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L’accord sujet-verbe avec ou et avec ni en français : une approche expérimentale 法语中主语动词与ou和ni的一致:一种实验方法
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.3917/lang.223.0043
Aixiu An, Abeillé
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引用次数: 0
L’ellipse verbale enchâssée dans les langues romanes 罗曼语中嵌入的动词椭圆
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.3917/lang.223.0061
Gabriela Bîlbîie, Israel De La Fuente, Abeillé
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引用次数: 4
Le futur comme temps magique. Inš’Allah entre dogme, modalisation et superstition 未来是神奇的时光。Inš’Allah迷信、教条和非线性参数之间
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.3917/lang.222.0095
Lotfi Abouda, Y. Ben Ahmed
Ins’Allah introduit une proportion importante d’enonces au futur en arabe tunisien. Cette sequence connait une multitude d’emplois laicises, issus de la pragmaticalisation de son sens religieux initial. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, d’identifier l’origine de l’expression et de restituer le mecanisme de pragmaticalisation qu’elle a connu et, de l’autre, de determiner ses proprietes distributionnelles et ses principales valeurs semantico-pragmatiques en contexte. L’identification des types d’emploi et leur classement s’appuie sur l’exploration exhaustive d’un corpus oral authentique d’environ 450 occurrences. Leur examen permet la reconnaissance d’une multitude d’emplois contextuels distincts, qui seront decrits et illustres, puis relies par une hypothese d’explication anthropologique qui voit dans l’usage de cette sequence le reflet d’une conception du futur comme un temps magique non entierement domestique.
in ' allah在突尼斯阿拉伯语中引入了很大比例的未来符号。这个序列知道大量的世俗用途,源于其最初的宗教意义的实用主义。本文的目的是,一方面,识别表达的起源,恢复它所经历的语用化机制,另一方面,确定其分布属性和语境中的主要语义-语用价值。工作类型的识别和分类是基于对大约450次出现的真实口头语料库的详尽探索。对它们的检查允许识别大量不同的上下文用途,这些用途将被描述和说明,然后通过人类学解释的假设联系起来,在这个序列的使用中看到对未来的概念的反映,作为一个神奇的时间,而不是完全国内的。
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引用次数: 0
How Good Are Native Speakers at Evaluating Pragmatic Competence? Native Speaker Assessments of Learner Status and Appropriate Pragmatic Behaviour in English 母语人士在评估语用能力方面有多擅长?母语人士对英语学习者地位和适当语用行为的评价
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.3917/lang.222.0113
Pawel Sickinger, Katrin Renkwitz
Cet article rend compte d’une etude de perception. Des locuteurs natifs (anglais et allemands ayant l’anglais comme L2) doivent identifier le statut d'apprenant ou de locuteur natif de l’auteur d’une demande. Les donnees suggerent que le taux de reussite pour distinguer un locuteur natif d’un apprenant grâce a la performance linguistique releve presque du hasard. L’identification d’un locuteur comme locuteur natif est incontestablement liee a la comprehensibilite, l'authenticite percue ainsi qu’a l'absence d'erreurs formelles. Sur la base de ces resultats, nous questionnons la capacite des locuteurs natifs a evaluer intuitivement le comportement communicatif ressemblant a celui d’un locuteur natif au-dela des aspects formels. Ensuite, nous abordons l’importance qu’ont ces resultats par rapport aux demarches d’inclusion de la competence pragmatique dans les tests de langue et la certification linguistique.
本文报道了一项感知研究。以英语为第二语言的母语人士(英语和德语)必须确定申请人是学习者还是以英语为第二语言的人。数据表明,通过语言表现区分母语者和学习者的成功率几乎是偶然的。毫无疑问,将说话者识别为母语者与可理解性、真实性和没有形式错误有关。基于这些结果,我们质疑以英语为母语的人在正式方面之外直观地评估类似于以英语为母语的人的交际行为的能力。然后,我们讨论了这些结果对将语用能力纳入语言测试和语言认证的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Éditorial
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.3917/lang.222.0005
C. Schnedecker, Céline Vaguer
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引用次数: 0
Reflexive and Reciprocal Encoding in the Australian Mixed Language, Light Warlpiri 澳大利亚混合语言的自反和互反编码,光瓦尔皮里
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020105
Carmel O’Shannessy, Connor Brown
Mixed languages combine significant amounts of grammatical and lexical material from more than one source language in systematic ways. The Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri, combines nominal morphology from Warlpiri with verbal morphology from Kriol (an English-lexified Creole) and English, with innovations. The source languages of Light Warlpiri differ in how they encode reflexives and reciprocals—Warlpiri uses an auxiliary clitic for both reflexive and reciprocal expression, while English and Kriol both use pronominal forms, and largely have separate forms for reflexives and reciprocals. English distinguishes person and number in reflexives, but not in reciprocals; the other source languages do not distinguish person or number. This study draws on naturalistic and elicited production data to examine how reflexive and reciprocal events are encoded in Light Warlpiri. The study finds that Light Warlpiri combines near-maximal distinctions from the source languages, but in a way that is not a mirror of any. It retains the person and number distinctions of English reflexives and extends them to reciprocals, using the same forms for reflexives and reciprocals (like Warlpiri). Reflexives and reciprocals occur within a verbal structure (perhaps under influence from Warlpiri). The results show that a mixed language can have discrete contributions from three languages, that the source languages can influence different subsystems to different extents, and that near-maximal distinctions from the source languages can be maintained.
混合语言以系统的方式将多种源语言的大量语法和词汇材料结合在一起。澳大利亚的混合语言,轻型瓦尔皮里语,结合了瓦尔皮里语的名义词法和克里奥尔语(一种英语化的克里奥尔语)和英语的词法,并进行了创新。光之Warlpiri的源语言在如何编码反身性和互向性方面有所不同——Warlpiri语使用辅助定语来表达反身性和互向性,而英语和Kriol语都使用代词形式,并且在很大程度上有单独的反身性和互向性形式。英语在反身代词中区分人称和数,而在反身代词中不区分;其他源语言不区分人或数。本研究利用自然的和诱导的生产数据来检查反射和互惠事件是如何在光Warlpiri中编码的。研究发现,光瓦尔皮里语与源语言结合了近乎最大的差异,但在某种程度上,它并不是任何源语言的镜像。它保留了英语反身代词的人称和数的区别,并将其扩展到往复式,使用相同的反身代词和往复式的形式(如Warlpiri)。反身和互反发生在一个言语结构中(可能受Warlpiri的影响)。结果表明,混合语言可以具有三种语言的离散贡献,源语言可以对不同的子系统产生不同程度的影响,并且可以保持与源语言的近最大区别。
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引用次数: 2
Matjarr Djuyal: How Using Gesture in Teaching Gathang Helps Preschoolers Learn Nouns Matjarr Djuyal:如何在教学中使用手势帮助学龄前儿童学习名词
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020103
A. Radley, Caroline Jones, José Hanham, Mark Richards
There are important efforts being made to revitalise Aboriginal languages in Australia, which are both pedagogically and culturally appropriate. This research seeks to expand the current knowledge of the effectiveness of gesturing as a teaching strategy for young children learning the Gathang language. An experimental method was used to investigate the effectiveness of gesture by employing a context in which other variables (e.g., other teaching pedagogies) could be held constant. Participants, age range 4–5.2 years, were taught Gathang nouns with gesture and without gesture, alongside verbal and pictorial instruction. After the teaching sessions, each child was assessed for their receptive and expressive knowledge of the Gathang nouns, at two time points, two days after instruction (post-test 1) and one week after (post-test 2). At post-test 2, children had stronger receptive knowledge for words they had learned with gesture than without. These findings contribute to a growing body of research attesting to the effectiveness of gesture for improving knowledge acquisition amongst learners. In the context of Aboriginal language revitalisation, gesture also aligns with traditional teaching practices and offers a relatively low-cost strategy for helping teachers assist their students in acquiring Aboriginal languages.
正在作出重大努力,以振兴澳大利亚的土著语言,这些语言在教学和文化上都是适当的。本研究旨在扩大目前关于手势作为幼儿学习加唐语教学策略有效性的知识。我们采用了一种实验方法,通过使用其他变量(例如,其他教学方法)保持不变的上下文来研究手势的有效性。年龄在4-5.2岁之间的参与者,在口头和图片的指导下,学习了有手势和没有手势的Gathang名词。教学结束后,在两个时间点,即教学后两天(后测试1)和一周后(后测试2),对每个孩子对Gathang名词的接受和表达能力进行评估。在后测试2中,孩子们对用手势学习的单词的接受能力比没有用手势学习的单词强。这些发现有助于越来越多的研究证明手势在提高学习者知识获取方面的有效性。在原住民语言复兴的背景下,手势也与传统教学实践保持一致,并提供了一种相对低成本的策略来帮助教师帮助学生学习原住民语言。
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引用次数: 1
Maternal Cultural Orientation and Speech Sound Production in Spanish/English Dual Language Preschoolers 西班牙语/英语双语学龄前儿童的母亲文化取向与语音产生
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020078
S. Montanari, R. Mayr, K. Subrahmanyam
Empirical work has shown that maternal education is related to children’s language outcomes, especially in the societal language, among Spanish-English bilingual children growing up in the U.S. However, no study thus far has assessed the links between maternal cultural orientation and children’s speech sound production. This paper explores whether mothers’ orientation to American (acculturation) and Mexican culture (enculturation) and overall linear acculturation are related to children’s accuracy of production of consonants, of different sound classes, and of phonemes shared and unshared between languages in both English and Spanish at age 4;6 (4 years and 6 months). The results reveal a link between maternal acculturation and children’s segmental accuracy in English, but no relation was found between mothers’ enculturation and children’s speech sound production in Spanish. We interpreted the results in English as suggesting that more American-oriented mothers may have been using more English with their children, boosting their English production abilities and promoting English speech sound development. At the same time, we speculate that the results in Spanish were possibly due to the high and homogeneous levels of Mexican orientation among mothers, to language input differences attributable to distinct cultural practices, or to the status of Spanish as a minority language.
实证研究表明,在美国长大的西英双语儿童中,母亲的教育与儿童的语言成果有关,特别是在社会语言方面。然而,迄今为止还没有研究评估母亲的文化取向与儿童语音产生之间的联系。本文探讨了母亲对美国(文化适应)和墨西哥文化(文化适应)的倾向以及整体的线性文化适应是否与儿童在4岁和6岁(4岁零6个月)时英语和西班牙语中辅音、不同音类以及共享和非共享音素产生的准确性有关。结果表明,母亲的文化适应与儿童的英语分词准确性之间存在联系,但母亲的文化适应与儿童的西班牙语语音产生之间没有关系。我们用英语来解释这一结果,表明更多的美国母亲可能会更多地与孩子一起使用英语,从而提高他们的英语表达能力,促进英语语音的发展。同时,我们推测西班牙语的结果可能是由于母亲中墨西哥倾向的高水平和同质性,由于不同的文化习俗导致的语言输入差异,或者西班牙语作为少数民族语言的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphors and Persuasion in Healthcare Communication 医疗沟通中的隐喻与说服
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/lang.222.0059
M. Rossi
L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer comment les metaphores peuvent etre utilisees comme outils pedagogiques dans des contextes medicaux. Partant d’une reflexion sur les metaphores en tant que strategies persuasives caracterisees par des arguments implicites ou condenses, cet article examine les conditions sous lesquelles les metaphores lors des consultations medicales favorisent la construction d’un terrain d’entente et permettent ainsi une meilleure comprehension par les patients et une participation accrue de ces derniers dans la prise de decisions. En utilisant des principes issus de l’approche pragmatique interculturelle developpee par Kecskes (2014), des extraits d’interactions patient-prestataire sont discutes pour determiner si les metaphores sont appropriees ou non.
本文的主要目的是展示隐喻如何在医学环境中作为教育工具使用。metaphores上出发,反思作为说服力的论点隐含或condenses caracterisees策略,本文在何种条件下metaphores调研协商过程中促进了建造一个共同点,从而使患者更好的理解和更广泛地参与这些决策的决定。利用Kecskes(2014)提出的跨文化实用主义方法的原则,讨论了患者-提供者互动的摘录,以确定隐喻是否合适。
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引用次数: 3
Communication et intercompréhension : regards croisés de la pragmatique interculturelle et de la pragmatique contrastive 交际与相互理解:跨文化语用学与对比语用学的交叉视角
IF 0.4 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/lang.222.0007
F. Baider, Georgeta Cislaru
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引用次数: 0
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Langages
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