Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894389
Syed Huzaifah Bin Othman Alkaff, Muhammad Haziq Bin Jani
Abstract As a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Singapore prizes religious harmony and social cohesion. Given that Salafism is commonly assumed to be linked with conservative attitudes, exclusivism, extremism and even jihadism, Salafis in Singapore have been the subject of public attention and concern. However, there is diversity within the community of Singaporean Muslims who identify as Salafi or have been labelled as Salafi. This paper explores the contemporary landscape of Salafism in Singapore through interviews with individuals from various Salafi and Salafi-affiliated groups. This paper seeks to clarify the differences among the various Salafi groups as well as explain how Salafi ideas have developed in Singapore and the extent to which contemporary Salafis in Singapore find their ideas acceptable in Singapore’s secular and democratic context.
{"title":"Contemporary Salafism in Singapore","authors":"Syed Huzaifah Bin Othman Alkaff, Muhammad Haziq Bin Jani","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1894389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Singapore prizes religious harmony and social cohesion. Given that Salafism is commonly assumed to be linked with conservative attitudes, exclusivism, extremism and even jihadism, Salafis in Singapore have been the subject of public attention and concern. However, there is diversity within the community of Singaporean Muslims who identify as Salafi or have been labelled as Salafi. This paper explores the contemporary landscape of Salafism in Singapore through interviews with individuals from various Salafi and Salafi-affiliated groups. This paper seeks to clarify the differences among the various Salafi groups as well as explain how Salafi ideas have developed in Singapore and the extent to which contemporary Salafis in Singapore find their ideas acceptable in Singapore’s secular and democratic context.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"157 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894387
R. Khan, Muhammad Zubair Khan, Z. Abbas
Abstract The Indian government repealed Article 370 from the constitution on 5 August 2019. Revoking of article 370 ended the autonomous and special status of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Not only this, India has built-up massive military in the area coupled with a shutdown and curfew in the valley in order to cut it off from the whole world both virtually and physically. It is argued that there is a continuous violation of internationally accepted human rights in the valley of Indian-occupied Kashmir. The authors have examined the violations of UDHR-1948, ICCPR-1966, and CRC-1990 especially after the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir. In this article, interpretivist approach has been applied.
{"title":"Moving Towards Human Catastrophe: The Abrogation of Article 370 in Kashmir Valley","authors":"R. Khan, Muhammad Zubair Khan, Z. Abbas","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1894387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Indian government repealed Article 370 from the constitution on 5 August 2019. Revoking of article 370 ended the autonomous and special status of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Not only this, India has built-up massive military in the area coupled with a shutdown and curfew in the valley in order to cut it off from the whole world both virtually and physically. It is argued that there is a continuous violation of internationally accepted human rights in the valley of Indian-occupied Kashmir. The authors have examined the violations of UDHR-1948, ICCPR-1966, and CRC-1990 especially after the abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu & Kashmir. In this article, interpretivist approach has been applied.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"78 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894384
Corinne Torrekens
Abstract The various terrorist attacks carried out by the Islamic State in Europe have raised new questions about the compatibility of Islam and European “values”. Most of the studies are qualitative and have several limitations, especially regarding their ability to generalize their findings. In this paper, we show that each individual religious practice is largely followed. Second and third generations Muslims are in fact no less religious than their parents and grand-parents. But we also shed light on an ongoing process of individualizing faith and religious references and, most importantly, on the non-impact of religious practices on the integration process of the Belgo-Moroccan and Belgo-Turkish groups within Belgian society. In practical terms, this means that religious practices have no influence on socioeconomic indicators, political participation, and identity issues, and finally, the feeling of discrimination. In order to explain these different results, we assess here the progressive secularization of Belgian Muslim identities.
{"title":"The Non-Impact of Religious Practices on the Process of Inclusion and Participation of Belgian Muslims","authors":"Corinne Torrekens","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1894384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894384","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The various terrorist attacks carried out by the Islamic State in Europe have raised new questions about the compatibility of Islam and European “values”. Most of the studies are qualitative and have several limitations, especially regarding their ability to generalize their findings. In this paper, we show that each individual religious practice is largely followed. Second and third generations Muslims are in fact no less religious than their parents and grand-parents. But we also shed light on an ongoing process of individualizing faith and religious references and, most importantly, on the non-impact of religious practices on the integration process of the Belgo-Moroccan and Belgo-Turkish groups within Belgian society. In practical terms, this means that religious practices have no influence on socioeconomic indicators, political participation, and identity issues, and finally, the feeling of discrimination. In order to explain these different results, we assess here the progressive secularization of Belgian Muslim identities.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"141 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48052469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903160
M. Hasan
Abstract South Asian Atiya Fyzee and her Turkish contemporary Zeyneb Hanoum were epistolary travel writers. Despite their variant geographical identities, both had Turkish connections and share similarities in their work. Both made trips to Europe in the early twentieth century when international travel was not as common as it is today. The preferred mode of long-distance travel then was by sea, as the faster means of air transportation began to be widely used on a commercial basis only in the 1950s and 1960s. The travel accounts of these two writers demonstrate striking commonalities, especially with regard to Islamic devotional expressions and counter-narratives to the West. While Atiya in her writing responded to negative portrayals of Indians in colonial discourse, Zeyneb wrote back to the dominant Western representation of Turkish women as homogenously passive, hidden and silenced in the harem. Given these different backgrounds and positionalities, their counter-narratives to the West are significant and merit close attention.
{"title":"Islamic with Turkish Connections: Atiya’s and Zeyneb’s Counter-narratives to the West","authors":"M. Hasan","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1903160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract South Asian Atiya Fyzee and her Turkish contemporary Zeyneb Hanoum were epistolary travel writers. Despite their variant geographical identities, both had Turkish connections and share similarities in their work. Both made trips to Europe in the early twentieth century when international travel was not as common as it is today. The preferred mode of long-distance travel then was by sea, as the faster means of air transportation began to be widely used on a commercial basis only in the 1950s and 1960s. The travel accounts of these two writers demonstrate striking commonalities, especially with regard to Islamic devotional expressions and counter-narratives to the West. While Atiya in her writing responded to negative portrayals of Indians in colonial discourse, Zeyneb wrote back to the dominant Western representation of Turkish women as homogenously passive, hidden and silenced in the harem. Given these different backgrounds and positionalities, their counter-narratives to the West are significant and merit close attention.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"86 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894388
Shahrul Hussain
Abstract The principle aim of this paper is to look at the concept of tamlīk from two dimensions: tamlīk by the recipient of zakat and tamlīk by the plenipotentiary or the organisation deputised to distribute the zakat-money on behalf of the British zakat-payer. The body deputised to distribute zakat has a religio-ethical duty of distributing the zakat-money it has taken possession of, in order to meet the allocative function outlined in the Qur’an. This paper questions whether British Muslim charities are currently being effective agents in achieving poverty reduction. It questions whether the British Muslim charities’ modus operandi of distributing of zakat-money does empower the poor. This paper argues that cash distribution should be considered a primary method of zakat distribution unless there are exceptional circumstances to do otherwise. It further argues that zakat in cash is far more effective in addressing poverty and empowering the poor than the status quo.
{"title":"Tamlīk-proper to Quasi-tamlīk: Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) of Zakat Money, Empowering the Poor and Contemporary Modes of Distributing Zakat Money with Special Reference to British Muslim Charities","authors":"Shahrul Hussain","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1894388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The principle aim of this paper is to look at the concept of tamlīk from two dimensions: tamlīk by the recipient of zakat and tamlīk by the plenipotentiary or the organisation deputised to distribute the zakat-money on behalf of the British zakat-payer. The body deputised to distribute zakat has a religio-ethical duty of distributing the zakat-money it has taken possession of, in order to meet the allocative function outlined in the Qur’an. This paper questions whether British Muslim charities are currently being effective agents in achieving poverty reduction. It questions whether the British Muslim charities’ modus operandi of distributing of zakat-money does empower the poor. This paper argues that cash distribution should be considered a primary method of zakat distribution unless there are exceptional circumstances to do otherwise. It further argues that zakat in cash is far more effective in addressing poverty and empowering the poor than the status quo.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"179 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903164
Ummul Fayiza
Abstract The post-colonial politics of Muslim personal law, women’s rights and minority rights in India has intensified since the Shah Bano case (1985). It has reached a culmination point after the triple talaq ban by the Supreme Court of India as a result of the public interest litigation filed by Shayara Bano in 2016. This article analyses the changing position of three prominent feminist scholars, Zoya Hasan, Flavia Agnes and Nivedita Menon, from the Shah Bano case to the Shayara Bano (2017) case. The aim of this article is to show that there has been a gradual development of consensus in feminist scholarship on the politics of majoritarian Hindu nationalism in determining the politics of Muslim personal law, women’s rights and minority rights in India in comparison to prior understandings within an exclusively women’s rights framework.
{"title":"From Shah Bano to Shayara Bano (1985–2017): Changing Feminist Positions on the Politics of Muslim Personal Law, Women’s Rights and Minority Rights in India","authors":"Ummul Fayiza","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1903164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The post-colonial politics of Muslim personal law, women’s rights and minority rights in India has intensified since the Shah Bano case (1985). It has reached a culmination point after the triple talaq ban by the Supreme Court of India as a result of the public interest litigation filed by Shayara Bano in 2016. This article analyses the changing position of three prominent feminist scholars, Zoya Hasan, Flavia Agnes and Nivedita Menon, from the Shah Bano case to the Shayara Bano (2017) case. The aim of this article is to show that there has been a gradual development of consensus in feminist scholarship on the politics of majoritarian Hindu nationalism in determining the politics of Muslim personal law, women’s rights and minority rights in India in comparison to prior understandings within an exclusively women’s rights framework.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"122 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903163
Syed Ali Hussain, Helen Wieffering
Abstract It is a common observation to see Muslim communities affected by violence and mass migrations. This is often followed by international nonprofits running online campaigns to receive charitable donations. Specifically, the Rohingya refugee crisis spurred Facebook advertisements based on negative emotional appeals. We argue that such advertisements make viewers emotionally numb to the victims. We propose that viewers will respond more altruistically when presented with solutions-oriented information. To test this assumption, we conducted a between-group experiment (n = 102) manipulating message valence (positive vs. negative) of a Facebook advertisement. Results indicate that participants in the positive condition expressed more positive emotions and that nonprofits should cease creating heartbreaking advertisements when similar levels of empathy can be evoked from heartwarming advertisements. Participants in both conditions expressed similar empathy, trust, and intentions to donate. The study offers implications to positively frame the Muslim communities affected by violence on social media.
{"title":"Heartbreaking vs. Heartwarming Facebook Advertisements by Nonprofits to Help the Rohingya Refugees","authors":"Syed Ali Hussain, Helen Wieffering","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1903163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is a common observation to see Muslim communities affected by violence and mass migrations. This is often followed by international nonprofits running online campaigns to receive charitable donations. Specifically, the Rohingya refugee crisis spurred Facebook advertisements based on negative emotional appeals. We argue that such advertisements make viewers emotionally numb to the victims. We propose that viewers will respond more altruistically when presented with solutions-oriented information. To test this assumption, we conducted a between-group experiment (n = 102) manipulating message valence (positive vs. negative) of a Facebook advertisement. Results indicate that participants in the positive condition expressed more positive emotions and that nonprofits should cease creating heartbreaking advertisements when similar levels of empathy can be evoked from heartwarming advertisements. Participants in both conditions expressed similar empathy, trust, and intentions to donate. The study offers implications to positively frame the Muslim communities affected by violence on social media.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"34 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46543609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903159
Abderrahim Ait Abdeslam
Abstract This paper intends to delve into the populist discourse of the Rassemblement National as manifested in their posts on Twitter towards Muslims and immigrants. The analysis of those statements will enable us to study the way populism and populist discourses are expressed in those tweets. Immigration and Islam are the most debatable issues that characterize the top agendas of the French far right and which raise acrimonious debates in France, denying thus the multicultural cauldron of the French society. The dichotomy of who is native and who is a foreigner is one of the main discourses of populism whose sole aim is to appeal to more voters by pitting their survival with the vanishing of immigrants, be they Muslims or any others of a foreign descent.
{"title":"Muslims and Immigrants in the Populist Discourse of the French Party Rassemblement National and Its Leader on Twitter","authors":"Abderrahim Ait Abdeslam","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1903159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper intends to delve into the populist discourse of the Rassemblement National as manifested in their posts on Twitter towards Muslims and immigrants. The analysis of those statements will enable us to study the way populism and populist discourses are expressed in those tweets. Immigration and Islam are the most debatable issues that characterize the top agendas of the French far right and which raise acrimonious debates in France, denying thus the multicultural cauldron of the French society. The dichotomy of who is native and who is a foreigner is one of the main discourses of populism whose sole aim is to appeal to more voters by pitting their survival with the vanishing of immigrants, be they Muslims or any others of a foreign descent.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"46 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1903159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1907022
A. K. Thomas
{"title":"Religion and Secularities: Reconfiguring Islam in Contemporary India","authors":"A. K. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1907022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1907022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"202 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1907022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894386
Mehmetali Kasim
Abstract Nazi concentration camps were considered to be the worst humanitarian crisis in the twentieth century and the world believed that this scenario will never happen again. In today’s modern world, in the twenty-first century, the Chinese Communist Party has imprisoned millions of indigenous Turkics in concentration camps in which they are being forced to deny their faith, abandon their own culture, and assimilate to Chinese culture as a whole nation. This paper, initially evaluates the development of China and East Turkistan relations and Beijing’s policies towards this region. Then, it examines the situation of concentration camps and who is being held captive and what crimes they have committed in the eyes of the Chinese government. Last but not least, it examines how the Chinese dream, nationalist policies, and developments of international politics played an important role in the establishment of these concentration camps.
{"title":"Chinese Oppressive Policies Towards the Muslims in East Turkistan","authors":"Mehmetali Kasim","doi":"10.1080/13602004.2021.1894386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nazi concentration camps were considered to be the worst humanitarian crisis in the twentieth century and the world believed that this scenario will never happen again. In today’s modern world, in the twenty-first century, the Chinese Communist Party has imprisoned millions of indigenous Turkics in concentration camps in which they are being forced to deny their faith, abandon their own culture, and assimilate to Chinese culture as a whole nation. This paper, initially evaluates the development of China and East Turkistan relations and Beijing’s policies towards this region. Then, it examines the situation of concentration camps and who is being held captive and what crimes they have committed in the eyes of the Chinese government. Last but not least, it examines how the Chinese dream, nationalist policies, and developments of international politics played an important role in the establishment of these concentration camps.","PeriodicalId":45523,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs","volume":"41 1","pages":"62 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13602004.2021.1894386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46002133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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