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The Politics of Rohingya Ethnicity: Understanding the Debates on Rohingya in Myanmar 罗兴亚民族政治——解读缅甸罗兴亚人之争
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2064054
I. Zahed, B. Jenkins
Abstract The Myanmar (Burmese) government has imposed denationalising policies on the Rohingya Muslim population. This paper argues that the Rohingya are an ethnic group of Burma who have been living in Burma since the eighth century AD. The article confirms an understanding of Rohingya ethnicity. This study is based on primary data from expert in-depth interview and available literature. The paper examines the government’s stand about ethnic cleansing and analyses the contested arguments of Rohingya existence in the Rakhine state of Myanmar. The evidence points to the Rohingya being an ethnic group with an established culture, distinct language, traditions and history, settled in Arakan.
摘要缅甸政府对罗兴亚穆斯林人口实施了剥夺国籍的政策。本文认为,罗兴亚人是自公元八世纪以来一直生活在缅甸的一个民族。本研究基于专家深入访谈的原始数据和现有文献。本文考察了政府对种族清洗的立场,并分析了罗兴亚人在缅甸若开邦存在的争议论点。证据表明,罗兴亚人是一个拥有既定文化、独特语言、传统和历史的民族,定居在阿拉干。
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引用次数: 2
Embracing Islam in Switzerland: (Re-)Conversion Between Searching for the Meaning of Life and Social Ties. 在瑞士皈依伊斯兰教:(再)在寻找生命意义与社会关系之间的转换。
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2023.2202044
Michael Nollert, Amir Sheikhzadegan
Abstract The pioneer conversion model of Lofland and Stark suggests that people adopt a religion because experiences in their biography motivate them to seek answers regarding the purpose of life, and because they encounter followers of a religion that happens to provide them with convincing answers. We draw on the Lofland-Stark model while considering Lofland’s and Skonovd’s concept of conversion motifs to gain a deeper insight into the convert’s story of adopting a new faith. Furthermore, we integrate Paloutzian’s concept of spiritual transformation into our theoretical framework to cover both conversion and reconversion (reversion). Against this conceptual background and applying a combination of narrative-autobiographical interviews with qualitative network analysis, we interviewed 24 converts and reconverts in Switzerland. Based on the findings, we propose a typology along the dimensions of “seeking answers” and “social contacts”.
Lofland和Stark的先锋皈依模式表明,人们之所以选择一种宗教,是因为他们传记中的经历激励他们寻求有关生活目的的答案,而且因为他们遇到了某种宗教的信徒,而这种信徒恰好为他们提供了令人信服的答案。我们利用Lofland- stark模型,同时考虑Lofland和Skonovd的皈依母题概念,以更深入地了解皈依者接受新信仰的故事。此外,我们将帕卢茨安的精神转化概念整合到我们的理论框架中,以涵盖转换和再转换(回归)。在这一概念背景下,我们结合了叙述性自传式访谈和定性网络分析,采访了瑞士的24名皈依者和再皈依者。在此基础上,我们提出了一个基于“寻求答案”和“社会联系”维度的类型学。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching “Islam and Politics” in the Wake of the Christchurch Terrorist Attack 基督城恐怖袭击后教授“伊斯兰与政治”
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1997270
Hanlie Booysen
The terrorist attack against two Mosques in Christchurch on 15 March 2019 created an elevated interest in Islam and Muslims in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This article describes a course on Islam and Politics, which was designed and taught at a university in A/NZ in the wake of Christchurch 3/15. The audience comprises a majority non-Muslim and minority Muslim students with an academic interest in the relationship between Islam and politics. A Religious Studies programme offered the framework for the delivery of the course, while fearmongering, misinformation, racism and Islamophobia common to Muslim-minority countries influenced its philosophical conception. The 12-week course communicates two key themes: Islam is not a monolith and is complex; and Islamic law is inherently diverse. Nine case-studies augment these themes. Teaching objectives are for students to articulate their own views on contemporary debates concerning Islam and politics and to critique global influences and processes which contribute to the othering of Muslims. Moreover, the course aims to shift students’ perspectives.
2019年3月15日发生在克赖斯特彻奇的针对两座清真寺的恐怖袭击事件,引起了新西兰奥特亚对伊斯兰教和穆斯林的高度兴趣。这篇文章描述了一门关于伊斯兰教和政治的课程,该课程是在克赖斯特彻奇3/15之后在新西兰的一所大学设计和教授的。听众包括大多数非穆斯林和少数穆斯林学生,他们对伊斯兰教与政治之间的关系有学术兴趣。宗教研究方案为课程的开设提供了框架,而穆斯林少数民族国家常见的散布恐惧、错误信息、种族主义和伊斯兰恐惧症影响了其哲学概念。为期12周的课程传达了两个关键主题:伊斯兰教不是一块巨石,而且很复杂;伊斯兰法律具有内在的多样性。九个案例研究强化了这些主题。教学目标是让学生就当代有关伊斯兰教和政治的辩论阐明自己的观点,并批评有助于穆斯林他人化的全球影响和过程。此外,该课程旨在转变学生的观点。
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引用次数: 1
A Study of Young Yemeni-American Muslims’ Identity, 2010–2021 2010-2021年也门裔美国穆斯林青年身份研究
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2029014
N. Kabir
ABSTRACT Yemenis have a long history of settlement in America. First-generation Yemenis have mainly worked as laborers in agriculture and car manufacturing, and some second-generation Yemenis attend educational institutions. Today, Yemen is facing sectarian and regional conflicts, which are affecting Yemeni Americans. In this paper, I investigate the identity of young Yemeni Muslims in Michigan and New York. This paper uses grounded theory and is based on data from interviews with five participants that I conducted in 2010 and 2017; and arts and crafts of newly arrived Yemeni youths displayed in an exhibition in 2017. I conclude that young Yemeni-American Muslims are likely to identify with America because of their resilience and optimism. The policy makers and the wider society should make an effort to make America an inclusive society so that the new Yemeni arrivals in the United States do not feel distressed with the war-torn conditions back home.
也门人在美国定居历史悠久。第一代也门人主要从事农业和汽车制造业,一些第二代也门人就读于教育机构。今天,也门正面临宗派和地区冲突,这些冲突正在影响也门裔美国人。在这篇论文中,我调查了密歇根州和纽约州年轻也门穆斯林的身份。本文采用扎根理论,基于我在2010年和2017年对五名参与者的采访数据;以及在2017年的一次展览中展出的新抵达的也门青年的艺术和手工艺。我的结论是,年轻的也门裔美国穆斯林很可能会认同美国,因为他们有韧性和乐观主义。政策制定者和更广泛的社会应该努力使美国成为一个包容的社会,这样新来美国的也门人就不会对国内饱受战争蹂躏的条件感到痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
The Muslim Minority-Phobia in Context: A Critical Study on Majoritarian Ideology and the Structural Roots of Anti-Muslim Phenomenon in the Post-War Sri Lanka 语境中的穆斯林少数民族恐惧症:战后斯里兰卡多数主义意识形态与反穆斯林现象结构根源的批判性研究
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2028462
Mohamed Zacky Mohamed Fouz, M. Moniruzzaman
Abstract In post-war Sri Lanka waves of anti-Muslim riots and violence has become a common trend. This paper critically analyses how the century old Sinhala Buddhist majoritarian ideology contributes to the post-war anti-Muslim violence in Sri Lanka. This paper argues that post-war Islamophobia and anti-Muslim violence is not just a matter of political gambling or electoral strategy of political parties. Instead, it resulted from the deep-rooted extreme Buddhist majoritarian ideology that tries to drive the state and the society towards an exclusive Buddhist state. The ideology creates a cultural legitimacy to criminalize the Muslims as “invaders” and “the other” within Sri Lanka. This cultural cover up has led to epidemic direct and structural violence across the island. Hence, this paper suggests that the conflict management process should diverted towards structural changes, which includes both the constitutional and educational aspects, into account, rather than depending solely on the civil society driven inter-community co-existence projects.
在战后的斯里兰卡,一波又一波的反穆斯林暴乱和暴力成为一种普遍趋势。本文批判性地分析了百年历史的僧伽罗佛教多数主义意识形态对斯里兰卡战后反穆斯林暴力的影响。本文认为,战后的伊斯兰恐惧症和反穆斯林暴力不仅仅是政治赌博或政党的选举策略问题。相反,它源于根深蒂固的极端佛教多数主义思想,试图将国家和社会推向一个专属的佛教国家。这种意识形态创造了一种文化合法性,将穆斯林定为斯里兰卡境内的“入侵者”和“他者”。这种文化上的掩盖导致了岛上普遍存在的直接和结构性暴力。因此,本文建议,冲突管理过程应转向结构性变革,其中包括宪法和教育方面的考虑,而不是仅仅依赖于民间社会推动的社区间共存项目。
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引用次数: 0
Representation of Muslims through Passivization and Nominalization in British News Media Discourse: The Times Online Newspaper as a Case Study 英国新闻媒体话语中穆斯林的被动化和名义化表征——以《泰晤士报》网络报为例
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2029012
Maha el Biadi, Hanane Zih
Abstract This paper investigates the way passivization and nominalization are used to represent Muslims in the language of one of the most prominent British online newspapers, The Times. The study, which adopts the Critical Discourse Analysis approach, aims to achieve this objective by comparing the way Muslim and non-Muslim subjects are talked about, to eventually see if there is any differential treatment in the discourse of the newspaper under investigation. The study analyses ten randomly selected news articles reporting stories about shootings and bombings, which got a substantial amount of media coverage. The results show that passivization is used more frequently in the articles about non-Muslim attackers, while nominalization displays a different pattern by being used more frequently in the articles talking about Muslim subjects. The way Muslim subjects are represented in the newspaper texts is believed to contribute to the reinforcement of some negative and widespread stereotypical images about Muslims and Islam.
摘要:本文研究了英国最著名的网络报纸之一《泰晤士报》在语言中使用钝化和名词化来表示穆斯林的方式。这项采用批判性话语分析方法的研究,旨在通过比较穆斯林和非穆斯林主题被谈论的方式来实现这一目标,最终看看在被调查的报纸的话语中是否存在任何区别对待。该研究分析了随机选择的10篇报道枪击和爆炸事件的新闻文章,这些文章得到了大量的媒体报道。结果表明,钝化在涉及非穆斯林攻击者的文章中使用频率更高,而名词化在涉及穆斯林主题的文章中使用频率更高。报纸文本中对穆斯林主题的描述方式被认为有助于强化一些关于穆斯林和伊斯兰教的负面和普遍的刻板印象。
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引用次数: 1
Status of Employment and Occupations of Muslims in India: Evidence from a Household Survey – 2011–2012 印度穆斯林的就业和职业状况:来自家庭调查的证据- 2011-2012
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2032900
Kashif Mansoor
Abstract Muslims are one of the most socially and economically backward communities compared with other religious groups in India. The present study was undertaken to examine the labor market outcomes for Muslims in India in comparison with other dominant religious groups in the country, especially the Hindus. Based on the employment survey of 2011-12, the paper finds that as compared with Hindus, Muslims are concentrated mainly in self-employment and lesser in regular salaried employment, which often comes with social security. Muslim workers are engaged in low-tech industries such as manufacturing of wearing apparel, textiles, tobacco products, and leather products. In addition, Muslims occupy the lower rungs of occupations such as salespersons, drivers, street vendors, mining and construction laborers, transport laborers, and freight handlers, which explains their poor economic status. Their marginalization is further exacerbated by stiff competition with other dominant religious groups, poor capital investment, and lack of direct access to output markets directly.
与印度其他宗教群体相比,穆斯林是社会和经济最落后的群体之一。本研究的目的是将印度穆斯林与该国其他主要宗教团体,特别是印度教徒的劳动市场结果进行比较。根据2011-12年的就业调查,本文发现,与印度教徒相比,穆斯林主要集中在自营职业中,较少的是经常有社会保障的正规受薪就业。穆斯林工人从事低技术含量的行业,如服装、纺织品、烟草制品和皮革制品的制造。此外,穆斯林在销售人员、司机、摊贩、采矿和建筑工人、运输工人、货物搬运工等职业中占据较低的阶层,这也解释了他们的经济状况不佳的原因。与其他占主导地位的宗教团体的激烈竞争、资本投资不足以及缺乏直接进入产出市场的直接渠道,进一步加剧了他们的边缘化。
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引用次数: 1
Ensuring Environment, Social & Financial Sustainability during a Pandemic: The Story of a Singapore Mosque 确保疫情期间的环境、社会和金融可持续性:新加坡清真寺的故事
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2034683
Siti Zunairah Binte Abdul Malee, Mohd Abd Wahab Fatoni Bin Mohd Balwi
Abstract Singapore is a cosmopolitan city-nation in Southeast Asia which has a Muslim minority population. Mosques in Singapore play a crucial role in various aspects of the local Muslims’ life and have great potential in ensuring the welfare of the surrounding society. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for the mosque management to continue uplifting and to sustain its multi-functionality in this era of modernization. This study focuses on three main aspects of sustainability, which are environment and facilities, social as well as financial and economic. The research aims to explore approaches taken by a mosque to ensure its sustainability in the foreseeable future. Interviews were carried out among the mosque management committee members.
摘要新加坡是东南亚一个穆斯林少数民族聚居的国际大都市。新加坡的清真寺在当地穆斯林生活的各个方面发挥着至关重要的作用,在确保周围社会的福利方面具有巨大潜力。因此,在这个现代化的时代,清真寺管理继续提升和保持其多功能性至关重要。本研究侧重于可持续性的三个主要方面,即环境和设施、社会以及金融和经济。这项研究旨在探索清真寺在可预见的未来采取的方法,以确保其可持续性。对清真寺管理委员会成员进行了访谈。
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引用次数: 1
Institutionalising Islamic Religious Authority in Australia: The Case of the Australian National Imams Council 澳大利亚伊斯兰宗教权威的制度化:以澳大利亚国家伊玛目理事会为例
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2034681
S. Whyte
Abstract This article examines how Muslim religious actors exert their collective authority within institutional settings. It focuses primarily on the role of the Australian National Imams Council (ANIC). The article examines ANIC's formation as a clerical organization and its role in qualifying, recruiting and monitoring imams in Australia. It draws on fieldwork data conducted between 2018-2019 and includes in-depth interviews with imams and sheikhs as well as ANIC members, Muslim academics and educators in the field of Islamic studies. The study includes survey data collected from members of the Muslim community about ANIC's legitimacy as a nation-wide representative council of imams. It investigates the extent to which participants recognize and contest ANIC's authority based on its interaction, inclusion and transparency with the wider Muslim community. The article concludes that ANIC operates with the goal of legitimizing its religious authority through its organizational structure, traditional Islamic schooling and social activism in a localized Australian context.
摘要:本文探讨了穆斯林宗教行为者如何在制度环境中发挥其集体权威。它主要侧重于澳大利亚国家伊玛目理事会(ANIC)的作用。这篇文章考察了ANIC作为一个神职组织的形成,以及它在澳大利亚甄选、招募和监督伊玛目方面的作用。它借鉴了2018年至2019年期间进行的实地调查数据,包括对伊玛目和酋长以及伊斯兰教研究领域的伊斯兰教协会成员、穆斯林学者和教育工作者的深入采访。这项研究包括从穆斯林社区成员那里收集的调查数据,调查内容是关于伊斯兰国家协会作为全国伊玛目代表委员会的合法性。它调查了参与者在多大程度上承认和质疑基于其与更广泛的穆斯林社区的互动,包容和透明度的ANIC的权威。文章的结论是,ANIC的运作目标是通过其组织结构、传统的伊斯兰教育和在澳大利亚本土化背景下的社会活动来使其宗教权威合法化。
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引用次数: 3
Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement in Muslim Minority Communities Living in the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka: Implications for Children’s Academic Excellence 居住在英国和斯里兰卡的穆斯林少数民族社区的父母参与和学业成就:对儿童学业卓越的影响
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2022.2034679
Mujahida M. Ibrahim, R. Musthafa, F. Marikar
Abstract This research examines parental involvement and academic achievement of children in the Sri Lankan Muslims ethnic minority living in the UK compared with the Sri Lankan Muslims living in Sri Lanka. Academic achievement of children was measured by selecting children who completed two-year end examination in 2020. Data were collected from 20 parents of children in each population and analysed with SPSS software. The perception of the community in the UK that the “academic achievement of their children is poor” has been proved wrong with a statistically highly significant performance record. The local Sri Lankans in Sri Lanka have been addressed, and there are no significant differences in the academic achievement between both populations.
摘要本研究调查了居住在英国的斯里兰卡穆斯林少数民族与居住在斯里兰卡的斯里兰卡穆斯林儿童的父母参与度和学业成绩。通过选择在2020年完成两年期末考试的儿童来衡量儿童的学业成绩。数据收集自每个群体的20名儿童父母,并用SPSS软件进行分析。英国社区认为“孩子的学业成绩很差”的看法已被证明是错误的,因为他们的成绩记录具有统计学意义。斯里兰卡当地的斯里兰卡人已经得到了解决,两个人口的学术成就没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
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