{"title":"Laurent de Sutter\u0000Hors la loi: Théorie de l’anarchie juridique. Paris: Les Liens qui libèrent, 2021, 111 pp.","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41675704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kent Roach\u0000Canadian Policing: Why and How It Must Change. Toronto: Delve Books, 2022. 267 pp.","authors":"R. Diab","doi":"10.1017/cls.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47386151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Taking the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) as its focus, this paper critically examines the Canadian government’s efforts to regulate the extractive industry. Using insight from ideology theory and critical discourse analysis, and drawing empirically from Canadian Parliamentary debates, official government and NGO reports, and various news items regarding the development of the CORE, we document how dominant voices prioritized the economy, downplayed the systemic violence of the industry, and redirected blame to “underdeveloped” countries, on route to a regulatory framework that is voluntary and which fails to address the underlying causes of corporate harm and violence. While the CORE represents a “logical” state response to corporate crime, we nevertheless emphasize the importance of ongoing debates about its role in combating corporate impunity. This not only reinforces the idea that (capitalist) dominance is never absolute but signals the ever-present nature of resistance and possibility for change.
{"title":"Extracting Profits: State Regulation and the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise","authors":"Kristine Johnston, Steven Bittle","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taking the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) as its focus, this paper critically examines the Canadian government’s efforts to regulate the extractive industry. Using insight from ideology theory and critical discourse analysis, and drawing empirically from Canadian Parliamentary debates, official government and NGO reports, and various news items regarding the development of the CORE, we document how dominant voices prioritized the economy, downplayed the systemic violence of the industry, and redirected blame to “underdeveloped” countries, on route to a regulatory framework that is voluntary and which fails to address the underlying causes of corporate harm and violence. While the CORE represents a “logical” state response to corporate crime, we nevertheless emphasize the importance of ongoing debates about its role in combating corporate impunity. This not only reinforces the idea that (capitalist) dominance is never absolute but signals the ever-present nature of resistance and possibility for change.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irene Van Oorschot\u0000The Law Multiple: Judgement and Knowledge in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, 205 pp.","authors":"Javiera Araya-Moreno","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47158076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Many Canadian Muslim couples are hesitant to resort to civil legal processes and attempt to resolve their disputes within the religious community. Islamic law’s exclusion of non-Muslim judges from holding judicial authority in certain family law matters limits the feasibility of aligning religious commands with family court orders. By extrapolating contemporary legal opinions (fatāwā, sing. fatwā) issued by institutions and narrating experiences of Canadian imams, this article documents the views of both researchers and practitioners, finding that neither holds secular court-ordered divorces contested by the husband to suffice as a form of Islamic marriage dissolution. This article concludes that both Canadian imams and fatwā-issuing bodies call for the development of extra-judicial entities that apply Islamic law’s Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) procedures in a manner recognized by secular authorities.Résumé:De nombreux couples musulmans canadiens hésitent à recourir aux procédures judiciaires civiles et tentent plutôt de résoudre leurs différends au sein de la communauté religieuse. Par ailleurs, la non-reconnaissance dans le cadre du droit islamique de l’autorité judiciaire des juges non-musulmans dans certaines affaires de droit de la famille limite la possibilité d’aligner les commandements religieux sur les ordonnances des tribunaux de la famille. En extrapolant les avis juridiques contemporains (fatāwā) émis par les institutions et en relatant les expériences des imams canadiens, cet article documente les points de vue des chercheurs et chercheuses et des praticiens et praticiennes pour démontrer que les divorces laïques ordonnés par un tribunal, et qui sont contestés par le mari, s’avèrent insuffisants pour être considérés comme une forme de dissolution du mariage islamique. En conclusion, cet article montre que les imams canadiens et les fatāwā en appellent au développement d’entités extrajudiciaires qui appliquent les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits (MARC) de la loi islamique d’une manière qui serait reconnue par les autorités laïques.
{"title":"Secular Court-Ordered Divorces: What Modern Fatāwā and Canadian Imams Say","authors":"Yousef Aly Wahb","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Many Canadian Muslim couples are hesitant to resort to civil legal processes and attempt to resolve their disputes within the religious community. Islamic law’s exclusion of non-Muslim judges from holding judicial authority in certain family law matters limits the feasibility of aligning religious commands with family court orders. By extrapolating contemporary legal opinions (fatāwā, sing. fatwā) issued by institutions and narrating experiences of Canadian imams, this article documents the views of both researchers and practitioners, finding that neither holds secular court-ordered divorces contested by the husband to suffice as a form of Islamic marriage dissolution. This article concludes that both Canadian imams and fatwā-issuing bodies call for the development of extra-judicial entities that apply Islamic law’s Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) procedures in a manner recognized by secular authorities.Résumé:De nombreux couples musulmans canadiens hésitent à recourir aux procédures judiciaires civiles et tentent plutôt de résoudre leurs différends au sein de la communauté religieuse. Par ailleurs, la non-reconnaissance dans le cadre du droit islamique de l’autorité judiciaire des juges non-musulmans dans certaines affaires de droit de la famille limite la possibilité d’aligner les commandements religieux sur les ordonnances des tribunaux de la famille. En extrapolant les avis juridiques contemporains (fatāwā) émis par les institutions et en relatant les expériences des imams canadiens, cet article documente les points de vue des chercheurs et chercheuses et des praticiens et praticiennes pour démontrer que les divorces laïques ordonnés par un tribunal, et qui sont contestés par le mari, s’avèrent insuffisants pour être considérés comme une forme de dissolution du mariage islamique. En conclusion, cet article montre que les imams canadiens et les fatāwā en appellent au développement d’entités extrajudiciaires qui appliquent les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits (MARC) de la loi islamique d’une manière qui serait reconnue par les autorités laïques.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"67 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57151475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Tŝilhqot’in Nation has had ample experience exercising its laws and jurisdiction to manage emergencies during record-breaking wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the Nation’s unique opportunity to formally describe and advance its jurisdiction through its landmark Aboriginal title declaration and beyond, in these crises, Crown actors have defaulted to well-worn patterns of colonialism. Through a detailed analysis of recent Tŝilhqot’in experiences of emergency, we argue that provincial and federal responses to these extreme events reveal constitutional habits: patterns of decision-making that emerge in the immediate response to an emergency, so as to appear automatic. Crown emergency responses assume exhaustive Crown jurisdiction and its corollary erasure and dispossession of Tŝilhqot’in jurisdiction. Fortunately, however, habits can change. We show how Tŝilhqot’in responses to emergency reveal alternate constitutional possibilities: habits of coordination, which, through their attention to responsible relationships, build capacity to respond to emergencies and, more broadly, a changing world.Résumé:La nation Tŝilhqot’in possède une longue expérience dans l’exercice de ses lois et de ses compétences dans la gestion des urgences, notamment lors de la pandémie de la COVID-19 et durant les feux de forêt record des dernières années. Malgré l’occasion unique pour cette Nation de décrire officiellement ses compétences et de les faire progresser par le biais de sa déclaration historique de titre ancestral et au-delà, de telles crises ont permis aux acteurs de la Couronne de se rabattre sur les schémas usés du colonialisme. Grâce à une analyse détaillée des expériences récentes des Tŝilhqot’in en matière de gestion des urgences, nous soutenons que les réponses provinciales et fédérales à ces événements extrêmes révèlent des habitudes constitutionnelles, soit des modèles de prise de décision qui émergent dans la réponse immédiate à une urgence tel un automatisme. Les interventions de la Couronne en matière d’urgences supposent que cette dernière aurait la compétence unique sur ce type de situation et par conséquent dépossède la nation Tŝilhqot’in de ses compétences. Heureusement, les habitudes peuvent toutefois changer. Nous montrons dès lors comment les réponses des Tŝilhqot’in à la gestion des urgences révèlent des possibilités constitutionnelles alternatives : des habitudes de coordination qui, par leur attention aux relations responsables, renforcent la capacité de répondre aux urgences et plus largement à un monde en mutation.
{"title":"Crisis, Colonialism and Constitutional Habits: Indigenous jurisdiction in times of emergency","authors":"E. Feltes, Jocelyn Stacey","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Tŝilhqot’in Nation has had ample experience exercising its laws and jurisdiction to manage emergencies during record-breaking wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the Nation’s unique opportunity to formally describe and advance its jurisdiction through its landmark Aboriginal title declaration and beyond, in these crises, Crown actors have defaulted to well-worn patterns of colonialism. Through a detailed analysis of recent Tŝilhqot’in experiences of emergency, we argue that provincial and federal responses to these extreme events reveal constitutional habits: patterns of decision-making that emerge in the immediate response to an emergency, so as to appear automatic. Crown emergency responses assume exhaustive Crown jurisdiction and its corollary erasure and dispossession of Tŝilhqot’in jurisdiction. Fortunately, however, habits can change. We show how Tŝilhqot’in responses to emergency reveal alternate constitutional possibilities: habits of coordination, which, through their attention to responsible relationships, build capacity to respond to emergencies and, more broadly, a changing world.Résumé:La nation Tŝilhqot’in possède une longue expérience dans l’exercice de ses lois et de ses compétences dans la gestion des urgences, notamment lors de la pandémie de la COVID-19 et durant les feux de forêt record des dernières années. Malgré l’occasion unique pour cette Nation de décrire officiellement ses compétences et de les faire progresser par le biais de sa déclaration historique de titre ancestral et au-delà, de telles crises ont permis aux acteurs de la Couronne de se rabattre sur les schémas usés du colonialisme. Grâce à une analyse détaillée des expériences récentes des Tŝilhqot’in en matière de gestion des urgences, nous soutenons que les réponses provinciales et fédérales à ces événements extrêmes révèlent des habitudes constitutionnelles, soit des modèles de prise de décision qui émergent dans la réponse immédiate à une urgence tel un automatisme. Les interventions de la Couronne en matière d’urgences supposent que cette dernière aurait la compétence unique sur ce type de situation et par conséquent dépossède la nation Tŝilhqot’in de ses compétences. Heureusement, les habitudes peuvent toutefois changer. Nous montrons dès lors comment les réponses des Tŝilhqot’in à la gestion des urgences révèlent des possibilités constitutionnelles alternatives : des habitudes de coordination qui, par leur attention aux relations responsables, renforcent la capacité de répondre aux urgences et plus largement à un monde en mutation.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57151392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article explores emotional harm in the context of the criminalization of HIV nondisclosure in Canada. With the exception of Matthew Weait in the United Kingdom, few scholars have examined what harm means in cases of HIV non-disclosure. We conceptualize the harm that follows nondisclosure as an affective response to the “HIV positive Other” and argue that law creates a legal norm about what harm is and feels like in cases of HIV nondisclosure when there is no clear consensus about how harm should be defined. Mobilizing the sociology of emotions literature, we contend that criminalizing HIV nondisclosure engages affective, moral, and criminal censure to regulate the behaviours of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), thus reproducing HIV stigma and propagating emotional harm for PLWH. Canada’s response to HIV nondisclosure should instead involve a transformative justice approach that avoids the harm of criminalization and imprisonment while recognizing the emotional harm experienced by complainants.Résumé:Cet article a pour objet le préjudice émotionnel dans le contexte de la criminalisation de la non-divulgation du VIH au Canada. À l’exception de Matthew Weait au Royaume-Uni, peu d’universitaires ont étudié les significations attribuées aux préjudices dans les cas de non-divulgation du VIH. Dans cet article, nous conceptualisons le préjudice qui découle de la non-divulgation du VIH comme une réponse affective à « l’Autre séropositif » et nous soutenons que le droit canadien crée une norme juridique qui définit restrictivement les préjudices et les manières de ressentir les préjudices dans les cas de non-divulgation du VIH, alors qu’il n’existe pas de consensus clair sur la façon dont ces préjudices doivent être définis. En mobilisant la littérature sur la sociologie des émotions, nous soutenons que la criminalisation de la non-divulgation du VIH a un effet de blâme affectif, moral et criminel visant à réguler les comportements des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA (PVV). Nous montrons d’ailleurs que ce blâme reproduit la stigmatisation du VIH et les préjudices émotionnels chez les PVV. À la lumière de ces implications, nous suggérons que la réponse du Canada à la non-divulgation du VIH devrait plutôt impliquer une approche de justice transformatrice qui évite le préjudice de la criminalisation et de l’emprisonnement tout en reconnaissant les préjudices émotionnels subis par les plaignants.
摘要:本文探讨了加拿大艾滋病保密犯罪背景下的情感伤害。除了英国的Matthew Weait之外，很少有学者研究过不披露艾滋病毒的情况下的伤害意味着什么。我们将不披露之后的伤害概念化为对“艾滋病毒阳性他人”的情感反应，并认为法律创造了一种法律规范，规定了在艾滋病毒不披露的情况下，在如何定义伤害的问题上没有明确的共识的情况下，伤害是什么，感觉是什么。利用情感社会学文献，我们认为将HIV保密定为刑事犯罪涉及情感、道德和刑事谴责，以规范HIV/AIDS感染者(PLWH)的行为，从而再现HIV污名并传播对PLWH的情感伤害。加拿大对不披露艾滋病毒的反应应涉及一种变革性的司法方法，避免定罪和监禁的伤害，同时认识到申诉人所经历的情感伤害。3 .第1条的目的是:在加拿大，将个人信息不泄露定为刑事犯罪的情况下，将个人信息与个人信息交换。À法国皇家大学的例外情况，法国大学的例外情况，以及与其他大学的例外情况，以及与其他大学的例外情况有关的情况。在cet(中央东部东京)的文章中,常识conceptualisons剩下的偏见decoule de la non-divulgation du VIH这样一个反应情感«l另seropositif»等我们soutenons权利法裔加拿大人克里族一个标准juridique, definit restrictivement les偏见等种认识de ressentir les偏见在中科院de non-divulgation du VIH,那么在n 'existe不是这样共识克莱尔在洛杉矶不ces偏见doivent可能definis。En mobilisant la litterature苏尔la sociologie des的情感,理性soutenons乘缆车刑事化de la non-divulgation du VIH联合国effet德指责affectif,道德等criminel visant reguler les遵守des人的场面用VIH / SIDA(组成)。“我不知道你是谁”，“我不知道你是谁”，“我不知道你是谁”。À关于所涉问题的申诉、建议、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不泄露和不泄露关于加拿大的申诉、不涉及加拿大的申诉、不涉及加拿大的申诉、不涉及加拿大的申诉、不涉及加拿大的申诉。
{"title":"Prosecuting and Propagating Emotional Harm: The Criminalisation of HIV Nondisclosure in Canada","authors":"Katarina Bogosavljević, J. Kilty","doi":"10.1017/cls.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores emotional harm in the context of the criminalization of HIV nondisclosure in Canada. With the exception of Matthew Weait in the United Kingdom, few scholars have examined what harm means in cases of HIV non-disclosure. We conceptualize the harm that follows nondisclosure as an affective response to the “HIV positive Other” and argue that law creates a legal norm about what harm is and feels like in cases of HIV nondisclosure when there is no clear consensus about how harm should be defined. Mobilizing the sociology of emotions literature, we contend that criminalizing HIV nondisclosure engages affective, moral, and criminal censure to regulate the behaviours of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), thus reproducing HIV stigma and propagating emotional harm for PLWH. Canada’s response to HIV nondisclosure should instead involve a transformative justice approach that avoids the harm of criminalization and imprisonment while recognizing the emotional harm experienced by complainants.Résumé:Cet article a pour objet le préjudice émotionnel dans le contexte de la criminalisation de la non-divulgation du VIH au Canada. À l’exception de Matthew Weait au Royaume-Uni, peu d’universitaires ont étudié les significations attribuées aux préjudices dans les cas de non-divulgation du VIH. Dans cet article, nous conceptualisons le préjudice qui découle de la non-divulgation du VIH comme une réponse affective à « l’Autre séropositif » et nous soutenons que le droit canadien crée une norme juridique qui définit restrictivement les préjudices et les manières de ressentir les préjudices dans les cas de non-divulgation du VIH, alors qu’il n’existe pas de consensus clair sur la façon dont ces préjudices doivent être définis. En mobilisant la littérature sur la sociologie des émotions, nous soutenons que la criminalisation de la non-divulgation du VIH a un effet de blâme affectif, moral et criminel visant à réguler les comportements des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA (PVV). Nous montrons d’ailleurs que ce blâme reproduit la stigmatisation du VIH et les préjudices émotionnels chez les PVV. À la lumière de ces implications, nous suggérons que la réponse du Canada à la non-divulgation du VIH devrait plutôt impliquer une approche de justice transformatrice qui évite le préjudice de la criminalisation et de l’emprisonnement tout en reconnaissant les préjudices émotionnels subis par les plaignants.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"109 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57151415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:With the 2016 Charity Law, Chinese legislators created a public-private hybrid model for the governance of charitable trusts. By endowing private actors with greater rights in the creation and management of charitable trusts, this hybrid model demonstrates the State’s intention of changing the functioning of the charitable trust sector from complete dependence on the State to a partnership. However, embedded in China’s particular institutional environment, the partnership relationship still bears the mark of strict government control, which is secured by granting extensive powers to regulators. This article analyzes the newly established regulatory framework for charitable trusts and outlines how regulators exercise their power in practice. The findings show that the tradition of regulators being subject to intense administrative pressures remains unchanged and that political concerns permeate every aspect of the regulation of charitable trusts.Résumé:Avec la Loi sur la charité de 2016, les législateurs chinois ont créé un modèle hybride « public-privé » pour la gouvernance des fiducies caritatives. En dotant les acteurs privés de plus de droits dans la création et la gestion des fiducies caritatives, ce modèle hybride démontre la volonté de l’État de faire évoluer le fonctionnement du secteur des fiducies caritatives d’un modèle qui est entièrement régulé l’État vers un modèle de partenariat public-privé. Cependant, dans l’environnement institutionnel particulier de la Chine, la relation de partenariat porte toujours la marque d’un contrôle gouvernemental strict, un contrôle qui est garanti par l’octroi de pouvoirs supplémentaires aux autorités de réglementation. Le présent article analyse le nouveau cadre réglementaire pour les fiducies caritatives et s’attarde à décrire comment les autorités de réglementation exercent leur pouvoir dans la pratique. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la tradition selon laquelle les régulateurs sont soumis à d’intenses pressions administratives reste inchangée et que, par conséquent, les préoccupations politiques continuent à imprégner tous les aspects de la réglementation des fiducies caritatives.
摘要:2016年颁布的《慈善法》开创了公益信托公私混合治理模式。这种混合模式通过赋予私人行为者在慈善信托的创建和管理方面更大的权利，表明国家有意将慈善信托部门的运作从完全依赖国家转变为伙伴关系。然而，在中国特殊的制度环境中，这种伙伴关系仍然带有政府严格控制的印记，这种控制是通过赋予监管机构广泛的权力来保证的。本文分析了新建立的慈善信托监管框架，并概述了监管机构在实践中如何行使权力。调查结果表明，监管机构面临巨大行政压力的传统仍然没有改变，政治关切渗透到慈善信托监管的各个方面。2016年3月1日，《公共-私人-混合公共-私人-混合公共-私人-混合公共-私人-公共-私人治理》。En dotant德加德莱斯acteurs私人肖像所有权在创建et des fiducies la治理caritatives, ce模型hybride demontre意思de l政变的做上勒杜fonctionnement secteur des fiducies caritatives d一个模型是entierement regule我更小联合国模型de partenariat public-prive。在此之前，中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所contrôle、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所、中国环境研究所。本文分析了“新干部的升迁升迁”、“忠诚的升迁升迁”、“权威的升迁升迁”、“升迁升迁”、“升迁升迁”、“升迁升迁”、“升迁升迁”等。从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，从不同的角度看，
{"title":"Political Influence in the Regulation of Chinese Charitable Trusts","authors":"Hu Jing","doi":"10.1017/cls.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With the 2016 Charity Law, Chinese legislators created a public-private hybrid model for the governance of charitable trusts. By endowing private actors with greater rights in the creation and management of charitable trusts, this hybrid model demonstrates the State’s intention of changing the functioning of the charitable trust sector from complete dependence on the State to a partnership. However, embedded in China’s particular institutional environment, the partnership relationship still bears the mark of strict government control, which is secured by granting extensive powers to regulators. This article analyzes the newly established regulatory framework for charitable trusts and outlines how regulators exercise their power in practice. The findings show that the tradition of regulators being subject to intense administrative pressures remains unchanged and that political concerns permeate every aspect of the regulation of charitable trusts.Résumé:Avec la Loi sur la charité de 2016, les législateurs chinois ont créé un modèle hybride « public-privé » pour la gouvernance des fiducies caritatives. En dotant les acteurs privés de plus de droits dans la création et la gestion des fiducies caritatives, ce modèle hybride démontre la volonté de l’État de faire évoluer le fonctionnement du secteur des fiducies caritatives d’un modèle qui est entièrement régulé l’État vers un modèle de partenariat public-privé. Cependant, dans l’environnement institutionnel particulier de la Chine, la relation de partenariat porte toujours la marque d’un contrôle gouvernemental strict, un contrôle qui est garanti par l’octroi de pouvoirs supplémentaires aux autorités de réglementation. Le présent article analyse le nouveau cadre réglementaire pour les fiducies caritatives et s’attarde à décrire comment les autorités de réglementation exercent leur pouvoir dans la pratique. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la tradition selon laquelle les régulateurs sont soumis à d’intenses pressions administratives reste inchangée et que, par conséquent, les préoccupations politiques continuent à imprégner tous les aspects de la réglementation des fiducies caritatives.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"46 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57151362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Youths in care are among the most vulnerable youths in our society. All youths in care have experienced trauma and sometimes exhibit trauma-induced behaviours which are perceived by others as disruptive or dangerous. The police are frequently called, which begins a cycle of criminalization for many youths, with racialized youths overrepresented in this group. Using an intersectional theoretical framework, this article shows how discriminatory perceptions of race and mental health influence justice system actors’ decision-making, from arrest to bail. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with twenty-five young adults (ages 18 to 24) who have had contact with the child welfare and criminal justice systems and ten practicing lawyers in Ontario, the analysis reveals race-based differences in justice system actors’ responses to mental illness. Discriminatory views function as a lens through which racialized and mentally ill youths leaving care are perceived as threats and met with more punitive responses.
{"title":"Punitive Justice: When Race and Mental Illness Collide in the Early Stages of the Criminal Justice System","authors":"Marsha Rampersaud","doi":"10.1017/cls.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Youths in care are among the most vulnerable youths in our society. All youths in care have experienced trauma and sometimes exhibit trauma-induced behaviours which are perceived by others as disruptive or dangerous. The police are frequently called, which begins a cycle of criminalization for many youths, with racialized youths overrepresented in this group. Using an intersectional theoretical framework, this article shows how discriminatory perceptions of race and mental health influence justice system actors’ decision-making, from arrest to bail. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with twenty-five young adults (ages 18 to 24) who have had contact with the child welfare and criminal justice systems and ten practicing lawyers in Ontario, the analysis reveals race-based differences in justice system actors’ responses to mental illness. Discriminatory views function as a lens through which racialized and mentally ill youths leaving care are perceived as threats and met with more punitive responses.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"387 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43529448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines how exploitation informs judicial interpretations of human trafficking in Canadian criminal cases. While socio-legal and popular notions of trafficking often suggest that forced movement into a decidedly exploitative labour context is required, our analysis of key appellate cases and constitutional challenges reveals that actual exploitation is not a necessary element of the offence. Instead, the trafficking in persons provision criminalizes the intent to exploit, while requiring the court to adopt an “objective” assessment of whether a reasonable person in the complainant’s circumstances could potentially fear for their safety in the context of providing (sexual) labour. We argue that this objective standard contributes to a gendered hierarchy of legal knowledge and ultimately privileges the perceived masculinized rationality of the courts and legal actors while rendering the subjective experiences of complainants as less central to the prosecution of human trafficking.
{"title":"Courting Victims: Exploring the Legal Framing of Exploitation in Human Trafficking Cases","authors":"M. Sibley, Emily van der Meulen","doi":"10.1017/cls.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines how exploitation informs judicial interpretations of human trafficking in Canadian criminal cases. While socio-legal and popular notions of trafficking often suggest that forced movement into a decidedly exploitative labour context is required, our analysis of key appellate cases and constitutional challenges reveals that actual exploitation is not a necessary element of the offence. Instead, the trafficking in persons provision criminalizes the intent to exploit, while requiring the court to adopt an “objective” assessment of whether a reasonable person in the complainant’s circumstances could potentially fear for their safety in the context of providing (sexual) labour. We argue that this objective standard contributes to a gendered hierarchy of legal knowledge and ultimately privileges the perceived masculinized rationality of the courts and legal actors while rendering the subjective experiences of complainants as less central to the prosecution of human trafficking.","PeriodicalId":45293,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Law and Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"409 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43840743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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