Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963
J. Cantone, Leslie N. Martinez, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Taija Miller
Abstract Black Americans and Mexican Americans have faced continued cultural stereotypes, as well as more punitive outcomes, within the judicial system. Very little research has explored whether minority defendants with stereotypical accents face additional discrimination. The current study investigated the role of race and accent bias on juror decisions for Black, Mexican American, or White defendants in a negligence case. Results indicated that while Black and Mexican American defendants were found more negligent than White defendants, Black defendants were judged more negatively than White and Mexican American defendants, especially when the Black defendant had a stereotypical accent. The results offer important legal considerations that attorneys must make when deciding whether or not to recommend that the defendant testify.
{"title":"Sounding guilty: How accent bias affects juror judgments of culpability","authors":"J. Cantone, Leslie N. Martinez, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Taija Miller","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Black Americans and Mexican Americans have faced continued cultural stereotypes, as well as more punitive outcomes, within the judicial system. Very little research has explored whether minority defendants with stereotypical accents face additional discrimination. The current study investigated the role of race and accent bias on juror decisions for Black, Mexican American, or White defendants in a negligence case. Results indicated that while Black and Mexican American defendants were found more negligent than White defendants, Black defendants were judged more negatively than White and Mexican American defendants, especially when the Black defendant had a stereotypical accent. The results offer important legal considerations that attorneys must make when deciding whether or not to recommend that the defendant testify.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"228 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45367857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647
Eyitayo Onifade, A. Barnes, C. Campbell, Amber Mandalari
Abstract Disparities in treatment of African American juvenile offenders persist in juvenile justice systems across the United States. This study examined adjudication trends over a ten-year span within a Mid-Western County’s juvenile court for African American young offenders subsequent of the system’s implementation of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNR-Model). Special attention was given to changes in disproportionate minority contact with intensive interventions within the Delinquency Division versus informal probation, which is considered a low intensity and less punitive adjudication path. The findings indicated African Americans were more likely to be referred to low intensity interventions at Intake (Informal Probation) after the RNR Model was implemented, suggesting disparities in contact were partially mitigated by the risk assessment approach. Implications for policy are discussed.
{"title":"Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system","authors":"Eyitayo Onifade, A. Barnes, C. Campbell, Amber Mandalari","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disparities in treatment of African American juvenile offenders persist in juvenile justice systems across the United States. This study examined adjudication trends over a ten-year span within a Mid-Western County’s juvenile court for African American young offenders subsequent of the system’s implementation of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNR-Model). Special attention was given to changes in disproportionate minority contact with intensive interventions within the Delinquency Division versus informal probation, which is considered a low intensity and less punitive adjudication path. The findings indicated African Americans were more likely to be referred to low intensity interventions at Intake (Informal Probation) after the RNR Model was implemented, suggesting disparities in contact were partially mitigated by the risk assessment approach. Implications for policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"203 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780
P. G. Lowery
Abstract The nexus of race, gender, and social location remain a habitual line of inquiry for many criminologists. However, quantitative studies of intersectionality are rare and especially rare as it relates to those studying serious and violent girls sentenced in the juvenile court. Particularly, this study seeks to explore how racialized gender expectations and forms of double/multiplicative jeopardy influence the back-end outcomes for serious and violent girls. Findings reveal the black girls, compared to their white counterparts, were sentenced with less leniency, and instead, punished in a more punitive matter. Importantly, these findings vary across the gamut of legal and extralegal variables. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed, as well as the limitations of the present study.
{"title":"The independent and joint effects of race, crime, and social location on the dispositional decisions of juvenile girls","authors":"P. G. Lowery","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The nexus of race, gender, and social location remain a habitual line of inquiry for many criminologists. However, quantitative studies of intersectionality are rare and especially rare as it relates to those studying serious and violent girls sentenced in the juvenile court. Particularly, this study seeks to explore how racialized gender expectations and forms of double/multiplicative jeopardy influence the back-end outcomes for serious and violent girls. Findings reveal the black girls, compared to their white counterparts, were sentenced with less leniency, and instead, punished in a more punitive matter. Importantly, these findings vary across the gamut of legal and extralegal variables. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed, as well as the limitations of the present study.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"109 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909
Natalie Flath, K. Tobin, Kelly M. King, Alexandra Lee, C. Latkin
Abstract Encountering the criminal justice system at the first point of entry---an arrest---is associated with heightened HIV and Hepatitis risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWIDS). Intervening structurally through the criminal justice system impacts public health; therefore, determining arrest patterns is an important tool for risk reduction. Among a sample of 740 PWIDs, and their social network members recruited from predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Baltimore City, a third were recently arrested in the previous six months, and of those, the arrests were disproportionately African-American persons and characterized as nonviolent, i.e., drug possession/attempt to purchase (38%) and loitering (29%). Poisson regression models were built adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, homelessness, and monthly income after exploring bivariable characteristics of arrests using chi-squared tests. Active drug use was associated with a recent arrest (adjusted prevalence ratio: aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6), in addition to participants who recently reported attending a syringe exchange program (aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0). Our findings are suggestive of recent media coverage and burgeoning research revealing the prioritization of policing resources toward both communities of color and neighborhoods of intensified drug trafficking. Further research is warranted to contextualize the operationalization of criminal justice resources and the impact on community health.
在第一个入境点(逮捕)遇到刑事司法系统与注射吸毒者(PWIDS)中艾滋病毒和肝炎风险行为的增加有关。通过刑事司法系统进行结构性干预会影响公共卫生;因此，确定逮捕模式是降低风险的重要工具。在巴尔的摩市以非洲裔美国人为主的社区招募的740名PWIDs及其社交网络成员的样本中，三分之一的人最近在过去六个月内被捕，其中，被逮捕的非裔美国人比例不成比例，并且被描述为非暴力，即持有毒品/企图购买(38%)和闲逛(29%)。在使用卡方检验探索逮捕的双变量特征后，建立了泊松回归模型，调整了年龄、性别、种族、教育水平、无家可归和月收入。除了最近报告参加注射器交换计划的参与者(aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0)外，活跃药物使用与最近的骤停有关(调整患病率:aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6)。我们的发现暗示了最近的媒体报道和新兴的研究，这些研究揭示了警务资源优先用于有色人种社区和毒品贩运加剧的社区。有必要进一步研究刑事司法资源的运作情况及其对社区卫生的影响。
{"title":"Maximizing order or harm? Arrests among a social network of people who inject drugs in a large urban city","authors":"Natalie Flath, K. Tobin, Kelly M. King, Alexandra Lee, C. Latkin","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Encountering the criminal justice system at the first point of entry---an arrest---is associated with heightened HIV and Hepatitis risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWIDS). Intervening structurally through the criminal justice system impacts public health; therefore, determining arrest patterns is an important tool for risk reduction. Among a sample of 740 PWIDs, and their social network members recruited from predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Baltimore City, a third were recently arrested in the previous six months, and of those, the arrests were disproportionately African-American persons and characterized as nonviolent, i.e., drug possession/attempt to purchase (38%) and loitering (29%). Poisson regression models were built adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, homelessness, and monthly income after exploring bivariable characteristics of arrests using chi-squared tests. Active drug use was associated with a recent arrest (adjusted prevalence ratio: aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6), in addition to participants who recently reported attending a syringe exchange program (aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0). Our findings are suggestive of recent media coverage and burgeoning research revealing the prioritization of policing resources toward both communities of color and neighborhoods of intensified drug trafficking. Further research is warranted to contextualize the operationalization of criminal justice resources and the impact on community health.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"186 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46483759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910
V. Andreescu
Abstract The present study is based on a secondary-data analysis of a subsample of Cuban immigrants residing in the United States. While there are no significant differences in arrest rates between U.S. natives of Cuban descent and their foreign-born counterparts, life transitions have a differential impact on behavioral outcomes when young men and women of Cuban ancestry are compared. Job instability increases the risk of arrest for men, while being a single parent increases the risk of arrest for women. Growing up in a two-parent family and marriage have crime protective effects for men, while religiosity decreases the probability of arrest for women. In both subsamples, having a family member arrested was the strongest predictor of one’s arrest status in early adulthood.
{"title":"Gender differences and patterns of arrest across two generations of Cuban immigrants in the United States","authors":"V. Andreescu","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study is based on a secondary-data analysis of a subsample of Cuban immigrants residing in the United States. While there are no significant differences in arrest rates between U.S. natives of Cuban descent and their foreign-born counterparts, life transitions have a differential impact on behavioral outcomes when young men and women of Cuban ancestry are compared. Job instability increases the risk of arrest for men, while being a single parent increases the risk of arrest for women. Growing up in a two-parent family and marriage have crime protective effects for men, while religiosity decreases the probability of arrest for women. In both subsamples, having a family member arrested was the strongest predictor of one’s arrest status in early adulthood.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"133 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413
Christopher Allen Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima Tedor, L. Quinn
Abstract Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and trauma, have significant impact on delinquency and crime outcomes; though the reasons for some expected and unexpected crime pathways are still unanswered. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 7,103), this study found the following results: no difference in the likelihood of engagement in delinquency and crime between blacks and whites; cumulative trauma increased delinquency and crime rates for all racial and ethnic groups; racial and ethnic minority groups compared to whites reported a significantly higher level of childhood trauma experiences; and native-born female immigrant groups (but not male) were more likely to engage in delinquency and crime than first-generation female immigrant groups. Implications and recommendations are set forth.
{"title":"Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and crime examined through trauma experiences among young adults in the United States","authors":"Christopher Allen Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima Tedor, L. Quinn","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and trauma, have significant impact on delinquency and crime outcomes; though the reasons for some expected and unexpected crime pathways are still unanswered. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 7,103), this study found the following results: no difference in the likelihood of engagement in delinquency and crime between blacks and whites; cumulative trauma increased delinquency and crime rates for all racial and ethnic groups; racial and ethnic minority groups compared to whites reported a significantly higher level of childhood trauma experiences; and native-born female immigrant groups (but not male) were more likely to engage in delinquency and crime than first-generation female immigrant groups. Implications and recommendations are set forth.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"110 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137
Egbert Zavala, C. Whitney
Abstract While a number of studies have found that immigrant youth are less likely to engage in delinquency, they are more likely to report victimization. Scholars have traditionally attributed this finding to American cultural norms that may generate marginalization and culture conflict that, in return, increases the likelihood of victimization. However, few studies have applied victimization theories to this study population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply Target Congruence Theory to test its capability to explain victimization among Latino youth. Data collected from the Dating Violence Among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) Study shows that a target’s vulnerability, gratifiability, and antagonism modestly predicted their victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
{"title":"Target congruence theory and Latino youth victimization","authors":"Egbert Zavala, C. Whitney","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While a number of studies have found that immigrant youth are less likely to engage in delinquency, they are more likely to report victimization. Scholars have traditionally attributed this finding to American cultural norms that may generate marginalization and culture conflict that, in return, increases the likelihood of victimization. However, few studies have applied victimization theories to this study population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply Target Congruence Theory to test its capability to explain victimization among Latino youth. Data collected from the Dating Violence Among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) Study shows that a target’s vulnerability, gratifiability, and antagonism modestly predicted their victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"169 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717
A. Boon, Melissa van Dorp, S. D. de Boer
Abstract To examine whether disproportionate minority contact (DMC) exists in the Netherlands, the representation of minority youth was determined for all stages of the juvenile justice system. Using native Dutch youth as a reference group, the odds ratios (OR) to be registered and arrested as suspect, for alternative punishment and for incarceration, were calculated for the minority youth. In all stages of the juvenile justice system, the ORs for minority youths were considerably higher, except for alternative punishment, having lower ORs. This indicates that DMC exists in the Netherlands. DMC should be politicized and programs should be developed to eliminate this inequality.
{"title":"Disproportionate minority contact in the Dutch juvenile justice system","authors":"A. Boon, Melissa van Dorp, S. D. de Boer","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To examine whether disproportionate minority contact (DMC) exists in the Netherlands, the representation of minority youth was determined for all stages of the juvenile justice system. Using native Dutch youth as a reference group, the odds ratios (OR) to be registered and arrested as suspect, for alternative punishment and for incarceration, were calculated for the minority youth. In all stages of the juvenile justice system, the ORs for minority youths were considerably higher, except for alternative punishment, having lower ORs. This indicates that DMC exists in the Netherlands. DMC should be politicized and programs should be developed to eliminate this inequality.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"42 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918
Cynthia Willis Esqueda, Madeline J. Schlosser, R. H. Delgado, David Orozco Garcia
Abstract Minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and prior research has indicated ethnic minorities and Whites have different opinions of and different experiences within the system. While differences have been shown, the influence of ethnic identity on perceptions of the legal system has been overlooked. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there were differences in perceptions of the legal system by ethnic identity levels for ethnic minorities and Whites. Results indicated differences do exist and ethnic identity is a crucial issue in understanding resonance with the legal system. Future directions for incorporating ethnic identity in research on the criminal justice system are discussed.
{"title":"Perceptions of the criminal justice system by minority and majority group university students: The role of ethnic identity","authors":"Cynthia Willis Esqueda, Madeline J. Schlosser, R. H. Delgado, David Orozco Garcia","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and prior research has indicated ethnic minorities and Whites have different opinions of and different experiences within the system. While differences have been shown, the influence of ethnic identity on perceptions of the legal system has been overlooked. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there were differences in perceptions of the legal system by ethnic identity levels for ethnic minorities and Whites. Results indicated differences do exist and ethnic identity is a crucial issue in understanding resonance with the legal system. Future directions for incorporating ethnic identity in research on the criminal justice system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140
Alicia A. Girgenti-Malone
Abstract The courts have consistently struggled with the discriminatory imposition of the death penalty. This research employs data from the Capital Jury Project which seeks to identify arbitrariness in jurors’ decision-making. Results indicate that Black male victims are perceived to be the most likely to have a problem with drugs/alcohol and come from poor/deprived backgrounds and the least likely to be respected in the community and be perceived as innocent. Black male victims and their families also receive the least empathy from jurors, whom jurors feel the most distance from, and who are most to blame for their victimization. Results suggest the enduring racialization of violent crime and the continuing devaluation of the lives of Black males in American society.
{"title":"Empathy, distance, and blame: juror perceptions of black male homicide victims in capital cases","authors":"Alicia A. Girgenti-Malone","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The courts have consistently struggled with the discriminatory imposition of the death penalty. This research employs data from the Capital Jury Project which seeks to identify arbitrariness in jurors’ decision-making. Results indicate that Black male victims are perceived to be the most likely to have a problem with drugs/alcohol and come from poor/deprived backgrounds and the least likely to be respected in the community and be perceived as innocent. Black male victims and their families also receive the least empathy from jurors, whom jurors feel the most distance from, and who are most to blame for their victimization. Results suggest the enduring racialization of violent crime and the continuing devaluation of the lives of Black males in American society.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":"17 1","pages":"57 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44337751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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