Pub Date : 2011-04-27DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000030
A. Schoklitsch, U. Baumann
Erikson already emphasized the importance of remaining generative in old age. Current instruments designed to measure generativity, however, were developed to be used with middle-aged adults. In a sample of older adults (N = 195), three newly developed instruments measuring different facets of generativity, each with several scales, were applied and tested with regard to methodological issues (internal structure, internal consistency of scales), bivariate associations with established instruments of generativity and social desirability, and age and gender differences. The study results confirmed that the theoretically assumed factor structure and characteristics of the scales support the assessment of generativity in a multidimensional way in older adults. Positive associations with the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) demonstrate a positive validation result.
{"title":"Measuring generativity in older adults: The development of new scales","authors":"A. Schoklitsch, U. Baumann","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000030","url":null,"abstract":"Erikson already emphasized the importance of remaining generative in old age. Current instruments designed to measure generativity, however, were developed to be used with middle-aged adults. In a sample of older adults (N = 195), three newly developed instruments measuring different facets of generativity, each with several scales, were applied and tested with regard to methodological issues (internal structure, internal consistency of scales), bivariate associations with established instruments of generativity and social desirability, and age and gender differences. The study results confirmed that the theoretically assumed factor structure and characteristics of the scales support the assessment of generativity in a multidimensional way in older adults. Positive associations with the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) demonstrate a positive validation result.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1024/1662-9647/A000030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-27DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000031
M. di Rosa, C. Kofahl, K. McKee, B. Bien̓, G. Lamura, C. Prouskas, H. Döhner, E. Mnich
This paper presents the EUROFAMCARE study findings, examining a typology of care situations for family carers of older people, and the interplay of carers with social and health services. Despite t ...
{"title":"A typology of caregiving situations and service use in family carers of older people in six European countries: The EUROFAMCARE study","authors":"M. di Rosa, C. Kofahl, K. McKee, B. Bien̓, G. Lamura, C. Prouskas, H. Döhner, E. Mnich","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the EUROFAMCARE study findings, examining a typology of care situations for family carers of older people, and the interplay of carers with social and health services. Despite t ...","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000025
P. Perrig-Chiello, S. Hutchison
In light of the mixed findings concerning the determinants of family caregivers’ burden and using a stress-resource model, we present questionnaire data from 311 family caregivers (partners and children) and 311 home-care professionals of the same elderly carereceiver. The differentiation between gender and kinship demonstrates the complexity and at the same time the disparity of investment and perceived burden among family caregivers. Although caregiving children are confronted with less primary objective stressors and have better health resources than caregiving partners, they report more primary subjective stressors and seem generally more burdened, especially caring daughters. The comparison of caregivers’ self-reports and professionals’ appraisals provide important insights into a gender and cohort reporting bias.
{"title":"Family caregivers of elderly persons: A differential perspective on stressors, resources, and well-being.","authors":"P. Perrig-Chiello, S. Hutchison","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000025","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the mixed findings concerning the determinants of family caregivers’ burden and using a stress-resource model, we present questionnaire data from 311 family caregivers (partners and children) and 311 home-care professionals of the same elderly carereceiver. The differentiation between gender and kinship demonstrates the complexity and at the same time the disparity of investment and perceived burden among family caregivers. Although caregiving children are confronted with less primary objective stressors and have better health resources than caregiving partners, they report more primary subjective stressors and seem generally more burdened, especially caring daughters. The comparison of caregivers’ self-reports and professionals’ appraisals provide important insights into a gender and cohort reporting bias.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000018
E. Helmes, A. Campbell
Cases of severe disability present both practical and psychometric problems when the disability limits function in domains other than the primary one. A re-analysis of the normative sample for the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES; Helmes, Csapo, & Short, 1987) contrasted different approaches to dealing with its 18 items that include a “does not apply” option. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare scoring options for such items. Items were also analyzed using item response theory, which revealed several distinct options for the 18 items in question. Several MOSES items do not need the use of the “does not apply” scoring option. A revision of MOSES to incorporate the revised scoring for those 10 items is in order.
{"title":"Complications with assessing disability in care of the aged: when does \"does not apply\" apply?","authors":"E. Helmes, A. Campbell","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000018","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of severe disability present both practical and psychometric problems when the disability limits function in domains other than the primary one. A re-analysis of the normative sample for the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES; Helmes, Csapo, & Short, 1987) contrasted different approaches to dealing with its 18 items that include a “does not apply” option. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare scoring options for such items. Items were also analyzed using item response theory, which revealed several distinct options for the 18 items in question. Several MOSES items do not need the use of the “does not apply” scoring option. A revision of MOSES to incorporate the revised scoring for those 10 items is in order.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000019
Christie Chung
Many studies have documented that we remember less negative information as we grow older. The present study examined the effects of view of life and selection bias on this positivity effect using an emotional picture memory task. Young adults were tested in the laboratory, and older adults were either tested in the laboratory or at home. Results confirmed a positivity effect in old age. Selection bias and view of life did not significantly influence older adults’ emotional memory as predicted. Metamemory, however, was affected by selection bias: Older adults tested in the laboratory had higher self-rated memory scores than those who tested at home.
{"title":"Effects of View of Life and Selection Bias on Emotional Memory in Old Age","authors":"Christie Chung","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000019","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have documented that we remember less negative information as we grow older. The present study examined the effects of view of life and selection bias on this positivity effect using an emotional picture memory task. Young adults were tested in the laboratory, and older adults were either tested in the laboratory or at home. Results confirmed a positivity effect in old age. Selection bias and view of life did not significantly influence older adults’ emotional memory as predicted. Metamemory, however, was affected by selection bias: Older adults tested in the laboratory had higher self-rated memory scores than those who tested at home.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-08DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000017
A. Leist, D. Ferring, S. Filipp
We examined distributions of remembered negative and positive life events across the lifespan in a sample of adults in middle and old age. Distributions of positive, but not negative, life events showed a significant reminiscence bump, replicating earlier findings. Gender differences occurred with respect to distribution of memories of positive life events of the first four decades of life. Furthermore, we found substantial associations of number and valence of remembered life events with future time perspective and functions of autobiographical memory to create meaning, which remained significant after controlling for age and health. The number and valence of negative and positive life events across the lifespan reflect, to a certain extent, the age and time perspective of the remembering individual.
{"title":"Remembering Positive and Negative Life Events: Associations with Future Time Perspective and Functions of Autobiographical Memory","authors":"A. Leist, D. Ferring, S. Filipp","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000017","url":null,"abstract":"We examined distributions of remembered negative and positive life events across the lifespan in a sample of adults in middle and old age. Distributions of positive, but not negative, life events showed a significant reminiscence bump, replicating earlier findings. Gender differences occurred with respect to distribution of memories of positive life events of the first four decades of life. Furthermore, we found substantial associations of number and valence of remembered life events with future time perspective and functions of autobiographical memory to create meaning, which remained significant after controlling for age and health. The number and valence of negative and positive life events across the lifespan reflect, to a certain extent, the age and time perspective of the remembering individual.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-19DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000014
Chih-Wei Chang, L. Ko, F. Lin, Tung-Ping Su, T. Jung, Chin-Teng Lin, J. Chiou
Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely adopted to monitor changes in cognitive states, particularly stages of sleep, as EEG recordings contain a wealth of information reflecting changes in alertness and sleepiness. In this study, silicon dry electrodes based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) were developed to bring high-quality EEG acquisition to operational workplaces. They have superior conductivity performance, large signal intensity, and are smaller in size than conventional (wet) electrodes. An EEG-based drowsiness estimation system consisting of a dry-electrode array, power spectrum estimation, principal component analysis (PCA)-based EEG signal analysis, and multivariate linear regression was developed to estimate drivers’ drowsiness levels in a virtual-reality-based dynamic driving simulator. The proposed system can help elders who are often affected by periods of tiredness and fatigue.
{"title":"Drowsiness Monitoring with EEG-Based MEMS Biosensing Technologies","authors":"Chih-Wei Chang, L. Ko, F. Lin, Tung-Ping Su, T. Jung, Chin-Teng Lin, J. Chiou","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000014","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely adopted to monitor changes in cognitive states, particularly stages of sleep, as EEG recordings contain a wealth of information reflecting changes in alertness and sleepiness. In this study, silicon dry electrodes based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) were developed to bring high-quality EEG acquisition to operational workplaces. They have superior conductivity performance, large signal intensity, and are smaller in size than conventional (wet) electrodes. An EEG-based drowsiness estimation system consisting of a dry-electrode array, power spectrum estimation, principal component analysis (PCA)-based EEG signal analysis, and multivariate linear regression was developed to estimate drivers’ drowsiness levels in a virtual-reality-based dynamic driving simulator. The proposed system can help elders who are often affected by periods of tiredness and fatigue.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-24DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000002
Isabelle Albert, K. Labs, G. Trommsdorff
Along with increased life expectancy, successful aging and possibilities for increasing well-being in old age have become important research topics in recent years. The present study (a) examines the relationship between satisfaction in several life domains (with respect to family, friendships, and health) and general life satisfaction of older adult women in Germany, and (b) determines which factors moderate the importance of satisfaction in these different life domains for the evaluation of general life satisfaction. More precisely, we examine the role of partnership status and self-construal. The sample consisted of 98 German women between the age of 58 and 83 years (M = 69.6 years; SD = 5.9 years) who were interviewed in the framework of the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural Value of Children Study. Results showed that for women living with a partner, satisfaction with family was most important for their general life satisfaction, whereas for women without a partner, satisfaction with friendships a...
{"title":"Are Older Adult German Women Satisfied with Their Lives? On the Role of Life Domains, Partnership Status, and Self-Construal","authors":"Isabelle Albert, K. Labs, G. Trommsdorff","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000002","url":null,"abstract":"Along with increased life expectancy, successful aging and possibilities for increasing well-being in old age have become important research topics in recent years. The present study (a) examines the relationship between satisfaction in several life domains (with respect to family, friendships, and health) and general life satisfaction of older adult women in Germany, and (b) determines which factors moderate the importance of satisfaction in these different life domains for the evaluation of general life satisfaction. More precisely, we examine the role of partnership status and self-construal. The sample consisted of 98 German women between the age of 58 and 83 years (M = 69.6 years; SD = 5.9 years) who were interviewed in the framework of the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural Value of Children Study. Results showed that for women living with a partner, satisfaction with family was most important for their general life satisfaction, whereas for women without a partner, satisfaction with friendships a...","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-24DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000003
M. Aichberger, M. Busch, F. Reischies, A. Ströhle, A. Heinz, M. Rapp
Objective: To examine the association between physical activity and cognitive performance in a longitudinal study. Methods: We analyzed data from 17.333 noninstitutionalized persons aged 50 years or older in 11 European countries who participated in Wave 1 (2004/2005) and Wave 2 (2006/2007) of the Survey of Heath, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity at baseline was measured as self-reported frequency of sports or activities requiring vigorous activity, and frequency of activities demanding a moderate level of activity. Cognitive function was measured at baseline and after a mean of 2.5 years of follow-up by delayed word recall and verbal fluency tests. The effects of physical activity at baseline on cognitive performance at follow-up were assessed in hierarchical multilevel random effects models adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age, education), somatic comorbidities, functional impairment (basic and instrumental activities of daily living, maximum grip strength), depressive symptoms, and body mass index. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found physical inactivity (neither moderate nor vigorous) to be associated with a higher rate of cognitive decline over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (β = -1.79 (SE = 0.17) for verbal fluency; β = -0.35 (SE = 0.04) for delayed word recall). Further analyses showed that vigorous activities more than once a week were especially related to change in cognition over time. Conclusion: Engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activities protects against cognitive decline in older age. Participation in physical activities may be of particular importance when other risk factors for cognitive decline are present.
{"title":"Effect of Physical Inactivity on Cognitive Performance after 2.5 Years of Follow-Up Longitudinal Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement (SHARE)","authors":"M. Aichberger, M. Busch, F. Reischies, A. Ströhle, A. Heinz, M. Rapp","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the association between physical activity and cognitive performance in a longitudinal study. Methods: We analyzed data from 17.333 noninstitutionalized persons aged 50 years or older in 11 European countries who participated in Wave 1 (2004/2005) and Wave 2 (2006/2007) of the Survey of Heath, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity at baseline was measured as self-reported frequency of sports or activities requiring vigorous activity, and frequency of activities demanding a moderate level of activity. Cognitive function was measured at baseline and after a mean of 2.5 years of follow-up by delayed word recall and verbal fluency tests. The effects of physical activity at baseline on cognitive performance at follow-up were assessed in hierarchical multilevel random effects models adjusted for sociodemographic variables (age, education), somatic comorbidities, functional impairment (basic and instrumental activities of daily living, maximum grip strength), depressive symptoms, and body mass index. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found physical inactivity (neither moderate nor vigorous) to be associated with a higher rate of cognitive decline over a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (β = -1.79 (SE = 0.17) for verbal fluency; β = -0.35 (SE = 0.04) for delayed word recall). Further analyses showed that vigorous activities more than once a week were especially related to change in cognition over time. Conclusion: Engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activities protects against cognitive decline in older age. Participation in physical activities may be of particular importance when other risk factors for cognitive decline are present.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000023
V. Burholt, C. Dobbs
We explored the relationships in two societies between prevailing family values, the provision and receipt of help (functional solidarity), and emotional closeness (affective solidarity). The sample comprised Indian Gujaratis and Punjabis, and Bangladeshi Sylhetis living in the United Kingdom or in South Asia (n = 572, age = 55+). Most relationships were independent of caregiving or carereceipt. Help was more likely to be provided by sons than daughters, although more daughters provided help to older Punjabis in the UK than in South Asia. Emotional closeness was related to functional solidarity for Punjabis (both areas), and Sylhetis (UK). In conclusion, there were differences between South Asian groups in the extent to which they acculturate, remain separate, or enculturate in the host society.
{"title":"Caregiving and Carereceiving Relationships of Older South Asians","authors":"V. Burholt, C. Dobbs","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000023","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the relationships in two societies between prevailing family values, the provision and receipt of help (functional solidarity), and emotional closeness (affective solidarity). The sample comprised Indian Gujaratis and Punjabis, and Bangladeshi Sylhetis living in the United Kingdom or in South Asia (n = 572, age = 55+). Most relationships were independent of caregiving or carereceipt. Help was more likely to be provided by sons than daughters, although more daughters provided help to older Punjabis in the UK than in South Asia. Emotional closeness was related to functional solidarity for Punjabis (both areas), and Sylhetis (UK). In conclusion, there were differences between South Asian groups in the extent to which they acculturate, remain separate, or enculturate in the host society.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1024/1662-9647/A000023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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