{"title":"L’accord sujet-verbe avec ou et avec ni en français : une approche expérimentale","authors":"Aixiu An, Abeillé","doi":"10.3917/lang.223.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.223.0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84643399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’ellipse verbale enchâssée dans les langues romanes","authors":"Gabriela Bîlbîie, Israel De La Fuente, Abeillé","doi":"10.3917/lang.223.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.223.0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"0702 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82466641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ins’Allah introduit une proportion importante d’enonces au futur en arabe tunisien. Cette sequence connait une multitude d’emplois laicises, issus de la pragmaticalisation de son sens religieux initial. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, d’identifier l’origine de l’expression et de restituer le mecanisme de pragmaticalisation qu’elle a connu et, de l’autre, de determiner ses proprietes distributionnelles et ses principales valeurs semantico-pragmatiques en contexte. L’identification des types d’emploi et leur classement s’appuie sur l’exploration exhaustive d’un corpus oral authentique d’environ 450 occurrences. Leur examen permet la reconnaissance d’une multitude d’emplois contextuels distincts, qui seront decrits et illustres, puis relies par une hypothese d’explication anthropologique qui voit dans l’usage de cette sequence le reflet d’une conception du futur comme un temps magique non entierement domestique.
in ' allah在突尼斯阿拉伯语中引入了很大比例的未来符号。这个序列知道大量的世俗用途,源于其最初的宗教意义的实用主义。本文的目的是,一方面,识别表达的起源,恢复它所经历的语用化机制,另一方面,确定其分布属性和语境中的主要语义-语用价值。工作类型的识别和分类是基于对大约450次出现的真实口头语料库的详尽探索。对它们的检查允许识别大量不同的上下文用途,这些用途将被描述和说明,然后通过人类学解释的假设联系起来,在这个序列的使用中看到对未来的概念的反映,作为一个神奇的时间,而不是完全国内的。
{"title":"Le futur comme temps magique. Inš’Allah entre dogme, modalisation et superstition","authors":"Lotfi Abouda, Y. Ben Ahmed","doi":"10.3917/lang.222.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.222.0095","url":null,"abstract":"Ins’Allah introduit une proportion importante d’enonces au futur en arabe tunisien. Cette sequence connait une multitude d’emplois laicises, issus de la pragmaticalisation de son sens religieux initial. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, d’identifier l’origine de l’expression et de restituer le mecanisme de pragmaticalisation qu’elle a connu et, de l’autre, de determiner ses proprietes distributionnelles et ses principales valeurs semantico-pragmatiques en contexte. L’identification des types d’emploi et leur classement s’appuie sur l’exploration exhaustive d’un corpus oral authentique d’environ 450 occurrences. Leur examen permet la reconnaissance d’une multitude d’emplois contextuels distincts, qui seront decrits et illustres, puis relies par une hypothese d’explication anthropologique qui voit dans l’usage de cette sequence le reflet d’une conception du futur comme un temps magique non entierement domestique.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87161914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article rend compte d’une etude de perception. Des locuteurs natifs (anglais et allemands ayant l’anglais comme L2) doivent identifier le statut d'apprenant ou de locuteur natif de l’auteur d’une demande. Les donnees suggerent que le taux de reussite pour distinguer un locuteur natif d’un apprenant grâce a la performance linguistique releve presque du hasard. L’identification d’un locuteur comme locuteur natif est incontestablement liee a la comprehensibilite, l'authenticite percue ainsi qu’a l'absence d'erreurs formelles. Sur la base de ces resultats, nous questionnons la capacite des locuteurs natifs a evaluer intuitivement le comportement communicatif ressemblant a celui d’un locuteur natif au-dela des aspects formels. Ensuite, nous abordons l’importance qu’ont ces resultats par rapport aux demarches d’inclusion de la competence pragmatique dans les tests de langue et la certification linguistique.
{"title":"How Good Are Native Speakers at Evaluating Pragmatic Competence? Native Speaker Assessments of Learner Status and Appropriate Pragmatic Behaviour in English","authors":"Pawel Sickinger, Katrin Renkwitz","doi":"10.3917/lang.222.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.222.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article rend compte d’une etude de perception. Des locuteurs natifs (anglais et allemands ayant l’anglais comme L2) doivent identifier le statut d'apprenant ou de locuteur natif de l’auteur d’une demande. Les donnees suggerent que le taux de reussite pour distinguer un locuteur natif d’un apprenant grâce a la performance linguistique releve presque du hasard. L’identification d’un locuteur comme locuteur natif est incontestablement liee a la comprehensibilite, l'authenticite percue ainsi qu’a l'absence d'erreurs formelles. Sur la base de ces resultats, nous questionnons la capacite des locuteurs natifs a evaluer intuitivement le comportement communicatif ressemblant a celui d’un locuteur natif au-dela des aspects formels. Ensuite, nous abordons l’importance qu’ont ces resultats par rapport aux demarches d’inclusion de la competence pragmatique dans les tests de langue et la certification linguistique.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020105
Carmel O’Shannessy, Connor Brown
Mixed languages combine significant amounts of grammatical and lexical material from more than one source language in systematic ways. The Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri, combines nominal morphology from Warlpiri with verbal morphology from Kriol (an English-lexified Creole) and English, with innovations. The source languages of Light Warlpiri differ in how they encode reflexives and reciprocals—Warlpiri uses an auxiliary clitic for both reflexive and reciprocal expression, while English and Kriol both use pronominal forms, and largely have separate forms for reflexives and reciprocals. English distinguishes person and number in reflexives, but not in reciprocals; the other source languages do not distinguish person or number. This study draws on naturalistic and elicited production data to examine how reflexive and reciprocal events are encoded in Light Warlpiri. The study finds that Light Warlpiri combines near-maximal distinctions from the source languages, but in a way that is not a mirror of any. It retains the person and number distinctions of English reflexives and extends them to reciprocals, using the same forms for reflexives and reciprocals (like Warlpiri). Reflexives and reciprocals occur within a verbal structure (perhaps under influence from Warlpiri). The results show that a mixed language can have discrete contributions from three languages, that the source languages can influence different subsystems to different extents, and that near-maximal distinctions from the source languages can be maintained.
{"title":"Reflexive and Reciprocal Encoding in the Australian Mixed Language, Light Warlpiri","authors":"Carmel O’Shannessy, Connor Brown","doi":"10.3390/LANGUAGES6020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/LANGUAGES6020105","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed languages combine significant amounts of grammatical and lexical material from more than one source language in systematic ways. The Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri, combines nominal morphology from Warlpiri with verbal morphology from Kriol (an English-lexified Creole) and English, with innovations. The source languages of Light Warlpiri differ in how they encode reflexives and reciprocals—Warlpiri uses an auxiliary clitic for both reflexive and reciprocal expression, while English and Kriol both use pronominal forms, and largely have separate forms for reflexives and reciprocals. English distinguishes person and number in reflexives, but not in reciprocals; the other source languages do not distinguish person or number. This study draws on naturalistic and elicited production data to examine how reflexive and reciprocal events are encoded in Light Warlpiri. The study finds that Light Warlpiri combines near-maximal distinctions from the source languages, but in a way that is not a mirror of any. It retains the person and number distinctions of English reflexives and extends them to reciprocals, using the same forms for reflexives and reciprocals (like Warlpiri). Reflexives and reciprocals occur within a verbal structure (perhaps under influence from Warlpiri). The results show that a mixed language can have discrete contributions from three languages, that the source languages can influence different subsystems to different extents, and that near-maximal distinctions from the source languages can be maintained.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"41 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74918039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020103
A. Radley, Caroline Jones, José Hanham, Mark Richards
There are important efforts being made to revitalise Aboriginal languages in Australia, which are both pedagogically and culturally appropriate. This research seeks to expand the current knowledge of the effectiveness of gesturing as a teaching strategy for young children learning the Gathang language. An experimental method was used to investigate the effectiveness of gesture by employing a context in which other variables (e.g., other teaching pedagogies) could be held constant. Participants, age range 4–5.2 years, were taught Gathang nouns with gesture and without gesture, alongside verbal and pictorial instruction. After the teaching sessions, each child was assessed for their receptive and expressive knowledge of the Gathang nouns, at two time points, two days after instruction (post-test 1) and one week after (post-test 2). At post-test 2, children had stronger receptive knowledge for words they had learned with gesture than without. These findings contribute to a growing body of research attesting to the effectiveness of gesture for improving knowledge acquisition amongst learners. In the context of Aboriginal language revitalisation, gesture also aligns with traditional teaching practices and offers a relatively low-cost strategy for helping teachers assist their students in acquiring Aboriginal languages.
{"title":"Matjarr Djuyal: How Using Gesture in Teaching Gathang Helps Preschoolers Learn Nouns","authors":"A. Radley, Caroline Jones, José Hanham, Mark Richards","doi":"10.3390/LANGUAGES6020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/LANGUAGES6020103","url":null,"abstract":"There are important efforts being made to revitalise Aboriginal languages in Australia, which are both pedagogically and culturally appropriate. This research seeks to expand the current knowledge of the effectiveness of gesturing as a teaching strategy for young children learning the Gathang language. An experimental method was used to investigate the effectiveness of gesture by employing a context in which other variables (e.g., other teaching pedagogies) could be held constant. Participants, age range 4–5.2 years, were taught Gathang nouns with gesture and without gesture, alongside verbal and pictorial instruction. After the teaching sessions, each child was assessed for their receptive and expressive knowledge of the Gathang nouns, at two time points, two days after instruction (post-test 1) and one week after (post-test 2). At post-test 2, children had stronger receptive knowledge for words they had learned with gesture than without. These findings contribute to a growing body of research attesting to the effectiveness of gesture for improving knowledge acquisition amongst learners. In the context of Aboriginal language revitalisation, gesture also aligns with traditional teaching practices and offers a relatively low-cost strategy for helping teachers assist their students in acquiring Aboriginal languages.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"40 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85221254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.3390/LANGUAGES6020078
S. Montanari, R. Mayr, K. Subrahmanyam
Empirical work has shown that maternal education is related to children’s language outcomes, especially in the societal language, among Spanish-English bilingual children growing up in the U.S. However, no study thus far has assessed the links between maternal cultural orientation and children’s speech sound production. This paper explores whether mothers’ orientation to American (acculturation) and Mexican culture (enculturation) and overall linear acculturation are related to children’s accuracy of production of consonants, of different sound classes, and of phonemes shared and unshared between languages in both English and Spanish at age 4;6 (4 years and 6 months). The results reveal a link between maternal acculturation and children’s segmental accuracy in English, but no relation was found between mothers’ enculturation and children’s speech sound production in Spanish. We interpreted the results in English as suggesting that more American-oriented mothers may have been using more English with their children, boosting their English production abilities and promoting English speech sound development. At the same time, we speculate that the results in Spanish were possibly due to the high and homogeneous levels of Mexican orientation among mothers, to language input differences attributable to distinct cultural practices, or to the status of Spanish as a minority language.
{"title":"Maternal Cultural Orientation and Speech Sound Production in Spanish/English Dual Language Preschoolers","authors":"S. Montanari, R. Mayr, K. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.3390/LANGUAGES6020078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/LANGUAGES6020078","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical work has shown that maternal education is related to children’s language outcomes, especially in the societal language, among Spanish-English bilingual children growing up in the U.S. However, no study thus far has assessed the links between maternal cultural orientation and children’s speech sound production. This paper explores whether mothers’ orientation to American (acculturation) and Mexican culture (enculturation) and overall linear acculturation are related to children’s accuracy of production of consonants, of different sound classes, and of phonemes shared and unshared between languages in both English and Spanish at age 4;6 (4 years and 6 months). The results reveal a link between maternal acculturation and children’s segmental accuracy in English, but no relation was found between mothers’ enculturation and children’s speech sound production in Spanish. We interpreted the results in English as suggesting that more American-oriented mothers may have been using more English with their children, boosting their English production abilities and promoting English speech sound development. At the same time, we speculate that the results in Spanish were possibly due to the high and homogeneous levels of Mexican orientation among mothers, to language input differences attributable to distinct cultural practices, or to the status of Spanish as a minority language.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"15 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer comment les metaphores peuvent etre utilisees comme outils pedagogiques dans des contextes medicaux. Partant d’une reflexion sur les metaphores en tant que strategies persuasives caracterisees par des arguments implicites ou condenses, cet article examine les conditions sous lesquelles les metaphores lors des consultations medicales favorisent la construction d’un terrain d’entente et permettent ainsi une meilleure comprehension par les patients et une participation accrue de ces derniers dans la prise de decisions. En utilisant des principes issus de l’approche pragmatique interculturelle developpee par Kecskes (2014), des extraits d’interactions patient-prestataire sont discutes pour determiner si les metaphores sont appropriees ou non.
{"title":"Metaphors and Persuasion in Healthcare Communication","authors":"M. Rossi","doi":"10.3917/lang.222.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.222.0059","url":null,"abstract":"L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer comment les metaphores peuvent etre utilisees comme outils pedagogiques dans des contextes medicaux. Partant d’une reflexion sur les metaphores en tant que strategies persuasives caracterisees par des arguments implicites ou condenses, cet article examine les conditions sous lesquelles les metaphores lors des consultations medicales favorisent la construction d’un terrain d’entente et permettent ainsi une meilleure comprehension par les patients et une participation accrue de ces derniers dans la prise de decisions. En utilisant des principes issus de l’approche pragmatique interculturelle developpee par Kecskes (2014), des extraits d’interactions patient-prestataire sont discutes pour determiner si les metaphores sont appropriees ou non.","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85014747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication et intercompréhension : regards croisés de la pragmatique interculturelle et de la pragmatique contrastive","authors":"F. Baider, Georgeta Cislaru","doi":"10.3917/lang.222.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lang.222.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45337,"journal":{"name":"Langages","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80633256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}