language much slower than their counterparts in urban settings. This was because they were denied interaction with others especially in school due to the stigma attached to mental handicapping conditions in the society they lived. This was found to deprive them of important social, economic, political and cultural benefits since speech and language are key to socialization and education. I argue that interventions concerning the speech and language development of Down Syndrome children need to be applied uniformly in both rural and urban settings, to enable all Down Syndrome children be prepared to become active participants in nation building later in life when they become adults. Key words: Downs syndrome, education, children, Kenya
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61524
Emmanuel Kambaja Musampa
Je me suis servi de deux medias pour la collecte des donnees que je soumets, dans cet article, a l'analyse pragmatique cognitive. Cette analyse s'inscrit dans un des paradigmes cognitifs appele « la theorie de pertinence » de Dan Sperber et Deirdre Wilson. Au terme de notre etude, les resultats theoriques suivants ont ete obtenus : de prime abord, les metaphores, en tant que modes de pensee, traversent le radiojournal en kiswahili. Au cours de celui-ci, le journaliste recourt aux metaphores du contenant, aux metaphores ontologiques, aux metaphores metonymiques, aux metaphores d'orientation, pour ne citer que celles-ci. Ensuite, ces constructions metaphoriques sont utilisees dans le radiojournal non pas pour les referents auxquels elles renvoient en eux-memes, mais pour leur valeur emblematique, au nom de la ressemblance interpretative entre les domaines sources et les domaines cibles. Enfin, dans chacune de ces metaphores, la conceptualisation tient compte des traits contextuels pertinents. Pour construire chacune des metaphores en kiswahili, le journaliste recourt au savoir mutuellement partage par les membres de la communaute congolaise (R.D.C.) a laquelle est destinee l'information. Mots-cles : Metaphore, conceptualisation, ressemblance interpretative, domaine cible, domaine source, kiswahili.
{"title":"Cognition et metaphores dans le radiojournals en Kiswahili. Cas de Radio Okapi","authors":"Emmanuel Kambaja Musampa","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61524","url":null,"abstract":"Je me suis servi de deux medias pour la collecte des donnees que je soumets, dans cet article, a l'analyse pragmatique cognitive. Cette analyse s'inscrit dans un des paradigmes cognitifs appele « la theorie de pertinence » de Dan Sperber et Deirdre Wilson. Au terme de notre etude, les resultats theoriques suivants ont ete obtenus : de prime abord, les metaphores, en tant que modes de pensee, traversent le radiojournal en kiswahili. Au cours de celui-ci, le journaliste recourt aux metaphores du contenant, aux metaphores ontologiques, aux metaphores metonymiques, aux metaphores d'orientation, pour ne citer que celles-ci. Ensuite, ces constructions metaphoriques sont utilisees dans le radiojournal non pas pour les referents auxquels elles renvoient en eux-memes, mais pour leur valeur emblematique, au nom de la ressemblance interpretative entre les domaines sources et les domaines cibles. Enfin, dans chacune de ces metaphores, la conceptualisation tient compte des traits contextuels pertinents. Pour construire chacune des metaphores en kiswahili, le journaliste recourt au savoir mutuellement partage par les membres de la communaute congolaise (R.D.C.) a laquelle est destinee l'information. Mots-cles : Metaphore, conceptualisation, ressemblance interpretative, domaine cible, domaine source, kiswahili.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52005
M. Munene
There is a lot of curiosity on the direction that the relationship between Africa and the United States, which has, at times, been hostile and disappointing, amusing and inspirational, will take because of Obama's unusual background. He is a product, and a beneficiary, of the success of anti-colonial and civil rights struggles in Africa and the United States although he has little first hand knowledge of those struggles either as a victim or a victimizer. With an African father and an American mother, he is the first African-American to become president. Essentially a child of two worlds, he prefers the world of America as opposed to that of Africa. Key words : Obama, Presidency, Africa, Expectations
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41783
Oscar Macharia Maina
felt threatened by the eventuality of death, inculcating in them a fear so great that all possible strategies are engaged in the search for an avenue that would prepare them for this eventuality. A careful exploration of human activities surrounding the issues of death and immortality reveals an obsession with the expression of the possibility of defeating death through the artistic act. Art functions as the arena where human beings can mock, jeer, and repudiate mortality. Indeed, death is a central conundrum in philosophical, literary and even religious arguments that focus on human identity and reality. The usefulness of literature in exposing human fears, aspirations and desires is emphasized as literature functions as the meeting point where all manner of philosophies are presented and debated. In examining how the motifs of death and immortality are represented in the artistic act, it is imperative that this article draws from a wide range of genres. Apparently, both oral and written forms of human expression, as well as metaphysical, fantastic and mythic representations of the cultural text have been taken into consideration. The revelation is that we rely on art to express even our deepest fears, and we reciprocate by giving art an immortal status. This results in an interdependence that combines to defeat the abrasiveness of mortality. Also, this symbiotic relationship accords the creative act a pivotal role for it gives death a form and a face, making it easier for us to deal with it and assume a privileged psychological standpoint. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 187-197
感到死亡的威胁，向他们灌输一种巨大的恐惧，以至于所有可能的策略都在寻找一种途径，让他们为死亡的到来做好准备。对围绕死亡和不朽问题的人类活动的仔细探索揭示了一种对通过艺术行为表达战胜死亡可能性的痴迷。艺术的功能是人类可以嘲笑、嘲笑和否定不朽的舞台。事实上，死亡是哲学、文学甚至宗教争论的核心难题，这些争论关注的是人类的身份和现实。文学在揭示人类的恐惧、愿望和欲望方面的有用性被强调，因为文学的功能是作为各种哲学被提出和辩论的交汇点。在研究死亡和不朽的主题如何在艺术行为中表现出来时，本文必须从广泛的流派中汲取灵感。显然，口头和书面的人类表达形式，以及文化文本的形而上的、幻想的和神话的表现形式都被考虑在内。启示是，我们依靠艺术来表达甚至是我们最深的恐惧，而作为回报，我们赋予艺术不朽的地位。这导致了一种相互依赖，这种相互依赖结合在一起，战胜了死亡的残酷。此外，这种共生关系赋予了创造性行为一个关键的角色，因为它给了死亡一个形式和一个面孔，使我们更容易处理它，并采取一种特殊的心理立场。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 187-197
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51998
Marion Mbogo
Micro-business enterprises in the developing world are increasingly deploying the use of mobile payments to enhance the quality of their services and increase growth. The pace of transformation in the micro business sector has speeded up with more micro businesses realizing the potential of using the mobile payments in their service delivery. However, there are only a handful of studies on the application of digital technology for success and growth on micro business. This paper aims to investigate the success factors attributable to the use of mobile payments by micro-business operators. The study is based on a survey conducted through administration of questionnaires. The data was collected from a sample of 409 micro business entrepreneurs in Nairobi, Kenya. The study applies the Theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which was extended to include other factors to help us predict success and growth in micro-businesses. Analyses of the data reveal that convenience of the money transfer technology plus its accessibility, cost, support and security factors are related to behavioral intention to use and actual usage of the mobile payment services by the micro businesses to enhance their success and growth. Keywords : Mobile payment, M-Pesa, micro business, technology acceptance, business success.
发展中国家的微型企业正越来越多地使用移动支付来提高服务质量并促进增长。随着越来越多的微商意识到移动支付在服务中的潜力，微商领域的转型步伐加快。然而，关于数字技术在微商成功与成长中的应用的研究却寥寥无几。本文旨在研究微商运营商使用移动支付的成功因素。这项研究是基于一项通过问卷管理进行的调查。这些数据是从肯尼亚内罗毕409名微型企业企业家的样本中收集的。本研究运用技术接受模型理论(Theory of Technology Acceptance Model, TAM)，将其扩展到包括其他因素，以帮助我们预测微型企业的成功和成长。数据分析表明，转账技术的便利性、可及性、成本、支持和安全等因素与微商使用移动支付服务的行为意愿和实际使用情况有关，从而促进微商的成功和成长。关键词:移动支付，M-Pesa，微商，技术接受，商业成功
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41778
D. Adeyemi
This paper reviews the role of language in addressing issues of instruction and diversity towards the achievement of the aims of basic education in Botswana. It also examines the role of indigenous languages in instruction in promoting and sustaining national educational goals as well as the development of a functional citizen. It further reviews the Botswana language in education policy and its implementation. The failures, inconsistencies between policy and practice, and real obstacles are discussed. The need for compromise in the implementation of mother tongue instruction and its implications for literacy are discussed. Finally, suggestions for implementation of mother tongue instruction and model are outlined to ensure that government responds to the needs of her citizens, in the continuous efforts at mobilizing the people for national unity and sustainable development Keywords : Language, Policy, Mother Tongue, Instruction, Bilingual Education, Sustainable Development Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 129-142
本文回顾了语言在解决博茨瓦纳基础教育目标的教学和多样性问题中的作用。它还研究了土著语言在促进和维持国家教育目标以及培养称职公民方面的教学作用。它进一步审查了博茨瓦纳语言在教育政策及其实施中的作用。讨论了失败、政策与实践的不一致和现实障碍。本文讨论了在实施母语教学时妥协的必要性及其对读写能力的影响。最后，提出了实施母语教学和模式的建议，以确保政府在持续努力中响应公民的需求，为国家团结和可持续发展而努力。关键词:语言，政策，母语，教学，双语教育，可持续发展。《非洲语言，科技与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 129-142
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41785
J. Kinyanjui
When individuals go through events that threaten their lives or the lives of those they love, it is traumatic. The trauma leaves in its wake a group of symptoms that, if not addressed, lead to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Even with PTSD's severe stress reactions, individuals have to continue-though extremely hard-functioning. How do they do it? What do they rely on to cope despite the painful condition they live with day in and day out? This research analyzed 16 verbatim accounts of torture and highlights how these individual coped. How did they make sense of what had happened to them? What informed their resilience? It is important as it can point out what those who do not develop PTSD are doing to avoid succumbing to the disorder. We might be able to ‘pick' all the coping strategies of those who did not develop PTSD and use these to teach individuals effective ways of coping with trauma. The results of the study reveal that what people think about what happens to them as well as the attitude they adapt influences their coping strategies with the trauma. This idea could be used to teach people how to make sense of the awful events that happen to them and how to generate meaning from arbitrary and senseless events that happen and traumatize them. Keywords : PTSD, Coping, Trauma. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 208-217
当个人经历威胁到他们或他们所爱之人生命的事件时，这是一种创伤。创伤过后会留下一系列症状，如果不加以处理，就会导致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。即使有严重的应激反应，个体也必须继续——尽管非常困难。他们是怎么做到的?尽管他们日复一日地生活在痛苦之中，他们依靠什么来应对?这项研究分析了16个关于酷刑的逐字记录，并强调了这些人是如何应对的。他们如何理解发生在他们身上的事情?是什么影响了他们的韧性?它很重要，因为它可以指出那些没有患上创伤后应激障碍的人是如何避免患上这种疾病的。我们也许能够“挑选”那些没有患PTSD的人的所有应对策略，并用这些策略来教个人有效地应对创伤。研究结果表明，人们对发生在他们身上的事情的看法以及他们适应的态度会影响他们应对创伤的策略。这个想法可以用来教人们如何理解发生在他们身上的可怕事件，以及如何从发生和创伤他们的任意和毫无意义的事件中产生意义。关键词:PTSD，应对，创伤。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 208-217
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51987
D. Adeyemi
It is often the case that teachers grapple with approaches to classroom instruction at all levels of education. Generally, educators and students are used to the delivery of instruction through the subject or the disciplinary approach. Teachers and researchers are today arguing for the use of more than one discipline to teach or clarify a concept or an issue by bringing forth the relationship and the contribution of various disciplines for a better understanding of the topic, theme or the content under study. This paper attempts to clarify the concepts of the disciplinary, interdisciplinary and the multidisciplinary/integrated approaches to instructional delivery. It also builds a rationale for the use of the interdisciplinary and the multidisciplinary approaches to instruction in Botswana schools. Finally, the paper provides a brief illustration of the teaching of a concept with the use of the multidisciplinary approaches with the attendant implications for pedagogy. Key Words: Rationale, Subject, Interdisciplinary, Multidisciplinary, Integration, Curriculum, Language.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61530
Assumptor Mukangi
This study was guided by two objectives. The first objective was to investigate which of the ordinal birth orders (one's chronological position with in their family of origin) was over represented within patients receiving treatment for addiction at a drugs rehabilitation centre. The second objective was to investigate whether psychological birth order (a person's perception of their ordinal birth order) was more prevalent in relation to substance related disorders. 28 male participants admitted in a rehabilitation centre were recruited for the study. Their age ranged from 18-50 years of age. The Psychological Birth Order Inventory (PBOI) by Campbell, White & Stewart (1991) was used to collect information concerning the participant's psychological birth order whilst Eckstein's 1977 ordinal birth order assessment question was used to derive information concerning the participants' ordinal position. In reference to the first objective, it was found that the youngest child was more likely to have a substance related disorder 33.3%, followed by the first and middle child who were just as likely to develop the disorder 28.6 % and lastly, an only child with a frequency of 7.6%. In the second objective, it was found that majority of the participants rated themselves as psychological first borns with a frequency score of 51.9%.This was followed by ratings of the psychological middle child 22.2% and the psychological only (11.1%) The interpretations and implications of the results have been discussed. Key words: psychology, birth order, performance, disorder
这项研究以两个目标为指导。第一个目标是调查在戒毒康复中心接受成瘾治疗的患者中，哪一种出生顺序(一个人在其原生家庭中的时间顺序)被过度代表。第二个目的是调查心理出生顺序(一个人对他们的正常出生顺序的感知)是否在与物质相关的疾病中更为普遍。这项研究招募了28名在康复中心接受治疗的男性参与者。他们的年龄从18岁到50岁不等。Campbell, White & Stewart(1991)的心理出生顺序量表(PBOI)被用来收集关于被试心理出生顺序的信息，而Eckstein(1977)的顺序出生顺序评估问题被用来获得关于被试顺序位置的信息。关于第一个目标，发现最小的孩子更有可能患有物质相关障碍33.3%，其次是第一个和中间的孩子，他们同样有可能患上这种疾病28.6%，最后是独生子女，频率为7.6%。在第二个目标中，发现大多数参与者认为自己是心理上的第一胎，频率得分为51.9%。其次是心理居中的孩子(22.2%)和仅心理居中的孩子(11.1%)。关键词:心理学，出生顺序，表现，障碍
{"title":"The role of birth order in substance related disorders","authors":"Assumptor Mukangi","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61530","url":null,"abstract":"This study was guided by two objectives. The first objective was to investigate which of the ordinal birth orders (one's chronological position with in their family of origin) was over represented within patients receiving treatment for addiction at a drugs rehabilitation centre. The second objective was to investigate whether psychological birth order (a person's perception of their ordinal birth order) was more prevalent in relation to substance related disorders. 28 male participants admitted in a rehabilitation centre were recruited for the study. Their age ranged from 18-50 years of age. The Psychological Birth Order Inventory (PBOI) by Campbell, White & Stewart (1991) was used to collect information concerning the participant's psychological birth order whilst Eckstein's 1977 ordinal birth order assessment question was used to derive information concerning the participants' ordinal position. In reference to the first objective, it was found that the youngest child was more likely to have a substance related disorder 33.3%, followed by the first and middle child who were just as likely to develop the disorder 28.6 % and lastly, an only child with a frequency of 7.6%. In the second objective, it was found that majority of the participants rated themselves as psychological first borns with a frequency score of 51.9%.This was followed by ratings of the psychological middle child 22.2% and the psychological only (11.1%) The interpretations and implications of the results have been discussed. Key words: psychology, birth order, performance, disorder","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114996041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41780
O. Onyango
The paper examines English and Kiswahili Code-switching (CS) in Kiss Fm and Easy Fm radio stations in Kenya.CS is a recently formed practice in Fm stations in Kenya. Liberalization of the air waves led to a shift in the language of broadcasting among the Fm anchors unlike the previous years when broadcasters used English exclusively .The new stations started switching language during their shows. Since then, several Fm stations have adopted CS during their programmes to communicate with the Fm listeners and various audiences. In this study, we examine the motivations of Fm anchors to code switch and whether the specific extralinguistic factors contribute to such code switching. Data from naturally- occurring conversations by four Fm anchors are analyzed within Blom and Gumperz (1972) interactional/Interpretative model. An attempt is also made to demonstrate that code-switching in Fm stations is influenced by extralinguistic factors.Fm anchors are found to use CS as a communication strategy employed for effective communication between Fm anchors and Fm listeners . The data set for this work came from four FM anchors in the two FM stations sampled through purposive sampling and ten Maseno University Student selected through snow ball sampling technique.. Keywords : codeswitching, FM, extralinguistics factors, media, FM achors, FM listeners, Kenya. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 151-159
本文考察了肯尼亚Kiss Fm和deasy Fm广播电台的英语和斯瓦希里语代码转换(CS)。CS是肯尼亚Fm电台最近形成的一种做法。广播频道的开放使得调频节目主持人的语言发生了变化，不像前几年只使用英语，新的电台开始在节目中切换语言。此后，多家调频电台在节目中采用电脑资讯科技，与调频听众和不同的观众沟通。在本研究中，我们考察了Fm主播进行语码转换的动机，以及特定的语言外因素是否有助于这种语码转换。在Blomand Gumperz(1972)的互动/解释模型中分析了四位Fm主播自然发生的对话数据。本文还试图证明调频电台的语码转换受到语言外因素的影响。调频主播使用CS作为调频主播和调频听众之间有效沟通的一种沟通策略。本工作的数据集来自两个调频电台的四位调频主播，通过目的抽样和通过雪球抽样技术选择的十位马塞诺大学学生。关键词:调频，调频，语言外因素，媒体，调频作者，调频听众，肯尼亚《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 151-159
{"title":"An exploration of extra linguistic factors of English – Kiswahili code switching in FM Industry in Kenya","authors":"O. Onyango","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41780","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines English and Kiswahili Code-switching (CS) in Kiss Fm and\u0000Easy Fm radio stations in Kenya.CS is a recently formed practice in Fm stations in\u0000Kenya. Liberalization of the air waves led to a shift in the language of broadcasting\u0000among the Fm anchors unlike the previous years when broadcasters used English\u0000exclusively .The new stations started switching language during their shows. Since\u0000then, several Fm stations have adopted CS during their programmes to communicate\u0000with the Fm listeners and various audiences.\u0000In this study, we examine the motivations of Fm anchors to code switch and whether\u0000the specific extralinguistic factors contribute to such code switching. Data from\u0000naturally- occurring conversations by four Fm anchors are analyzed within Blom\u0000and Gumperz (1972) interactional/Interpretative model.\u0000An attempt is also made to demonstrate that code-switching in Fm stations is\u0000influenced by extralinguistic factors.Fm anchors are found to use CS as a\u0000communication strategy employed for effective communication between Fm anchors\u0000and Fm listeners .\u0000The data set for this work came from four FM anchors in the two FM stations sampled\u0000through purposive sampling and ten Maseno University Student selected through\u0000snow ball sampling technique.. Keywords : codeswitching, FM, extralinguistics factors, media, FM achors, FM listeners, Kenya. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 151-159","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128760645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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