Abstract:Using data from a large representative longitudinal sample of older adults in China, the current study examines the associations between living arrangements and disability measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The cross-sectional models showed that living alone was associated with the lowest odds of disability among all the seven types of living arrangements. Living with others who are not spouses or offspring and living in an institution were linked to the highest odds of disability, particularly in more recent waves. Other forms of living arrangements such as living with spouse only, living with adult children and living in skipped-generation households lay somewhere in the middle in the correlation to disability. Findings from the transitional models revealed that moving from independent living towards co-residence with family corresponded to higher risks of disability. Overall, the associations were stronger for ADL disability than for IADL disability. The authors observed temporal fluctuations rather than linear trends in these patterns across the 16 years of the study from 2002 to 2018. Study implications are discussed.
{"title":"Living Arrangements and Disability Among Older Adults in China","authors":"M. Wen, D. Gu","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Using data from a large representative longitudinal sample of older adults in China, the current study examines the associations between living arrangements and disability measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The cross-sectional models showed that living alone was associated with the lowest odds of disability among all the seven types of living arrangements. Living with others who are not spouses or offspring and living in an institution were linked to the highest odds of disability, particularly in more recent waves. Other forms of living arrangements such as living with spouse only, living with adult children and living in skipped-generation households lay somewhere in the middle in the correlation to disability. Findings from the transitional models revealed that moving from independent living towards co-residence with family corresponded to higher risks of disability. Overall, the associations were stronger for ADL disability than for IADL disability. The authors observed temporal fluctuations rather than linear trends in these patterns across the 16 years of the study from 2002 to 2018. Study implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The tragedy of history's greatest-scaled Malthusian stagnation—the famine and disorder of mid 20th century China—instigated not only dramatic economic reforms from late 1978, but also unique demographic agendas. Separately China's economic and demographic agendas have received substantial attention in the literature. Although their cointegration appears to have formed a fundamental pillar of China's recent economic development success, that integration has received relatively little attention in the literature. This article elaborates China's long-run economic demography approach to its modernisation agenda and the implications for China's ageing-intensifying development prospects. This contributes to the related academic record and sets out what is prospectively a very informative and useful economic development policy reference point for policymaking in all countries.
{"title":"\"Getting Old Before Getting Rich\": Origins and Policy Responses in China","authors":"L. Johnston","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The tragedy of history's greatest-scaled Malthusian stagnation—the famine and disorder of mid 20th century China—instigated not only dramatic economic reforms from late 1978, but also unique demographic agendas. Separately China's economic and demographic agendas have received substantial attention in the literature. Although their cointegration appears to have formed a fundamental pillar of China's recent economic development success, that integration has received relatively little attention in the literature. This article elaborates China's long-run economic demography approach to its modernisation agenda and the implications for China's ageing-intensifying development prospects. This contributes to the related academic record and sets out what is prospectively a very informative and useful economic development policy reference point for policymaking in all countries.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45934235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In 2016, China launched its public long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilots in 15 cities, which have recently been expanded to more areas across the country, signalling a policy move towards a public social insurance model of long-term care financing. This article provides a timely review and assessment of these LTCI pilots. It begins with an overview of the overarching policy guidelines from the central government, followed by a description of local designs and key LTCI policy features by highlighting the similarities and differences across all pilot cities. It also discusses the strengths and limitations, implementation challenges and future prospects of these LTCI pilots.
{"title":"Understanding China's Long-term Care Insurance Pilots: Key Features, Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Zhanlian Feng, Xiao-Ming Zhuang, E. Glinskaya","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 2016, China launched its public long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilots in 15 cities, which have recently been expanded to more areas across the country, signalling a policy move towards a public social insurance model of long-term care financing. This article provides a timely review and assessment of these LTCI pilots. It begins with an overview of the overarching policy guidelines from the central government, followed by a description of local designs and key LTCI policy features by highlighting the similarities and differences across all pilot cities. It also discusses the strengths and limitations, implementation challenges and future prospects of these LTCI pilots.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48555962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population ageing is one of the mega trends of the 21st century. It is a key driver of economic and social transformations as societies with a growing number and share of older adults are making efforts to maintain economic competitiveness and social vibrancy. In the developed world, population ageing is part of the larger post-industrial challenges that catalyse changes to employment, retirement and welfare state institutions.
{"title":"The Economic and Social Impacts of Population Ageing: China in a Global Perspective","authors":"B. Hofman, S. Tong, Litao Zhao","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Population ageing is one of the mega trends of the 21st century. It is a key driver of economic and social transformations as societies with a growing number and share of older adults are making efforts to maintain economic competitiveness and social vibrancy. In the developed world, population ageing is part of the larger post-industrial challenges that catalyse changes to employment, retirement and welfare state institutions.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China–Asean Relations April 2021 to June 2021: Important Documents","authors":"Juan Chen","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45175654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Based on Web of Science records of ageing-related studies published during the 1900–2020 period, this article presents a review and comparison of economic studies on ageing in the global context and on the East and Southeast Asian economies. The analysis demonstrates that the global trend of these studies increasingly takes an interdisciplinary approach, and those on East and Southeast Asian economies have similarly expanded into various subdisciplines and covered more geographic locations. There are however gradual shifts in the focus of key areas of studies. Economic studies on ageing in East and Southeast Asian contexts are considerably less influential in that they are fewer in number and receive fewer citations. They also have a stronger emphasis on management efficiency, e.g. "operations research management science", but less on equitable management of relations in the workplace, such as industrial/labour relations. Overall, there are serious gaps in economic studies on ageing for the rapidly ageing societies in Asia, with respect to both geographic coverage and topical investigation.
摘要：基于1900-2020年期间发表的老龄化相关研究的Web of Science记录，本文对全球背景下老龄化经济研究以及东亚和东南亚经济体的老龄化研究进行了回顾和比较。分析表明，这些研究的全球趋势越来越采取跨学科的方法，而东亚和东南亚经济体的研究也同样扩展到了各个子学科，涵盖了更多的地理位置。然而，关键研究领域的重点正在逐渐转变。东亚和东南亚背景下关于老龄化的经济研究的影响力要小得多，因为它们的数量较少，被引用的次数也较少。他们也更加强调管理效率，例如“运筹学管理科学”，但较少强调公平管理工作场所的关系，例如劳资关系。总的来说，亚洲快速老龄化社会的老龄化经济研究在地理覆盖范围和专题调查方面都存在严重差距。
{"title":"Ageing Studies from Global and East and Southeast Asia Perspectives: Economic Literature Review Based on the Web of Science","authors":"Yao Li, S. Tong, Jing Yee Chua","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Based on Web of Science records of ageing-related studies published during the 1900–2020 period, this article presents a review and comparison of economic studies on ageing in the global context and on the East and Southeast Asian economies. The analysis demonstrates that the global trend of these studies increasingly takes an interdisciplinary approach, and those on East and Southeast Asian economies have similarly expanded into various subdisciplines and covered more geographic locations. There are however gradual shifts in the focus of key areas of studies. Economic studies on ageing in East and Southeast Asian contexts are considerably less influential in that they are fewer in number and receive fewer citations. They also have a stronger emphasis on management efficiency, e.g. \"operations research management science\", but less on equitable management of relations in the workplace, such as industrial/labour relations. Overall, there are serious gaps in economic studies on ageing for the rapidly ageing societies in Asia, with respect to both geographic coverage and topical investigation.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Countries in Asia and around the world are experiencing two demographic trends of great importance to their economies. Working-age populations are growing more slowly and the share of population at older ages is increasing more rapidly. The results presented in this article address the economic implications of these changes and strategies for responding. Responding effectively requires that institutions and policies are reformed to ensure that older adults can contribute more to society than was the case for previous generations. Effective investment in human capital can ensure that smaller cohorts of working-age adults can produce as much or more than larger cohorts of working-age adults did in the past. Economic resources can be marshalled by seniors and those approaching retirement to provide for their own economic security and to support stronger economic growth.
{"title":"Are Asia's Demographic Dividends Disappearing?","authors":"A. Mason","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Countries in Asia and around the world are experiencing two demographic trends of great importance to their economies. Working-age populations are growing more slowly and the share of population at older ages is increasing more rapidly. The results presented in this article address the economic implications of these changes and strategies for responding. Responding effectively requires that institutions and policies are reformed to ensure that older adults can contribute more to society than was the case for previous generations. Effective investment in human capital can ensure that smaller cohorts of working-age adults can produce as much or more than larger cohorts of working-age adults did in the past. Economic resources can be marshalled by seniors and those approaching retirement to provide for their own economic security and to support stronger economic growth.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46358607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:China has experienced the typical stages of economic development suggested in the economic theories of the relationship between population and economic development. In terms of the general trend of demographic transition, China displays unique characteristics, namely the fastest-ageing society, the largest elderly population and the "growing old before getting rich" phenomenon. While China's working-age population hit its peak in 2010, bringing about supply-side impacts on economic growth, the impending peak of its total population may have demand-side impacts on its economic growth. This article explores how the stagnant population tends to weaken China's consumption and highlights several policy implications drawn from the findings.
{"title":"A Tale of Two Sides: How Population Ageing Hinders Economic Growth in China","authors":"F. Cai","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:China has experienced the typical stages of economic development suggested in the economic theories of the relationship between population and economic development. In terms of the general trend of demographic transition, China displays unique characteristics, namely the fastest-ageing society, the largest elderly population and the \"growing old before getting rich\" phenomenon. While China's working-age population hit its peak in 2010, bringing about supply-side impacts on economic growth, the impending peak of its total population may have demand-side impacts on its economic growth. This article explores how the stagnant population tends to weaken China's consumption and highlights several policy implications drawn from the findings.","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resources for China–ASEAN Relations: April 2021 to June 2021: Chronology of Events","authors":"Juan Chen","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"East Asia's Epochal Shift: The Implications of Ageing","authors":"T. Shanmugaratnam","doi":"10.1353/chn.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45391,"journal":{"name":"China-An International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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