The corona discharge phenomenon has been of great interest, and it is widely used in practical applications. By coupling the fluid dynamics equations and the Poisson equation, the negative corona discharge between a plane and an ellipsoidal electrode is modeled in this article. The mechanism of ring mode discharge is, for the first time, systematically investigated through numerical simulation. The relationship between the mode of first discharge and electrode-plane setup conditions, such as various cathode shapes, applied voltages, and gap distances, is analyzed. The position where ring mode discharge occurs is correlated with the maximal electric field intensity during the discharge, which is generated by a combination of boundary charge and volume charge in the domain. It is found that in some cases, the discharge pulses can all be in ring mode. The first discharge tends to be in ring mode when the absolute value of applied voltage is lower, the semiaxis ratio $a/b$ is larger, or the gap distance is longer. This study provides important insights for optimizing the design of electrodes and improving the efficiency of discharge in applications such as electrostatic precipitators, plasma devices, aero-engines, and other devices utilizing corona discharge.
{"title":"Simulation Study on Ellipsoidal Electrode Negative Corona Discharge in Ring Mode","authors":"Binxian Lu;Lin Xiong;Zijian Yang;Ziang Liu;Jingjing Liang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3609963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3609963","url":null,"abstract":"The corona discharge phenomenon has been of great interest, and it is widely used in practical applications. By coupling the fluid dynamics equations and the Poisson equation, the negative corona discharge between <italic>a</i> plane and an ellipsoidal electrode is modeled in this article. The mechanism of ring mode discharge is, for the first time, systematically investigated through numerical simulation. The relationship between the mode of first discharge and electrode-plane setup conditions, such as various cathode shapes, applied voltages, and gap distances, is analyzed. The position where ring mode discharge occurs is correlated with the maximal electric field intensity during the discharge, which is generated by a combination of boundary charge and volume charge in the domain. It is found that in some cases, the discharge pulses can all be in ring mode. The first discharge tends to be in ring mode when the absolute value of applied voltage is lower, the semiaxis ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math>$a/b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is larger, or the gap distance is longer. This study provides important insights for optimizing the design of electrodes and improving the efficiency of discharge in applications such as electrostatic precipitators, plasma devices, aero-engines, and other devices utilizing corona discharge.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3113-3120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the filtering Vivaldi antennas are more and more popular in long-distance communication applications due to anti-interference capability and high directivity, but the existing filtering Vivaldi antennas suffer from poor filtering performance and low gain. To address poor filtering performance, a feed scheme utilizing hybrid substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure is proposed in this article to achieve good wideband filtering performance. To address low gain, first, utilizing loaded corrugated slots technique etches a set of inclined slots on radiator arms to suppress the low-frequency gain drop caused by edge diffraction current. Second, a high effective permittivity double-sided cross stripe metamaterial (DCSM) unit is developed and according to phase calibration theory nonuniformly loaded on the front end of the antenna to achieve wideband gain enhancement. For demonstration, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the fabricated antenna operates at 8.14–12.29 GHz [fractional bandwidth (BW) 40.1%] with an average gain of 9 dBi and a high skirt selectivity of 23.88/21.25 dB/GHz, which verifies the superiority of the proposed antenna.
{"title":"Wideband Gain-Enhanced Filtering Vivaldi Antenna Based on Hybrid SIW-SSPP Structure and DCSM","authors":"Mingcan Cui;Quanyuan Feng;Yankai Ma;Qiang Sun;Haoxuan Sheng","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3598259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3598259","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the filtering Vivaldi antennas are more and more popular in long-distance communication applications due to anti-interference capability and high directivity, but the existing filtering Vivaldi antennas suffer from poor filtering performance and low gain. To address poor filtering performance, a feed scheme utilizing hybrid substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure is proposed in this article to achieve good wideband filtering performance. To address low gain, first, utilizing loaded corrugated slots technique etches a set of inclined slots on radiator arms to suppress the low-frequency gain drop caused by edge diffraction current. Second, a high effective permittivity double-sided cross stripe metamaterial (DCSM) unit is developed and according to phase calibration theory nonuniformly loaded on the front end of the antenna to achieve wideband gain enhancement. For demonstration, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the fabricated antenna operates at 8.14–12.29 GHz [fractional bandwidth (BW) 40.1%] with an average gain of 9 dBi and a high skirt selectivity of 23.88/21.25 dB/GHz, which verifies the superiority of the proposed antenna.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3121-3128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3605935
Xiaoyi Cui;Zhongyu Zeng;Tiebing Lu;Xingming Bian
Ionization and attachment coefficients (IAC) are essential in corona discharge research. However, these parameters of air from different sources vary and are environment-affected. In the present work, the commonly used IAC data in corona discharge research are compared with the data of air calculated by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and the Boltzmann equation with different collision cross sections. The results are significantly influenced by both the collision cross sections and the calculation method, and additionally, the effect of humidity on the results is studied. Subsequently, the corona onset voltage of the wire–plane electrode is predicted by the photoionization criterion and measured in an artificial climate chamber. For the first time, the impact of IAC differences on the prediction of positive corona onset voltage under varying environments is analyzed. Experimental comparisons reveal that the impact is marked, especially under varying humidity conditions, where the impact trends are opposite. To ensure the comprehensiveness of the research, the photon absorption coefficient is also analyzed. Finally, according to the comparisons, recommendations for parameter acquisition methods in positive corona discharge research are provided, which will offer valuable insights for addressing corona discharge issues in various environments.
{"title":"The Influence of Ionization and Attachment Coefficients on Positive Corona Onset Characteristics in Dry or Moist Air","authors":"Xiaoyi Cui;Zhongyu Zeng;Tiebing Lu;Xingming Bian","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3605935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3605935","url":null,"abstract":"Ionization and attachment coefficients (IAC) are essential in corona discharge research. However, these parameters of air from different sources vary and are environment-affected. In the present work, the commonly used IAC data in corona discharge research are compared with the data of air calculated by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and the Boltzmann equation with different collision cross sections. The results are significantly influenced by both the collision cross sections and the calculation method, and additionally, the effect of humidity on the results is studied. Subsequently, the corona onset voltage of the wire–plane electrode is predicted by the photoionization criterion and measured in an artificial climate chamber. For the first time, the impact of IAC differences on the prediction of positive corona onset voltage under varying environments is analyzed. Experimental comparisons reveal that the impact is marked, especially under varying humidity conditions, where the impact trends are opposite. To ensure the comprehensiveness of the research, the photon absorption coefficient is also analyzed. Finally, according to the comparisons, recommendations for parameter acquisition methods in positive corona discharge research are provided, which will offer valuable insights for addressing corona discharge issues in various environments.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3153-3161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3588547
Edl Schamiloglu
{"title":"Editorial Announcing the 2025 Transactions on Plasma Science Best Paper Award","authors":"Edl Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3588547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3588547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 9","pages":"2153-2160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11164803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3606770
{"title":"Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3606770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3606770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 9","pages":"2513-2513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11164932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3603442
{"title":"Transactions on Plasma Science","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3603442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3603442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 9","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11164945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3606772
{"title":"Special Issue on Plenary, Invited, Workshop on Pulsed Power for Fusion from PPPS-2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3606772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3606772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 9","pages":"2514-2514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11165124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3604770
Yong Shen;Jiaqi Dong;Hongda He
Kink mode is one of the most important macroinstabilities in sawtooth discharge. In this article, the nature of kink modes was investigated through a combination of HL-2A experiments and simulations. Multiple n (toroidal mode number) kink branches were found in HL-2A sawtooth discharges. The distinct roles of different n-kink modes in plasma instability were identified. The n = 1 mode is identified as the dominant kink mode. The mode structure shrinks toward the center with an increase in n value. The mode linear growth rate is not necessarily related to whether the mode dominates plasma. The weakening effect of the shorter wavelength and its higher internal localization partially offset the advantage of the higher n mode in the global plasma instability. In practice, multiple n-kink branches tend to be stable if n = 1 mode is stable. Among the low-n modes, the stability limits for n$gt$ 1 modes would not be lower than n = 1 mode at $mathbf {q}_{mathbf {0}}=mathbf {1.05}$ and its adjacent areas, and the stability limits of n = 1 and 2 kink modes decrease with $mathbf {q}_{mathbf {0}}$ and exhibit some linear relationships if a normally parabolic current density profile is considered, which hints for the determination of the operational $boldsymbol {beta }$ for HL-2A sawtooth discharges.
{"title":"On Kink Modes and Low-n Kink β Limits in HL-2A Sawtooth Discharges","authors":"Yong Shen;Jiaqi Dong;Hongda He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3604770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3604770","url":null,"abstract":"Kink mode is one of the most important macroinstabilities in sawtooth discharge. In this article, the nature of kink modes was investigated through a combination of HL-2A experiments and simulations. Multiple <bold><i>n</i></b> (toroidal mode number) kink branches were found in HL-2A sawtooth discharges. The distinct roles of different <bold><i>n</i></b>-kink modes in plasma instability were identified. The <bold><i>n</i></b> = 1 mode is identified as the dominant kink mode. The mode structure shrinks toward the center with an increase in <bold>n</b> value. The mode linear growth rate is not necessarily related to whether the mode dominates plasma. The weakening effect of the shorter wavelength and its higher internal localization partially offset the advantage of the higher <bold><i>n</i></b> mode in the global plasma instability. In practice, multiple <bold><i>n</i></b>-kink branches tend to be stable if <bold><i>n</i></b> = 1 mode is stable. Among the low-<italic><b>n</b></i> modes, the stability limits for <bold><i>n</i></b> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$gt$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 modes would not be lower than <bold><i>n</i></b> = 1 mode at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {q}_{mathbf {0}}=mathbf {1.05}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and its adjacent areas, and the stability limits of <bold><i>n</i></b> = 1 and <bold>2</b> kink modes decrease with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {q}_{mathbf {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and exhibit some linear relationships if a normally parabolic current density profile is considered, which hints for the determination of the operational <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for HL-2A sawtooth discharges.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3129-3140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3602713
Abhishek Kumar
An electrically and thermally tunable absorber is designed using graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2). A monolayer graphene sheet positioned on top acts as a multinarrowband resonator, with its voltage tunability capability allowing for controlled responses. Increasing the chemical potential of graphene results in wideband responses achieved at lower frequencies. A VO2 layer is placed between the graphene and the back layer. At lower temperatures, VO2 operates as a dielectric spacer, enabling multiband resonance. Below 300 K, the device functions as an ultranarrow multiband absorber, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity (S) of 60 GHz/RIU, 60 GHz/RIU, and 210 GHz/RIU with quality factor (Q) 84, 38, and 68, respectively. Its biosensing capabilities are explored, particularly its proficiency in detecting malaria and glucose with high sensing performance. This innovative configuration substitutes conventional dielectric spacers and introduces thermal tunability. As the temperature increases, the conductivity of VO2 rises, transforming the device into a reflector.
{"title":"Inverse Design Approach by Deep Learning for Thermally Modulated Graphene Supported Multi-Functional Bio-Sensor","authors":"Abhishek Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3602713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3602713","url":null,"abstract":"An electrically and thermally tunable absorber is designed using graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>). A monolayer graphene sheet positioned on top acts as a multinarrowband resonator, with its voltage tunability capability allowing for controlled responses. Increasing the chemical potential of graphene results in wideband responses achieved at lower frequencies. A VO<sub>2</sub> layer is placed between the graphene and the back layer. At lower temperatures, VO<sub>2</sub> operates as a dielectric spacer, enabling multiband resonance. Below 300 K, the device functions as an ultranarrow multiband absorber, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity (<italic>S</i>) of 60 GHz/RIU, 60 GHz/RIU, and 210 GHz/RIU with quality factor (<italic>Q</i>) 84, 38, and 68, respectively. Its biosensing capabilities are explored, particularly its proficiency in detecting malaria and glucose with high sensing performance. This innovative configuration substitutes conventional dielectric spacers and introduces thermal tunability. As the temperature increases, the conductivity of VO<sub>2</sub> rises, transforming the device into a reflector.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3187-3193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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