Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100006
Anthony Pezzola
Although it is generally thought that larger industries have greater political influence, by directly measuring the subnational importance of industries, this article suggests that it is the importance of industries within political jurisdictions, not their absolute size, that determines their domestic political leverage. Through the evaluation of Argentina’s deviations from Mercosur’s common external tariff and from intra-regional free trade, this study evidences that subnational economic interests directly influence Argentina’s trade policies. For both large and small industries, their relative importance within the provinces that they inhabit provides the political clout necessary to gain preferential trade policy outcomes.
{"title":"TRADE POLITICS IS LOCAL POLITICS : SUBNATIONAL INTERESTS AND COMMERCIAL POLICY IN ARGENTINA","authors":"Anthony Pezzola","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100006","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is generally thought that larger industries have greater political influence, by directly measuring the subnational importance of industries, this article suggests that it is the importance of industries within political jurisdictions, not their absolute size, that determines their domestic political leverage. Through the evaluation of Argentina’s deviations from Mercosur’s common external tariff and from intra-regional free trade, this study evidences that subnational economic interests directly influence Argentina’s trade policies. For both large and small industries, their relative importance within the provinces that they inhabit provides the political clout necessary to gain preferential trade policy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77279185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100004
Agustina Haime
Los estudios sobre la participacion electoral a nivel individual en America Latina son es-casos. Este articulo busca contribuir a esta literatura. Especificamente, el presente estudio evalua el vinculo entre la confianza de los ciudadanos en el proceso electoral y su participa-cion en elecciones presidenciales a partir de datos de encuestas llevadas a cabo en 19 paises de America Latina desde el ano 2004 hasta el 2014. Mediante el uso de modelos logisticos, se demuestra que la confianza en las elecciones tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en la participacion electoral en toda la region y que la magnitud de este efecto depende de la existencia de leyes de voto obligatorio.
{"title":"WHAT EXPLAINS VOTER TURNOUT IN LATIN AMERICA?: A TEST OF THE EFFECT OF CITIZENS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ELECTORAL PROCESS","authors":"Agustina Haime","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Los estudios sobre la participacion electoral a nivel individual en America Latina son es-casos. Este articulo busca contribuir a esta literatura. Especificamente, el presente estudio evalua el vinculo entre la confianza de los ciudadanos en el proceso electoral y su participa-cion en elecciones presidenciales a partir de datos de encuestas llevadas a cabo en 19 paises de America Latina desde el ano 2004 hasta el 2014. Mediante el uso de modelos logisticos, se demuestra que la confianza en las elecciones tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en la participacion electoral en toda la region y que la magnitud de este efecto depende de la existencia de leyes de voto obligatorio.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75699263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-12DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2017000300767
Juan Javier Rivera Andía
{"title":"Ritual, Folk Competitions, Mining and Stigmatization as “Poor” in Indigenous Northern Peru: A Perspective from Contemporary Quechua-Speaking Cañarenses","authors":"Juan Javier Rivera Andía","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2017000300767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2017000300767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89633439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200493
Francisco Cantú, Verónica Hoyo
Mexico finished 2016 in worse shape than it started: not only did national indicators worsen, mainly in terms of violence and social unrest, but the country also faced an increasingly hostile international climate characterized by a volatile economy with low oil prices, a depreciating peso, and the victory of Donald Trump in the US presidential elections. Consequently, the year ended with presidential approval ratings at an all-time low, widespread and unchecked corruption, and increasing concerns about the government’s legitimacy and the future of democracy in Mexico.
{"title":"México 2016: el declive de la confianza institucional","authors":"Francisco Cantú, Verónica Hoyo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200493","url":null,"abstract":"Mexico finished 2016 in worse shape than it started: not only did national indicators worsen, mainly in terms of violence and social unrest, but the country also faced an increasingly hostile international climate characterized by a volatile economy with low oil prices, a depreciating peso, and the victory of Donald Trump in the US presidential elections. Consequently, the year ended with presidential approval ratings at an all-time low, widespread and unchecked corruption, and increasing concerns about the government’s legitimacy and the future of democracy in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77551087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200471
Kevin Pallister
Guatemala’s political system has been shaken by corruption scandals over the past two years. In large part, the country’s political system has been consumed by efforts to fight impunity for corruption and human rights abuses. In 2015 voters elected Jimmy Morales to the presidency on an anti-corruption platform, hopeful for change from a political outsider. Throughout 2016 some advances were achieved in the fight against corruption, and prosecutors won several high-profile convictions for human rights violations that occurred during the country’s civil war. But organized criminal networks continued to operate in the country, posing serious challenges to the rule of law, and both the Morales administration and the new Congress displayed some of the same shortcomings as previous governments.
{"title":"Guatemala: the fight for accountability and the rule of law","authors":"Kevin Pallister","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200471","url":null,"abstract":"Guatemala’s political system has been shaken by corruption scandals over the past two years. In large part, the country’s political system has been consumed by efforts to fight impunity for corruption and human rights abuses. In 2015 voters elected Jimmy Morales to the presidency on an anti-corruption platform, hopeful for change from a political outsider. Throughout 2016 some advances were achieved in the fight against corruption, and prosecutors won several high-profile convictions for human rights violations that occurred during the country’s civil war. But organized criminal networks continued to operate in the country, posing serious challenges to the rule of law, and both the Morales administration and the new Congress displayed some of the same shortcomings as previous governments.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80171238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200413
Carlos Meléndez, Paolo Moncagatta
In many respects, 2016 was a complex year for Ecuador. On the economic front, the country officially fell into recession. The earthquake that took place in April exacerbated the economic emergency. In the political realm, presidential approval declined due to the recession. In this context, the electoral campaign for the succession of Rafael Correa started: pro-government forces considered several options for their presidential bid and the opposition did not forge a united candidacy. Considering the imminent presidential change, some initial assessments of Correa’s tenure were anticipated. This article highlights Ecuadorian hyper-presidentialism —both in its institutional design and in its authoritarian practice— as well as the deterioration of the quality of democracy and its legitimacy.
{"title":"Ecuador: una década de correísmo","authors":"Carlos Meléndez, Paolo Moncagatta","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200413","url":null,"abstract":"In many respects, 2016 was a complex year for Ecuador. On the economic front, the country officially fell into recession. The earthquake that took place in April exacerbated the economic emergency. In the political realm, presidential approval declined due to the recession. In this context, the electoral campaign for the succession of Rafael Correa started: pro-government forces considered several options for their presidential bid and the opposition did not forge a united candidacy. Considering the imminent presidential change, some initial assessments of Correa’s tenure were anticipated. This article highlights Ecuadorian hyper-presidentialism —both in its institutional design and in its authoritarian practice— as well as the deterioration of the quality of democracy and its legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77936429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200589
Juan Bogliaccini, Rosario Queirolo
Este articulo analiza los eventos politicos, economicos, sociales y de economia politica ocurridos en Uruguay durante 2016, proveyendo un conjunto de informacion relevante y consistente con anteriores numeros de este anuario. El 2016 es un ano clave en la politica uruguaya dado que una serie de eventos de caracter politico y economico ponen en tension al gobernante Frente Amplio, tal vez por primera vez desde que esta en el gobierno. En primer lugar, el Frente Amplio pierde la mayoria parlamentaria en la camara de diputados, lo que plantea un escenario completamente nuevo para el gobierno. En segundo lugar, el deficit fiscal alcanza un 4% del PIB a diciembre de 2016, siendo el mayor deficit en mas de dos decadas. Esto plantea un desafio tanto para el gobierno, como para la propia fuerza de izquierda, en terminos de acuerdos sobre el programa de gobierno. En tercer lugar, el presidente Vazquez recibe durante 2016 mas desaprobaciones a su gestion que aprobaciones, algo inedito desde 2005. En cuarto lugar, el fuerte desprestigio sufrido por la figura del vicepresidente Sendic acrecienta las tensiones politicas dentro de la coalicion gobernante. Estamos ante el fin de una luna de miel de dos lustros del Frente Amplio (FA).
{"title":"Uruguay 2016: mayorías parlamentarias en jaque y desafíos de revisión para sostener el modelo","authors":"Juan Bogliaccini, Rosario Queirolo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200589","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo analiza los eventos politicos, economicos, sociales y de economia politica ocurridos en Uruguay durante 2016, proveyendo un conjunto de informacion relevante y consistente con anteriores numeros de este anuario. El 2016 es un ano clave en la politica uruguaya dado que una serie de eventos de caracter politico y economico ponen en tension al gobernante Frente Amplio, tal vez por primera vez desde que esta en el gobierno. En primer lugar, el Frente Amplio pierde la mayoria parlamentaria en la camara de diputados, lo que plantea un escenario completamente nuevo para el gobierno. En segundo lugar, el deficit fiscal alcanza un 4% del PIB a diciembre de 2016, siendo el mayor deficit en mas de dos decadas. Esto plantea un desafio tanto para el gobierno, como para la propia fuerza de izquierda, en terminos de acuerdos sobre el programa de gobierno. En tercer lugar, el presidente Vazquez recibe durante 2016 mas desaprobaciones a su gestion que aprobaciones, algo inedito desde 2005. En cuarto lugar, el fuerte desprestigio sufrido por la figura del vicepresidente Sendic acrecienta las tensiones politicas dentro de la coalicion gobernante. Estamos ante el fin de una luna de miel de dos lustros del Frente Amplio (FA).","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90807892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200227
Cristian Pérez Muñoz, C. Schulz
En este numero de Revista de Ciencia Politica (RCP) se publica la novena edicion del Anuario Politico de America Latina. El Anuario nacio en 2007 con el objetivo de convertirse en “testigo y documento de los hechos politicos que pautan cada ano el acontecer regional, recuperando, ademas, las principales reflexiones teoricas que dichos hechos inspiran” (Altman y Luna 2007: 4). Inicialmente inspirado en el Political Data Yearbook publicado por el European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR),1 el Anuario de RCP busca fortalecer la investigacion en ciencia politica sobre America Latina proveyendo informacion confiable y de alta calidad. El Anuario no solo recopila datos valiosos sobre variables politicas, economicas y sociales, sino tambien promueve una reflexion de coyuntura sobre lo sucedido en los paises de la region en el lapso de un ano.
{"title":"Introducción al Anuario Político de América Latina 2016","authors":"Cristian Pérez Muñoz, C. Schulz","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200227","url":null,"abstract":"En este numero de Revista de Ciencia Politica (RCP) se publica la novena edicion del Anuario Politico de America Latina. El Anuario nacio en 2007 con el objetivo de convertirse en “testigo y documento de los hechos politicos que pautan cada ano el acontecer regional, recuperando, ademas, las principales reflexiones teoricas que dichos hechos inspiran” (Altman y Luna 2007: 4). Inicialmente inspirado en el Political Data Yearbook publicado por el European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR),1 el Anuario de RCP busca fortalecer la investigacion en ciencia politica sobre America Latina proveyendo informacion confiable y de alta calidad. El Anuario no solo recopila datos valiosos sobre variables politicas, economicas y sociales, sino tambien promueve una reflexion de coyuntura sobre lo sucedido en los paises de la region en el lapso de un ano.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77211575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200305
I. Araya
This article argues that the legitimacy of the political system is currently at its lowest point since the return to democracy. Presidential approval ratings dipped to a record low in 2016. The year also saw the highest levels of electoral absenteeism and distrust in the three branches of government, and the lowest levels of identification with political parties. This low legitimacy of the political system can be attributed to cyclical —governmental mismanagement and corruption scandals— and underlying causes —interpersonal mistrust, detachment from the political activity and insulated elites—. If these trends continue, we may witness a transformation of the party system, the emergence of populist movements and leaders, and the erosion of the quality of Chilean democracy.
{"title":"CHILE 2016: ¿EL NADIR DE LA LEGITIMIDAD DEMOCRÁTICA?","authors":"I. Araya","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000200305","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the legitimacy of the political system is currently at its lowest point since the return to democracy. Presidential approval ratings dipped to a record low in 2016. The year also saw the highest levels of electoral absenteeism and distrust in the three branches of government, and the lowest levels of identification with political parties. This low legitimacy of the political system can be attributed to cyclical —governmental mismanagement and corruption scandals— and underlying causes —interpersonal mistrust, detachment from the political activity and insulated elites—. If these trends continue, we may witness a transformation of the party system, the emergence of populist movements and leaders, and the erosion of the quality of Chilean democracy.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80237874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El derecho a sufragio de los menores de edad: El argumento de la capacidad política.","authors":"Pablo Marshall","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3493245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3493245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88358346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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