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Knowledge, False Beliefs and Fact Driven Perceptions of Muslims in German Universities 德国大学中穆斯林的知识、虚假信仰和事实驱动的认知
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1943882
A. Ata, K. Baumann
Abstract This paper examines what may constitute both positive and negative attitudes towards Muslims that we may predict from the scale of our knowledge, fashionable or well worn. In other words, are negative attitudes towards Muslim strongly correlated with false beliefs. The research was part of a larger study examining the attitudes of 424 non-Muslim German students in Freiburg and five other universities in Germany. The results show that participants who spontaneously communicated false beliefs and had low level of knowledge expressed more negative attitudes towards Muslims than those who did not. It is thus conceivable that accepting incorrect information may be shaping negative attitudes toward Muslims. On the basis of the findings we are only able to conclude there is a bi-directional relationship between prejudice and the degree of knowledge, or cultural perception of Muslims amongst tertiary educated students, however there is no evidence of causation or level of significance.
摘要本文研究了我们可以从我们的知识量表中预测的对穆斯林的积极和消极态度,无论是时尚的还是过时的。换句话说,对穆斯林的消极态度是否与虚假信仰密切相关。这项研究是一项更大规模研究的一部分,该研究对弗赖堡和德国其他五所大学的424名非穆斯林德国学生的态度进行了调查。结果表明,自发传达虚假信仰且知识水平低的参与者对穆斯林的负面态度比没有传达的参与者多。因此,可以想象,接受不正确的信息可能会形成对穆斯林的负面态度。根据这些发现,我们只能得出结论,在受过高等教育的学生中,偏见与穆斯林的知识程度或文化认知之间存在双向关系,但没有证据表明因果关系或重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Re-thinking About Muslim Migration into the European Union 重新思考穆斯林进入欧盟的问题
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1943883
Hamza Preljević, Mirza Ljubović
Abstract The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on integration of Muslim immigrants into the European societies. Censuses 1 indicate a continuous growth of Muslims in member states of the European Union (EU) since the 1960s. 2 In some of the member states of the EU, Muslims make up more than five percent of the population, and this number is expected to grow in the coming decades, depending mostly on how much immigration into the EU will be allowed. Since 2011 the EU has been facing the biggest influx of migrants in its history. Reasonably, accepting and integrating such a large number of people in its societies became a great challenge for many EU member states. It has become clear that the integration programmes within the EU member states are outdated and that new migration policies, as well as practices will have to be adopted and developed.
摘要本文旨在为穆斯林移民融入欧洲社会的辩论做出贡献。人口普查1表明,自20世纪60年代以来,欧盟成员国的穆斯林人数持续增长。2在欧盟的一些成员国,穆斯林占人口的5%以上,预计这个数字在未来几十年还会增长,这主要取决于允许多少移民进入欧盟。自2011年以来,欧盟一直面临着其历史上最大规模的移民潮。合理地说,接受和融合如此多的人在其社会中成为许多欧盟成员国面临的巨大挑战。很明显,欧盟成员国内部的一体化计划已经过时,必须采取和制定新的移民政策和做法。
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引用次数: 0
Terrorizing Muslims: Communal Violence and Emergence of Hindutva in India 恐吓穆斯林:印度的社区暴力和印度教的出现
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1943884
J. Deshmukh
Abstract Independent India has witnessed a surge of right-wing militant Hindu extremism since the 1980s. The long term political and ideological goal of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh is to create a Hindu Rashtra through propagating Hindutva. To realize this goal, proponents of Hindutva radicalize youth and children with conservative and fictional thoughts which lead to Islamophobia. This paper examines the link between radicalization and spread of Hindutva discourse, and communal violence. It also surveys campaigns used by the VHP to prevent proselytism. The paper also analyses how RSS aims to rewrite textbooks and control education patterns and establish conservative schools to further its interests. Findings of the paper also indicate that governments have been either complicit or negligent while dealing with Muslim riot victims. Analysis of news article regarding communal violence involving Hindus and Muslims indicate that the media acts as an echo chamber and enable Hindutva and Islamophobia in India.
自20世纪80年代以来,独立的印度见证了右翼激进印度教极端主义的激增。拉什特里亚的长期政治和意识形态目标是通过宣传印度教来创造一个印度教拉什特拉。为了实现这一目标,印度教的支持者用保守和虚构的思想激进青年和儿童,导致伊斯兰恐惧症。本文探讨了印度教话语的激进化和传播与社区暴力之间的联系。它还调查了VHP用来防止改变宗教信仰的活动。文章还分析了RSS如何通过改写教科书、控制教育模式和建立保守学校来实现其利益。论文的调查结果还表明,在处理穆斯林暴乱受害者时,政府要么是同谋,要么是疏忽。对涉及印度教徒和穆斯林的社区暴力的新闻文章的分析表明,媒体充当了一个回音室,在印度助长了印度教和伊斯兰恐惧症。
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引用次数: 5
Paths to Islamic Modernities: The Emergence of Reformist American Muslim Intellectuals and Their Dialectical Engagement with Modernity 伊斯兰现代性之路:改革派美国穆斯林知识分子的出现及其与现代性的辩证接触
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1943885
Serhan Tanriverdi
Abstract This article examines the emergence of reformist American Muslim intellectuals [hereafter RAMIs] and their discourses that challenge the authoritarian views and practices of traditional and fundamentalist Muslims in the U.S. over the last three decades. This study illustrates how RAMIs reformulate Islamic socio-political discourses on democracy, religious freedom, and gender equality when faced with the challenges of modernity and the complexity of meeting the needs of contemporary Muslims in multicultural societies. Many of the works produced by these intellectuals demonstrate a dialectical engagement, which refers to a critical reconciliation between liberating premises of modernity and Islamic ideas for greater social justice. Relying on multiple modernities framework, interviews, and critical discourse analyses of RAMIs’ major works, I argue that their distinct approach leads to the rise of Islamic modernities in the US. This study also shows that there are at least three levels of engagements with modernity among Muslims including rejection, adaptation, and critical synthesis.
本文考察了改革派美国穆斯林知识分子(以下简称RAMIs)的出现,以及他们在过去三十年中挑战美国传统和原教旨主义穆斯林的专制观点和实践的话语。这项研究说明了RAMIs如何在面对现代性的挑战和满足多元文化社会中当代穆斯林需求的复杂性时,重新制定伊斯兰关于民主、宗教自由和性别平等的社会政治话语。这些知识分子的许多作品都展示了一种辩证的参与,这是指现代性的解放前提和伊斯兰思想之间的关键和解,以实现更大的社会正义。基于多重现代性框架、访谈和对拉米主要作品的批判性话语分析,我认为他们独特的方法导致了美国伊斯兰现代性的兴起。这项研究还表明,穆斯林与现代性的接触至少有三个层次,包括拒绝、适应和批判性综合。
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引用次数: 0
Majority-Muslim Hate Crimes in England: An Interpretive Quantitative Analysis 英国以穆斯林为主的仇恨犯罪:一个解释性的定量分析
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1947587
J. Friedrichs
Abstract This article derives insights on majority-Muslim hate crimes in North England from a voluminous police dataset of racial and religious hate crimes in two districts. The ethnic identities of complainants and suspects, as recorded in the dataset, are used to establish patterns of perpetration and victimization in the wider context of majority-Muslim community relations. To make the most of a patchy evidence base and gain help with interpretation, I present preliminary results of my data analysis to hate crime practitioners in police, local government and civil society. The most striking findings are that hate crime practitioners explain the higher incidence of hate crimes late at night and during weekends with alcohol and nightlife socializing; that minorities, whether Asian Muslim or White British, are overrepresented as victims in their own residential area; and that there is more victimization among male than female Muslims, calling into question the narrative of “gendered Islamophobia.”
摘要:本文从两个地区的种族和宗教仇恨犯罪的大量警察数据中获得了对英格兰北部多数穆斯林仇恨犯罪的见解。数据集中记录的投诉人和嫌疑人的种族身份,用于在多数穆斯林社区关系的更广泛背景下建立犯罪和受害模式。为了充分利用不完整的证据基础并获得解释方面的帮助,我向警察、地方政府和民间社会的仇恨犯罪从业人员展示了我的数据分析的初步结果。最引人注目的发现是,仇恨犯罪从业者用酒精和夜生活社交来解释深夜和周末仇恨犯罪发生率较高的原因;少数族裔,无论是亚裔穆斯林还是英国白人,在他们自己居住的地区都是受害者;男性穆斯林比女性穆斯林更容易受害,这让人们对“性别伊斯兰恐惧症”的说法产生了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Doing Family, Gender, Religion and Raced Identities Across Generations: A Narrative Ethnography on Ismaili Women of Indian East African Heritage 跨代做家庭、性别、宗教和种族身份:印度东非传统伊斯玛仪妇女的叙事民族志
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1947588
S. Trovão
Abstract Drawing from a narrative ethnography, this paper provides insight into the ways Nizari Ismaili women of Indian East African heritage constructed and performed their mutually-constitutive identities in specific networks of power and hierarchy, and the local knowledges they have produced and passed on to their children. Having lived in Mozambique during the final decades of Portuguese colonialism, the six women interviewed were exposed to contradictory and ambivalent modernizing forces amplified by postcolonial migration processes. The analysis of their biographies and caregiving repertoires involved an intersectional framing to explore the links between identities, boundaries and hierarchy, combined with a multilevel conception of ambivalence addressing the dialectic intersection between the multiple sources of ambivalence in social life. The conclusion highlights how the contradictory structures and ideologies they navigated offered them resources for producing intergenerational transformative outcomes.
摘要本文从叙述性民族志出发,深入了解了印度裔东非裔尼扎里·伊斯梅利妇女在特定的权力和等级网络中构建和表现其相互构成的身份的方式,以及她们产生并传递给子女的当地知识。在葡萄牙殖民主义的最后几十年里,受访的六名女性生活在莫桑比克,她们暴露在后殖民移民过程放大的矛盾和矛盾的现代化力量中。对他们的传记和护理剧目的分析涉及交叉框架,以探索身份、边界和等级之间的联系,并结合多层次的矛盾心理概念,解决社会生活中矛盾心理的多种来源之间的辩证交叉。这一结论强调了他们所驾驭的相互矛盾的结构和意识形态如何为他们提供了产生代际变革成果的资源。
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引用次数: 0
The Representation of Islam and Muslims in Pre- and Post-9/11 New York Times News Articles: A Socio-Cognitive Analysis 伊斯兰教和穆斯林在9/11前后的表现——《纽约时报》的社会认知分析
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1947585
A. Siddiqa, Qurat-ul-ain
Abstract This study analyzes media representations of Islam and Muslims in the New York Times news articles six months before and after 9/11 to ascertain if and how post-9/11 representations changed. Similar studies have used quantitative methods to record the number of positive, negative, and neutral words, sentences, or tone in articles, editorials, or headlines to document a “positive” or “neutral” trend. Their statistical data notwithstanding, these studies overlook the contextual properties of discourse, which this study foregrounds through Teun A. van Dijk’s Socio-Cognitive Discourse Analysis. The article’s triangular approach analyzes the discursive, social, and cognitive features of the selected news articles to argue that while both pre- and post-9/11 articles reflect varying degrees of bias, the latter becomes more apparent in the post-9/11 period.
摘要本研究分析了《纽约时报》在9/11前后六个月的新闻文章中对伊斯兰教和穆斯林的媒体表述,以确定9/11后的表述是否以及如何发生变化。类似的研究也使用定量方法记录文章、社论或标题中积极、消极和中性的单词、句子或语气的数量,以记录“积极”或“中性”的趋势。尽管有统计数据,但这些研究忽略了话语的语境特性,本研究通过Teun A.van Dijk的社会认知话语分析来预测这一点。这篇文章的三角方法分析了所选新闻文章的话语、社会和认知特征,认为尽管9/11前后的文章都反映了不同程度的偏见,但后者在9/11后变得更加明显。
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引用次数: 0
Doing Family, Gender, Religion and Raced Identities across Generations: A Narrative Ethnography on Ismaili Women of Indian East African Heritage 跨代进行家庭、性别、宗教和种族认同:印度-东非裔伊斯梅利妇女的叙事民族志
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903162
S. Trovão
Abstract Drawing from a narrative ethnography, this paper provides insight into the ways Nizari Ismaili women of Indian East African heritage constructed and performed their mutually-constitutive identities in specific networks of power and hierarchy, and the local knowledges they have produced and passed on to their children. Having lived in Mozambique during the final decades of Portuguese colonialism, the six women interviewed were exposed to contradictory and ambivalent modernizing forces amplified by postcolonial migration processes. The analysis of their biographies and caregiving repertoires involved an intersectional framing to explore the links between identities, boundaries and hierarchy, combined with a multilevel conception of ambivalence addressing the dialectic intersection between the multiple sources of ambivalence in social life. The conclusion highlights how the contradictory structures and ideologies they navigated offered them resources for producing intergenerational transformative outcomes.
本文从叙事民族志的角度,深入探讨了印度东部非洲的尼扎里·伊斯玛仪女性在特定的权力和等级网络中构建和执行相互构成的身份的方式,以及她们所产生并传递给子女的当地知识。在葡萄牙殖民主义的最后几十年里,六名受访妇女生活在莫桑比克,她们面临着后殖民时期移民进程放大的矛盾和矛盾的现代化力量。对他们的传记和看护曲目的分析涉及一个交叉框架,以探索身份,边界和等级之间的联系,并结合多层次的矛盾心理概念,解决社会生活中矛盾心理的多种来源之间的辩证交叉。结论强调了他们所驾驭的矛盾结构和意识形态如何为他们提供了产生代际变革结果的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Growing Fear of Islamisation: Representation of Online Media in Malaysia 对伊斯兰化日益增长的恐惧:马来西亚网络媒体的代表性
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1903161
M. A. M. Nor, P. Gale
Abstract The use of hate speech in Malaysia has increased with access to the new media. Facebook, Twitter and the comments sections of news portals have been misused for distributing hateful content. This has heightened tensions among Malaysians. Violent incidences have occurred, such as church burnings, desecration of religious symbols and places of worship such as mosques. Some are of the opinion that intolerance contributes to such hostilities. However, the discourse surrounding intolerance is focused on Muslims and Islam, which adds to the growing fear of “strict Islam” amongst Malaysians. Sensationalised media reports on the issue of “creeping Islamisation” may widen the division between ethnicities. This study explores how popular Malaysian news portals represent Islamisation by using content and critical discourse analysis. Findings show that Islamisation tends to be framed negatively, contributing to the fear of Islamisation and restriction of fundamental freedoms.
摘要马来西亚仇恨言论的使用随着新媒体的普及而增加。脸书、推特和新闻门户网站的评论部分被滥用来传播仇恨内容。这加剧了马来西亚人之间的紧张关系。发生了一些暴力事件,如焚烧教堂、亵渎宗教象征和清真寺等礼拜场所。有些人认为,不容忍助长了这种敌对行动。然而,围绕不容忍的讨论集中在穆斯林和伊斯兰教上,这加剧了马来西亚人对“严格伊斯兰”的恐惧。媒体对“蔓延的伊斯兰化”问题的耸人听闻的报道可能会扩大种族之间的分歧。本研究通过内容分析和批判性话语分析,探讨了受欢迎的马来西亚新闻门户网站如何代表伊斯兰化。调查结果表明,伊斯兰化倾向于负面的框架,导致对伊斯兰化的恐惧和对基本自由的限制。
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引用次数: 5
Media Coverage of Two Violent Events with Muslim Perpetrators in Australia and the Netherlands 媒体对澳大利亚和荷兰两起穆斯林行凶者暴力事件的报道
IF 0.5 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2021.1894385
K. Dekker, Maša Mikola, V. Colic‐Peisker
Abstract This paper compares media coverage to violent events in Australia and the Netherlands: the murder of filmmaker Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam in November 2004 and the “Sydney siege”, a hostage-taking crisis in Sydney in December 2014. Both events were associated with Muslim perpetrators. We analyse media coverage by three high-circulation newspapers in each country in the week after the events. Our focus is on the public representation of Muslims in the news media, as well as the broader representation of multiculturalism. We find significant differences between the public reactions in two countries. Media reporting was more nuanced in Australia than in The Netherlands, where more negative reporting on Muslims could be found.
摘要本文将媒体报道与澳大利亚和荷兰的暴力事件进行了比较:2004年11月,电影制作人提奥·梵高在阿姆斯特丹被谋杀,2014年12月,悉尼发生了劫持人质危机“悉尼围城”。这两起事件都与穆斯林罪犯有关。我们分析了每个国家三家高发行量报纸在事件发生后一周的媒体报道。我们的重点是穆斯林在新闻媒体中的公众代表性,以及多元文化的更广泛代表性。我们发现两个国家的公众反应存在显著差异。澳大利亚的媒体报道比荷兰更为微妙,荷兰对穆斯林的负面报道更多。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
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