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On Taking our Sources Seriously: Servius and the Theatrical Life of Vergil's Eclogues 认真对待我们的来源:塞尔维乌斯与维吉尔的戏剧人生
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2019.38.1.91
I. Lada-Richards
This article revisits a famous staple of the Vergilian tradition, Servius's heavily contested scholion on the actress Volumnia Cytheris's theatrical rendition of Vergil's sixth Eclogue. By shifting the focus of inquiry from the strictly historical question ‘did it happen?’ it cuts through, identifies and disentangles a nexus of prejudices which have led to the devaluing of Servius's information. The sidelining or dismissal of this piece of evidence, I argue, has more to teach us about our own culturally entrenched and discipline-inherited assumptions than about what could have happened in late Republican Rome. Scrutiny of the evidence on the stage re-mediation of high poetry suggests it is entirely plausible that Cytheris would have performed a theatricalized version of Vergil's masterpiece. Indeed at the very heart of the story lies the convergence between élite poetry and the world of professional stage artists. Moreover, Cytheris's possible performance of a repertoire that coincides with the mythological core of pantomime dancing in its artistic maturity opens pivotal questions concerning what Plutarch (Mor.748a) aptly calls the “full association and mutual entanglement” between the arts of poetry and dance. Taking Servius seriously gives us the impetus to explore more decisively dimensions of Roman life that have been messily sidelined as a result of the systematic privileging of “texts” in our surveys of Roman intellectual landscapes over the centuries. Even if Servius's extract turned out to be no more than a “myth”, an “anecdote”, as such narratives go, this is an incredibly helpful one, provided we are willing to press it into the service of larger inquiries regarding the “circulation” of cultural energy between élite and popular culture.
这篇文章重新审视了维吉尔传统中一个著名的主题,即塞尔维乌斯对女演员沃鲁姆妮娅·瑟里斯戏剧化演绎维吉尔第六首《尾声》的激烈争论。通过将调查重点从严格意义上的历史问题转移到“它发生了吗?”它突破、识别并解开了导致Servius信息贬值的偏见联系。我认为,对这一证据的搁置或驳回,更多地教会了我们关于我们自己根深蒂固的文化和纪律继承的假设,而不是关于在共和国晚期罗马可能发生的事情。对舞台上重新调解高级诗歌的证据的仔细研究表明,Cytheris完全有可能表演维吉尔杰作的戏剧化版本。事实上,故事的核心是精英诗歌与专业舞台艺术家世界的融合。此外,Cytheris可能表演的曲目与哑剧舞蹈艺术成熟期的神话核心不谋而合,这引发了关于普鲁塔克(Mor.748a)恰当地称之为诗歌和舞蹈艺术之间“充分的联系和相互纠缠”的关键问题。认真对待塞尔维乌斯让我们有动力更果断地探索罗马生活的各个层面,这些层面由于几个世纪以来我们对罗马知识景观的调查中“文本”的系统特权而被混乱地边缘化。即使Servius的摘录只不过是一个“神话”,一个“轶事”,就像这样的叙述一样,这也是一个非常有用的摘录,前提是我们愿意将其用于对精英和流行文化之间文化能量的“流通”进行更大的调查。
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引用次数: 0
Fairy Tales and Hard Truths in Tacitus's Histories 4.6–10 塔西佗《历史》中的童话和残酷的事实
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2019.38.1.141
L. Spielberg
In a new reading of Tacitus's account of the quarrel between Helvidius Priscus and Eprius Marcellus at Hist. 4.6.3–4.10.1, I show that the historian stages a confrontation between panegyrical and Realpolitik rhetoric about the Principate. Helvidius uses the consensus-rhetoric of panegyric to propose that the senate claim the freedom they theoretically possess in the regime of a civilis princeps. Eprius describes the autocratic “reality” of the Principate in terms of contingency, necessity, and power. Helvidius's panegyrical fantasy runs up against practical limits, but Eprius's hardheaded truisms prove equally problematic for senatorial oratory. The failures of both speeches comment on the necessity of a consciously fictive “public transcript” such as Pliny's Panegyric while pointing to historiography as the proper place for Realpolitik truths. The debate sheds new light on Tacitus's praise of Trajan and Nerva at the beginning of the Histories as a locus for collective senatorial self-fashioning.
在塔西陀对赫尔维迪乌斯·普里库斯和埃普利乌斯·马塞勒斯在Hist的争吵的新解读中。4.6.3–4.10.1,我展示了历史学家在关于Principate的泛基督教和现实政治修辞之间进行的对抗。Helvidius使用panegyric的共识修辞,提出参议院主张他们在文明王子政权中理论上拥有的自由。Eprius从偶然性、必要性和权力的角度描述了君主专制的“现实”。海尔维迪乌斯的泛史诗般的幻想遇到了实际的限制,但埃普里乌斯的顽固真理对参议院的演讲来说同样有问题。两次演讲的失败都评论了有意识地虚构“公共记录”的必要性,如普林尼的《帕内格里克》,同时指出史学是现实政治真理的恰当场所。这场辩论为塔西陀在《历史》一开始对图拉真和涅尔瓦的赞扬提供了新的线索,认为这是参议院集体自我塑造的场所。
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引用次数: 0
In Memoriam, Thomas N. Habinek 《追忆似水年华》,托马斯·哈比内克
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/ca.2019.38.1.1
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引用次数: 0
Tyranny, Self, and Genre in Pliny's Letter 5.8 《普林尼的信》中的暴政、自我与体裁
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2019.38.1.58
Holly Haynes
In Letter 5.8 Pliny shows that in the post-Domitianic era historia has become an impossible genre, both as a vehicle for conventional moral wisdom and because of the authoritative narrative voice it necessitates. The letter's literary strategies of deferral express these problems even as its content appears to argue positively the merits of historia and compare it with those of oratio. Pliny emphasizes the insufficiency of the narrative “I”, suggesting instead the importance of dialogue as the means both toward the ethical reconstruction of post-tyrannical discourse and the literary fame for which Pliny also hopes.
在信5.8中,普林尼表明,在后多米西亚时代,历史已经成为一种不可能的类型,既是传统道德智慧的载体,也是因为它所需要的权威叙事声音。这封信的延期文学策略表达了这些问题,尽管其内容似乎积极地论证了historia的优点,并将其与oratio的优点进行了比较。普林尼强调了叙事“我”的不足,相反,他暗示了对话的重要性,对话既是后专制话语的伦理重建,也是普林尼所希望的文学声誉。
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引用次数: 0
An Epicurean “Measure of Wealth” in Horace, Satires 1.1 贺拉斯讽刺作品1.1中的伊壁鸠鲁“财富的衡量”
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.2.351
Sergio Yona
The following study draws evidence from the fragmentary treatises of Philodemus of Gadara in order to explore the moral content of Satires 1.1 with respect to wealth administration. I provide a reading of this poem that underscores Horace's effective synthesis of Greek thought and Roman culture, which is made possible by the influence of contemporary philosophical treatments that were tailored to fit the concerns of wealthy Romans. Furthermore, I offer an alternative to the many references previous scholars have made to Aristotle and the Cynics by elucidating Horace's economic message, which, being totally consistent with the details of Philodemus' economic concerns, is in many ways more Epicurean than anything else.
以下研究从加达拉的菲洛德米斯的零碎论文中汲取证据,以探索讽刺作品1.1关于财富管理的道德内容。我对这首诗进行了解读,强调了贺拉斯对希腊思想和罗马文化的有效综合,这是受当代哲学治疗的影响而实现的,这些治疗是为满足富有罗马人的担忧而量身定制的。此外,我通过阐释贺拉斯的经济信息,提供了一种替代以往学者对亚里士多德和犬儒主义者的许多参考的方法,贺拉斯的经济学信息与菲洛德谟的经济问题的细节完全一致,在许多方面比其他任何东西都更像伊壁鸠鲁。
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引用次数: 0
Gender in the Temple: Women's Ailments in the Epidaurian Miracle Cures 神庙中的性别:埃皮达里亚奇迹疗法中的女性疾病
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.2.321
Calloway Scott
This paper compares the cases of female ailments recorded in the Epidaurian Miracles Cures (iamata) with the theory and therapeutics of the Hippocratic gynecological texts as a means of testing the extent of the assumptions shared between temple and Hippocratic medicine. I argue that where temple and Hippocratic practice hold common ground, it is readily explicable through widely circulating and historically rooted cultural presuppositions regarding female physiology and pathology, rather than through scientific borrowings. Rather than representing complementary outlets of medical care in which Asklepios specialized in “hopeless” cases, I suggest that the iamata permit us to observe a process in which parallel medical traditions branched out from a common cultural substratum, and that more nuance is required in framing the relationship between Greek naturalist and religious medicine.
本文将埃皮达里安奇迹治疗(iamata)中记录的女性疾病病例与希波克拉底妇科文献的理论和治疗方法进行比较,作为测试寺庙医学和希波克拉底医学之间共同假设的程度的手段。我认为,在神庙和希波克拉底的实践有共同点的地方,它很容易通过广泛流传和历史上根深蒂固的关于女性生理和病理的文化预设来解释,而不是通过科学的借用。我认为,与其代表阿斯克勒庇俄斯专门处理“无望”病例的互补医疗渠道,不如让我们观察到一个过程,在这个过程中,平行的医疗传统从一个共同的文化基础中分支出来,在构建希腊自然主义医学和宗教医学之间的关系时,需要更多的细微差别。
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引用次数: 2
A Civic Alternative to Stoicism: The Ethics of Hellenistic Honorary Decrees 斯多葛主义的公民选择:希腊荣誉法令的伦理
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.2.187
B. Gray
This article shows how the public inscriptions of Hellenistic poleis, especially decrees in honor of leading citizens, illuminate Greek ethical thinking, including wider debates about questions of central importance for Greek ethical philosophers. It does so by comparing decrees' rhetoric with the ethical language and doctrines of different ancient philosophical schools. Whereas some scholars identify ethical views comparable to Stoic ideas in Hellenistic decrees, this article argues that there are more significant overlaps, especially in decrees from Asia Minor dating to after 150 BC, with fourth-century BC ethical philosophy, especially Aristotle's, and its Hellenistic continuators. The overlaps between decrees and philosophers' approaches had complex, diverse causes (section 4), probably sometimes including philosophical education and influence. Comparison of philosophy and epigraphy shows that, in the same way as the polis continued to flourish after Chaironeia, critical reflection about the ethical foundations of civic life also remained vibrant, among both philosophers and citizens.
这篇文章展示了希腊化poleis的公开铭文,特别是纪念杰出公民的法令,如何阐明希腊的伦理思想,包括关于希腊伦理哲学家核心问题的更广泛的辩论。它通过将法令的修辞与古代不同哲学流派的伦理语言和学说进行比较来做到这一点。尽管一些学者在希腊化法令中确定了可与斯多葛思想相媲美的伦理观点,但本文认为,与公元前4世纪的伦理哲学,特别是亚里士多德的伦理哲学及其希腊化延续者,存在更显著的重叠,尤其是在公元前150年之后的小亚细亚法令中。法令和哲学家方法之间的重叠有着复杂多样的原因(第4节),有时可能包括哲学教育和影响。哲学和金石学的比较表明,正如城邦在Chaironeia之后继续繁荣一样,对公民生活伦理基础的批判性反思也在哲学家和公民中保持着活力。
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引用次数: 0
“Charaxus Arrived with a Full Ship!” The Poetics of Welcome in Sappho's Brothers Song and the Charaxus Song Cycle “夏拉休斯满载抵达!”萨福兄弟歌与夏拉休斯歌循环中的欢迎诗学
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.2.236
Peter A. O’Connell
By analyzing the parallels between Sappho's Brothers Song and archaic Greek songs of welcome, especially Archilochus fr. 24 West, this essay offers a new interpretation of the Brothers Song. It clarifies that ἔλθην in the first preserved stanza represents an original aorist indicative. The chatterer repeats over and over a welcome song that begins, “Charaxus arrived with a full ship.” The rest of the song continues to engage with the welcome song tradition, anticipating the welcome song that will celebrate Charaxus' return to Mytilene, when and if that occurs. By pointing beyond itself to other, real or notional, songs about Charaxus, the Brothers Song also demonstrates Sappho's nonlinear method of storytelling that relies on her audiences' imaginations.
通过分析萨福的《兄弟之歌》与古希腊欢迎歌曲,特别是《西游记》的相似之处,本文对《兄弟之曲》进行了新的解读。它澄清了ἔ在第一个保存下来的诗节中,λθηΓ表示原始的aorist指示。喋喋不休的人一遍又一遍地重复着一首欢迎歌,开头是“Charaxus满载着船来了”。这首歌的其余部分继续沿用欢迎歌的传统,期待着庆祝Charaxus何时以及是否返回Mytilene的欢迎歌。《兄弟之歌》通过超越自身,指向其他关于查拉索斯的真实或概念歌曲,也展示了萨福依赖观众想象力的非线性讲故事方法。
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引用次数: 2
Hypothêkai: On Wisdom Sayings and Wisdom Poems Hypothêkai:关于智慧语录和智慧诗歌
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.1.31
A. Horne
Scholars have long recognized that hypothekai , or instructional wisdom sayings, served as building blocks for larger structures of Greek wisdom poetry. Yet the mechanism that gets from saying to poem has never been traced in detail. If the transition involves more than piling sayings on top of each other, what intervenes? Focusing on the archaic hexametrical tradition of Homer and Hesiod, the paper develops a repertory of variations and expansions by which the primary genre, the hypotheke speech-act, is transformed into a secondary genre—the larger-scale wisdom constructions we find in various Homeric speeches and much if not all of the Works and Days . The paper first argues for a precise formal description of the hypotheke saying in the archaic hexameter; it then develops a toolbox of variations on the saying9s basic form. Finally, the toolbox is put to work in order to read a forty-verse excerpt of Hesiod9s Almanac.
学者们早就认识到假说,或指导性的智慧语录,是希腊智慧诗歌更大结构的基石。然而,从说到诗的机制从未被详细追踪过。如果这种转变不仅仅是一堆一堆的说法,那么是什么在干预呢?本文着眼于荷马和赫西奥德古老的六韵体传统,发展了一系列变化和扩展,通过这些变化和扩展,主要类型,假设言语-行为,转变为次要类型-我们在各种荷马演讲中发现的更大规模的智慧结构,如果不是全部的话。本文首先论证了对古代六韵诗中假设语的精确形式描述;然后,它在这句话的基本形式上发展出一系列变体。最后,这个工具箱被用来阅读《赫西碘历书》的一段四十节节选。
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引用次数: 3
Exemplarity and Encyclopedism at the Tomb of Eurysaces 欧里塞斯墓的典范与百科全书
IF 0.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1525/CA.2018.37.1.63
Nathaniel B. Jones
Roman writing of the late Republic and early Empire, especially historiography, is filled with exempla , stories of the past meant to serve as models for contemporary and future behavior. This period also witnessed the rise of an encyclopedic mode of composition among Latin authors, which purported to collect and organize the totality of knowledge in a given field. The following essay proposes that exemplarity and encyclopedism were not just literary devices, but deep organizational principles throughout Roman culture. It seeks to show how they were operative in the visual arts in the first century BCE, focusing especially on a frieze depicting the baking process on the tomb of Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces in Rome. By approaching a monument like the frieze of Eurysaces through such principles we may better articulate both visual and thematic relationships across a variety of genres within the broader Roman image world.
罗马共和国晚期和帝国早期的著作,尤其是史学,充满了范例,过去的故事,旨在作为当代和未来行为的典范。这一时期也见证了拉丁作家的百科全书式写作模式的兴起,这种模式旨在收集和组织特定领域的全部知识。下面的文章提出,典范和百科全书不仅仅是文学手段,而是贯穿罗马文化的深层组织原则。它试图展示它们在公元前一世纪的视觉艺术中是如何运作的,特别关注罗马马库斯·维吉里乌斯·欧律萨塞斯墓上描绘烘焙过程的楣板。通过这样的原则来处理像欧律萨斯楣这样的纪念碑,我们可以更好地阐明在更广泛的罗马图像世界中各种类型之间的视觉和主题关系。
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引用次数: 1
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CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
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