Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3533421
Mustafa Saglam;Fevzi Hansu
Determining the ignition and damping voltage values of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at various frequencies and in different gas ambients is important regarding lighting techniques and various industrial applications. DBDs can be operated with sinusoidal or square-wave currents between line frequency and microwave frequencies or with special pulsed waveforms. For large-scale industrial applications, power supplies operating between 500 Hz and 500 kHz are preferred. In this study, an experimental application was carried out to determine the current and voltage parameters in the damping and ignition of DBD at various frequencies and in different gas ambients. Within the scope of the study, the supply voltage was gradually applied at certain frequencies to the cylindrical plane electrode system placed in a specially designed closed and vacuumable reactor, these experiments were also repeated in various gas environments, and the voltage-current (V–I) measurements of the system were made. According to the results, it was observed that the frequency and gas type had a significant effect on the discharge damping and ignition voltages and that increasing the frequency significantly facilitated the ignition of the DBD. Similarly, the conductivity of the ambient gas significantly reduced the ignition voltage level of the DBD.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of High Frequency and Ambient Gas on Ignition and Damping of Barrier Discharge","authors":"Mustafa Saglam;Fevzi Hansu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3533421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3533421","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the ignition and damping voltage values of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at various frequencies and in different gas ambients is important regarding lighting techniques and various industrial applications. DBDs can be operated with sinusoidal or square-wave currents between line frequency and microwave frequencies or with special pulsed waveforms. For large-scale industrial applications, power supplies operating between 500 Hz and 500 kHz are preferred. In this study, an experimental application was carried out to determine the current and voltage parameters in the damping and ignition of DBD at various frequencies and in different gas ambients. Within the scope of the study, the supply voltage was gradually applied at certain frequencies to the cylindrical plane electrode system placed in a specially designed closed and vacuumable reactor, these experiments were also repeated in various gas environments, and the voltage-current (V–I) measurements of the system were made. According to the results, it was observed that the frequency and gas type had a significant effect on the discharge damping and ignition voltages and that increasing the frequency significantly facilitated the ignition of the DBD. Similarly, the conductivity of the ambient gas significantly reduced the ignition voltage level of the DBD.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"311-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cu is widely used to fabricate highly efficient conductive coatings in the power electronics industry due to its exceptional electrical and ductility. To achieve higher spraying speed and better Cu coating quality, this article deeply studied the method of accelerated plasma spraying (APS) based on electromagnetic pulse welding (EMPW). A multiphysical field simulation model was constructed to study the plasma and Cu powder motion processes. The electromagnetic parameters, temperature, and Cu powder velocity were obtained. The relationship between electrode parameters and the Lorentz force was obtained by combining the plasma equation of motion with numerical analysis. The velocity of the Cu powder motion was obtained through the capture of the spraying process. The findings revealed that the electrode spacing exerted an influence on the plasma motion. The simultaneous impact of the compression shock wave and the Lorentz force propelled the Cu powder, which remained in the solid state, toward the ceramic. The Cu powder speed reached 1024 m/s and the maximum Cu coating thickness of $140~mu $ m was obtained when the discharge voltage was 5 kV. This study elucidated the mechanism of APS based on EMPW, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for APS in mechanism analysis and future applications.
{"title":"Accelerated Plasma Spraying of Cu/Alumina Ceramics Based on Electromagnetic Pulse Welding: Simulation and Experiments","authors":"Chengxiang Li;Shiyu Weng;Chennan Xu;Dan Chen;Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3531962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3531962","url":null,"abstract":"Cu is widely used to fabricate highly efficient conductive coatings in the power electronics industry due to its exceptional electrical and ductility. To achieve higher spraying speed and better Cu coating quality, this article deeply studied the method of accelerated plasma spraying (APS) based on electromagnetic pulse welding (EMPW). A multiphysical field simulation model was constructed to study the plasma and Cu powder motion processes. The electromagnetic parameters, temperature, and Cu powder velocity were obtained. The relationship between electrode parameters and the Lorentz force was obtained by combining the plasma equation of motion with numerical analysis. The velocity of the Cu powder motion was obtained through the capture of the spraying process. The findings revealed that the electrode spacing exerted an influence on the plasma motion. The simultaneous impact of the compression shock wave and the Lorentz force propelled the Cu powder, which remained in the solid state, toward the ceramic. The Cu powder speed reached 1024 m/s and the maximum Cu coating thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$140~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m was obtained when the discharge voltage was 5 kV. This study elucidated the mechanism of APS based on EMPW, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for APS in mechanism analysis and future applications.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3533101
Arijit Bardhan Roy
Fabrication procedure and utilization of gold nanoparticles (NPs)-masked indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopillars using argon plasma etching was reported in this article. As we know that due to lack of substrate thickness, some fractions of photons are not absorbed by thin crystalline silicon solar cells. This issue may be answered by reported ITO nanopillar geometry embedded on top of the device provided by multiple bounces and super scattering of light. Further, this type of nanostructuring happened only on top of the anti-reflection coating (ARC), so it will be incapable to add on any surface recombination of generated carriers. In this work, the author applied this nanopillar geometry on top of the thin silicon heterojunction solar cell (p-type crystalline thin substrate with n-type amorphous layer) using Au-masked Argon plasma etching and some noticeable enhancement of short circuit current (approximately 50%) and output efficiency (more than 30%) was achieved compared to flat ITO coated cells. These values established the utilization of ITO nanopillars as an anti-reflective coating on thin c-Si solar cells through this reported study and these results also validated by electric field and integrated reflection-based profiles received from finite element method (FEM)-based simulation studies. Finally, at the end of this study, author prolifically realized thin c-Si-based solar cell with $20~pm ~5~mu $ m substrate thickness and an effective light management design offered by ITO nanopillars.
{"title":"Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticle-Masked ITO Nanopillars Using Argon Plasma Etching: Utilization and Application in the Thin c-Si Flexible Solar Cell","authors":"Arijit Bardhan Roy","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3533101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3533101","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication procedure and utilization of gold nanoparticles (NPs)-masked indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopillars using argon plasma etching was reported in this article. As we know that due to lack of substrate thickness, some fractions of photons are not absorbed by thin crystalline silicon solar cells. This issue may be answered by reported ITO nanopillar geometry embedded on top of the device provided by multiple bounces and super scattering of light. Further, this type of nanostructuring happened only on top of the anti-reflection coating (ARC), so it will be incapable to add on any surface recombination of generated carriers. In this work, the author applied this nanopillar geometry on top of the thin silicon heterojunction solar cell (p-type crystalline thin substrate with n-type amorphous layer) using Au-masked Argon plasma etching and some noticeable enhancement of short circuit current (approximately 50%) and output efficiency (more than 30%) was achieved compared to flat ITO coated cells. These values established the utilization of ITO nanopillars as an anti-reflective coating on thin c-Si solar cells through this reported study and these results also validated by electric field and integrated reflection-based profiles received from finite element method (FEM)-based simulation studies. Finally, at the end of this study, author prolifically realized thin c-Si-based solar cell with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~pm ~5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m substrate thickness and an effective light management design offered by ITO nanopillars.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3485530
Wayne Arter
Profiles of power deposition on the first wall of the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak experiment are fit by tracing an analytic representation for the distribution of power from midplane along lines of magnetic field. The technique is used to help design plasma-facing components (PFCs) in reactor-scale magnetic confinement devices; hence, understanding how to employ it both efficiently and accurately is important. Focusing on JET divertor geometry, the work examines the sensitivity of the integrated power and maximum power per PFC tile to the representation of the magnetic field and to the discretization of the tile’s own geometry and that of other PFCs. For design, it is helpful to reduce computation costs per realization to a few seconds of elapsed time, and the work concludes with recommendations and guidelines for minimizing cost while retaining adequate accuracy.
{"title":"Sensitivity Studies of Power Deposition Computed on Tokamak First Wall","authors":"Wayne Arter","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3485530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3485530","url":null,"abstract":"Profiles of power deposition on the first wall of the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak experiment are fit by tracing an analytic representation for the distribution of power from midplane along lines of magnetic field. The technique is used to help design plasma-facing components (PFCs) in reactor-scale magnetic confinement devices; hence, understanding how to employ it both efficiently and accurately is important. Focusing on JET divertor geometry, the work examines the sensitivity of the integrated power and maximum power per PFC tile to the representation of the magnetic field and to the discretization of the tile’s own geometry and that of other PFCs. For design, it is helpful to reduce computation costs per realization to a few seconds of elapsed time, and the work concludes with recommendations and guidelines for minimizing cost while retaining adequate accuracy.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"463-475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on gas discharge theory incorporating enhanced distorted electric fields, refines the delay calculation formula for three-electrode spark-gap switches, thereby improving the accuracy of theoretical predictions. Additionally, the relationships between the delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch and variations in trigger voltage, operating voltage, gas pressure, and main electrode spacing were comprehensively examined. From the perspective of microscopic particles, the physical mechanisms by which these factors influence breakdown delay and discharge jitter were elucidated. By comparing the magnitude of each factor’s impact, the most critical factors affecting the breakdown delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch under conditions using a TEA CO2 laser as a load were identified, and discharge jitter was further reduced. Experimental results indicate that the rise rates of operating voltage and trigger voltage are the key parameters affecting the delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch, while the influence of other factors is relatively minor. Furthermore, the corrected delay calculation formula aligns well with the experimental results. This research not only provides a reference for delay prediction but also offers a low-jitter solution for laser oscillator-amplifier systems based on synchronized pulse discharge.
{"title":"Delay and Jitter Characteristics of Fast-Triggered Cold Cathode Switches and Their Discharge Circuits","authors":"Zhaoxiang Wang;Guisheng Jiang;Yijun Zheng;Hongliang Ma;Yu Liu;Ziren Zhu;Yinhui Yang;Zefan Huang;Lin Chen;Rongqing Tan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3522338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3522338","url":null,"abstract":"Based on gas discharge theory incorporating enhanced distorted electric fields, refines the delay calculation formula for three-electrode spark-gap switches, thereby improving the accuracy of theoretical predictions. Additionally, the relationships between the delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch and variations in trigger voltage, operating voltage, gas pressure, and main electrode spacing were comprehensively examined. From the perspective of microscopic particles, the physical mechanisms by which these factors influence breakdown delay and discharge jitter were elucidated. By comparing the magnitude of each factor’s impact, the most critical factors affecting the breakdown delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch under conditions using a TEA CO2 laser as a load were identified, and discharge jitter was further reduced. Experimental results indicate that the rise rates of operating voltage and trigger voltage are the key parameters affecting the delay and jitter of the spark-gap switch, while the influence of other factors is relatively minor. Furthermore, the corrected delay calculation formula aligns well with the experimental results. This research not only provides a reference for delay prediction but also offers a low-jitter solution for laser oscillator-amplifier systems based on synchronized pulse discharge.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"276-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3525982
M. I. Nayeem;S. Biswas;M. K. Islam;M. Akel;S. Lee;M. A. Malek
A palm top plasma focus (PF) device (100 J, 5 kV, 59 kA, ~1.5 kg) with tapered anode was demonstrated in a study earlier by (Rout et al., 2013). To simulate that device, we use the Lee code (RADPFV5.16). The computed current trace is fit to Rout’s measured current trace at 2.25 Torr deuterium (${D} _{2}$ ) gas. The best-fit values of the model parameters are found as ${f}_{m} = 0.11, f_{c} = 0.73, f_{text {mr}} = 0.245, f_{text {cr}} = 0.78$ . Having fixed these parameters, the computed neutron yields (${Y} _{n}$ ) $6.12times 10^{4}, 1.72times 10^{4}$ , and $0.24times 10^{4}$ neutrons/shot are found to be comparable with the measured values ($5.2~pm ~0.8$ ) $times 10^{4}$ , ($2~pm ~0.5$ ) $times 10^{4}$ , and ($0.2~pm ~0.1$ ) $times 10^{4}$ at (2.25 Torr, 5 kV), (1.875 Torr, 4 kV), and (1.5 Torr, 3 kV), respectively. The remarkable agreement shows the reliability of the code. Numerical studies are extended with anode length and taper size optimization, corresponding to the pressure range (2–3.5) Torr of ${D} _{2}$ . The optimum ${Y} _{n}$ ($1.56times 10^{5}$ ) is found at 2.55 Torr which is three times greater than the highest measured value [($5.2~pm ~0.8$ ) $times 10^{4}$ ] at 2.25 Torr, 5 kV. At this optimized configuration, using deuterium-tritium (1:1) as the operating gas, the neutron yield is computed to increase to $10^{7}$ , about 100 times greater than the computed yield with ${D} _{2}$ . In addition, we found that reducing the stray inductance ${L} _{0}$ of the device from its present value of 30 to 16 nH, the D-D neutron yield is increased from computed value of $1.56times 10^{5}$ to $2.58times 10^{5}$ .
{"title":"Neutron Yield Optimization From a Palm Top Plasma Focus Device Using Lee Code","authors":"M. I. Nayeem;S. Biswas;M. K. Islam;M. Akel;S. Lee;M. A. Malek","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3525982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3525982","url":null,"abstract":"A palm top plasma focus (PF) device (100 J, 5 kV, 59 kA, ~1.5 kg) with tapered anode was demonstrated in a study earlier by (Rout et al., 2013). To simulate that device, we use the Lee code (RADPFV5.16). The computed current trace is fit to Rout’s measured current trace at 2.25 Torr deuterium (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) gas. The best-fit values of the model parameters are found as <inline-formula> <tex-math>${f}_{m} = 0.11, f_{c} = 0.73, f_{text {mr}} = 0.245, f_{text {cr}} = 0.78$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Having fixed these parameters, the computed neutron yields (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.12times 10^{4}, 1.72times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.24times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> neutrons/shot are found to be comparable with the measured values (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.2~pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2~pm ~0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.2~pm ~0.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at (2.25 Torr, 5 kV), (1.875 Torr, 4 kV), and (1.5 Torr, 3 kV), respectively. The remarkable agreement shows the reliability of the code. Numerical studies are extended with anode length and taper size optimization, corresponding to the pressure range (2–3.5) Torr of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The optimum <inline-formula> <tex-math>${Y} _{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is found at 2.55 Torr which is three times greater than the highest measured value [(<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.2~pm ~0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] at 2.25 Torr, 5 kV. At this optimized configuration, using deuterium-tritium (1:1) as the operating gas, the neutron yield is computed to increase to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, about 100 times greater than the computed yield with <inline-formula> <tex-math>${D} _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, we found that reducing the stray inductance <inline-formula> <tex-math>${L} _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the device from its present value of 30 to 16 nH, the D-D neutron yield is increased from computed value of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.58times 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the amplification of nanosecond pulses using a Ku-band TE11 gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT). The output performance is analyzed through simulation and experiment at 15.0–17.0 GHz with different pulse widths. Simulated results show that the maximum saturation power for a single-frequency pulse can reach 292.7 kW with a pulsewidth of 2.0 ns. As the input pulsewidth further shortens, the output power of the gyro-TWT decreases. The shortest pulsewidth to achieve a hundred-kilowatt level output power is 1.1 ns. In the hot test, the maximum power is 201.4 kW at 15.5 GHz with a single-frequency pulsewidth of 4.7 ns. For an up-chirped pulse from 15.0–16.0 GHz, the output power of ~100 kW with a minimum output pulsewidth is 3.8 ns.
{"title":"Nanosecond Microwave Pulse Amplification Based on a High-Power Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube","authors":"Ruoyang Pan;Zhiyuan Zhang;Guo Liu;Weijie Wang;Yingjian Cao;Yu Wang;Yelei Yao;Wei Jiang;Zewei Wu;Youlei Pu;Jianxun Wang;Yong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530471","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the amplification of nanosecond pulses using a Ku-band TE11 gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT). The output performance is analyzed through simulation and experiment at 15.0–17.0 GHz with different pulse widths. Simulated results show that the maximum saturation power for a single-frequency pulse can reach 292.7 kW with a pulsewidth of 2.0 ns. As the input pulsewidth further shortens, the output power of the gyro-TWT decreases. The shortest pulsewidth to achieve a hundred-kilowatt level output power is 1.1 ns. In the hot test, the maximum power is 201.4 kW at 15.5 GHz with a single-frequency pulsewidth of 4.7 ns. For an up-chirped pulse from 15.0–16.0 GHz, the output power of ~100 kW with a minimum output pulsewidth is 3.8 ns.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The light emitted by gas discharge plasma is often used as a light source for precision optical instruments. The measurement precision and accuracy of these precision instruments are greatly affected by the ambient temperature. In fact, although low-pressure glow gas discharge plasma is often referred to as “low-temperature plasma,” it may also have thermal effects under prolonged operation. There is a lack of research on the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and the process of its heat transfer through the discharge tube. In this article, a 2-D axisymmetric fluid model is established, coupling multiphysics fields such as discharge plasma, laminar flow, and heat transfer. The thermal effect and heat transfer of He/Ne gas mixture glow discharge at low pressure are investigated. Studies show that, after the discharge has lasted for a certain period of time, the temperature in the gas discharge region is significantly elevated and can reach tens or hundreds of kelvins. The temperature of the glass tube may also increase by more than 20 K under certain discharge parameters. The current-limiting resistance, the gas pressure, and the He/Ne gas ratio have a large influence on the thermal effect of the gas discharge. Therefore, the thermal effect of gas discharge applied as a light source in precision optical instruments cannot be ignored and needs to be regulated and designed for specific situations. This article contributes to a deeper physical understanding of the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and provides guidance for their optical application.
气体放电等离子体发出的光经常被用作精密光学仪器的光源。这些精密仪器的测量精度和准确度在很大程度上受到环境温度的影响。事实上，虽然低压辉光气体放电等离子体通常被称为 "低温等离子体"，但它在长时间工作的情况下也会产生热效应。有关低压辉光放电的热效应及其通过放电管传热过程的研究还很缺乏。本文建立了一个二维轴对称流体模型，耦合了放电等离子体、层流和传热等多物理场。研究了低压下氦/氖混合气体辉光放电的热效应和热传递。研究表明，放电持续一段时间后，气体放电区的温度会明显升高，可达几十或几百开尔文。在某些放电参数下，玻璃管的温度也可能升高 20 K 以上。限流电阻、气体压力和氦/氖气体比对气体放电的热效应有很大影响。因此，在精密光学仪器中用作光源的气体放电的热效应不容忽视，需要根据具体情况进行调节和设计。本文有助于加深对低压辉光放电热效应的物理理解，并为其光学应用提供指导。
{"title":"Thermal Effects of Low-Pressure Glow Discharge and Its Heat Transfer Through the Discharge Tube","authors":"Xintong Liu;Yangyang Fu;Guolin Yang;Zhijin Zhang;Qin Hu;Jianlin Hu;Zhihang Zhao;Liyang Zhang;Zhigang Liu;Xinxin Wang;Xingliang Jiang;Yutai Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3532112","url":null,"abstract":"The light emitted by gas discharge plasma is often used as a light source for precision optical instruments. The measurement precision and accuracy of these precision instruments are greatly affected by the ambient temperature. In fact, although low-pressure glow gas discharge plasma is often referred to as “low-temperature plasma,” it may also have thermal effects under prolonged operation. There is a lack of research on the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and the process of its heat transfer through the discharge tube. In this article, a 2-D axisymmetric fluid model is established, coupling multiphysics fields such as discharge plasma, laminar flow, and heat transfer. The thermal effect and heat transfer of He/Ne gas mixture glow discharge at low pressure are investigated. Studies show that, after the discharge has lasted for a certain period of time, the temperature in the gas discharge region is significantly elevated and can reach tens or hundreds of kelvins. The temperature of the glass tube may also increase by more than 20 K under certain discharge parameters. The current-limiting resistance, the gas pressure, and the He/Ne gas ratio have a large influence on the thermal effect of the gas discharge. Therefore, the thermal effect of gas discharge applied as a light source in precision optical instruments cannot be ignored and needs to be regulated and designed for specific situations. This article contributes to a deeper physical understanding of the thermal effects of low-pressure glow discharges and provides guidance for their optical application.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562
Ao Xu;Xiang Wan;Pingping Gan;Yuanjie Shi
Many ion sources need to work in the order of $10^{-3}$ –1-Pa pressure, so the influence of these pressures on ion extraction characteristics has been attracted attention. In this article, based on 2-D space and 3-D velocity (2D3V) particle-in-cell-coupled Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method, a simplified simulation model of argon ion extraction process under an extraction voltage of −10 kV is established. The influence of argon pressure on the density and velocity of electrons and ions is obtained. Then, the reason why the extracted ion current decreases obviously when the argon pressure increases to 1 Pa is explained. That is, the probability of elastic collision and charge exchange between argon ions and argon atoms increases obviously, which leads to the deceleration and divergence of argon ion beam. This provides support for further understanding of ion extraction characteristics and influencing factors.
{"title":"Study on the Influence of Pressure on Ion Extraction Characteristics","authors":"Ao Xu;Xiang Wan;Pingping Gan;Yuanjie Shi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3530562","url":null,"abstract":"Many ion sources need to work in the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–1-Pa pressure, so the influence of these pressures on ion extraction characteristics has been attracted attention. In this article, based on 2-D space and 3-D velocity (2D3V) particle-in-cell-coupled Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method, a simplified simulation model of argon ion extraction process under an extraction voltage of −10 kV is established. The influence of argon pressure on the density and velocity of electrons and ions is obtained. Then, the reason why the extracted ion current decreases obviously when the argon pressure increases to 1 Pa is explained. That is, the probability of elastic collision and charge exchange between argon ions and argon atoms increases obviously, which leads to the deceleration and divergence of argon ion beam. This provides support for further understanding of ion extraction characteristics and influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"252-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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