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Emotional Robots: Principles and Experiences with Paro in Denmark, Germany, and the UK 情感机器人:原理和经验与帕罗在丹麦,德国和英国
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000085
B. Klein, L. Gaedt, G. Cook
As societies age there will be a significant increase of those over 80 and a predicted increase in people with dementia. We know that loneliness increases with old age, and those living with dementia are at risk of social isolation. Also opportunities for sensory stimulation and engagement in pleasurable activities are reduced in old age. The question is what technologies can be used to extend the range of available interventions that can enhance well-being. Emotional robots have been developed for activity and therapeutic purposes. This article explores experiences of the emotional robot PARO in Denmark, Germany and UK, and provides principles of this robot as an activity or activity with a therapeutic purpose.
随着社会的老龄化,80岁以上的人口将显著增加,预计痴呆症患者也会增加。我们知道,孤独感随着年龄的增长而增加,痴呆症患者面临社会孤立的风险。此外,感官刺激和参与愉快活动的机会在老年时减少了。问题是可以使用哪些技术来扩大可以提高福祉的现有干预措施的范围。情感机器人已被开发用于活动和治疗目的。本文探讨了情感机器人PARO在丹麦、德国和英国的经验,并提供了这种机器人作为一种活动或具有治疗目的的活动的原理。
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引用次数: 40
The Influence of Age and Work-Related Expertise on Fine Motor Control 年龄和工作相关专业知识对精细运动控制的影响
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-11-29 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000071
S. Vieluf, Jasmin Mahmoodi, B. Godde, Eva-Maria Reuter, C. Voelcker-Rehage
Age-related decline of fine motor control commences even in middle adulthood. Less is known, however, whether age-related changes can be postponed through continuous practice. In this study we tested how age and professional expertise influence fine motor control in middle-aged adults. Forty-eight right-handed novices and experts (35 to 65 years) performed submaximal precision grip force modulation tasks with index or middle finger opposing the thumb, either with the right hand or the left hand. Novices revealed expected age-related differences in all performance measures (force initialization, mean applied force, variability), whereas experts outperformed novices in all outcome measures. Expertise seems to contribute to maintaining manual skills into older age, as indicated by the age and expertise interaction for the force initialization.
与年龄相关的精细运动控制能力下降甚至在中年就开始了。然而,与年龄相关的变化是否可以通过持续的练习来推迟,这一点尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们测试了年龄和专业知识对中年人精细运动控制的影响。48名右撇子新手和专家(35 ~ 65岁)在右手或左手的食指或中指相对于拇指的情况下完成了亚最大精确度握力调节任务。新手在所有表现指标(力初始化、平均施加力、变异性)中表现出预期的年龄相关差异,而专家在所有结果指标中表现优于新手。专业知识似乎有助于在老年时期保持手工技能,正如年龄和专业知识对力初始化的相互作用所表明的那样。
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引用次数: 29
Research on Active Aging in Germany 德国积极老龄化研究
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-09-25 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000067
C. Tesch-Römer, S. Wurm
The year 2012 is the European Year of Active Aging and Intergenerational Solidarity. On this occasion, the journal GeroPsych presents an overview of the contributions of gerontopsychology to active aging across Europe. Active aging comprises both individual processes and societal opportunity structures for health, participation and integration. The goal of interventions for active aging is to enhance the quality of life as people age. In the following, we will sketch the situation of gerontopsychological research on active aging in Germany. We firstly describe some important milestones in the history of gerontopsychology in Germany, secondly point to some research institutions and their contributions to active aging in Germany, and thirdly give some examples of research on active aging we are involved in ourselves.
2012年是欧洲积极老龄化和代际团结年。在这个场合,《老年心理学》杂志概述了老年心理学对欧洲积极老龄化的贡献。积极老龄化既包括个人过程,也包括促进健康、参与和融合的社会机会结构。积极老龄化干预的目标是随着人们年龄的增长提高生活质量。下面,我们将概述德国积极老龄化的老年心理学研究情况。我们首先描述了德国老年心理学历史上的一些重要里程碑,其次指出了一些研究机构及其对德国积极老龄化的贡献,第三给出了一些我们自己参与的积极老龄化研究的例子。
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引用次数: 11
Geropsychology Across Europe 整个欧洲的老年心理学
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-09-25 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000060
D. Ferring, F. Lang
Europe is aging. European countries currently have the highest proportions of older people in the world and will remain societies of long life over the next decades. Although this process may be less pronounced in some countries, due to a continuing decreasing fertility rate and a continuously increasing life expectancy the general trend shows a clear disproportion of the younger to the older generations especially in the West European countries. Recent extrapolations by Eurostat predict that there will be a dramatic increase of the “old old” above 80 years within the next 15 years, while the proportion of persons within the active age range between 15 to 64 years will decrease. Aging also has a remarkable gender specificity, the majority of very old people being women. These circumstances challenge societies on several dimensions, not the least with respect to the sustainability of public resources. Moreover, Europe has to simultaneously adapt to the challenges and demands of globalization, adding a further dynamic: the notion of resource fairness and distribution of resources. These challenges are not unknown, and several European countries are now focusing on developing “aging policies” and on the necessity of intergenerational solidarity. For instance, this is indicated by the fact that the year 2012 has been designated the “European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations.” Parallel to this, geropsychology and geriatrics has become more and more prominent in national public discourses. Clearly, such demands require more effort to be invested in how the lives and health of older adults can be improved. This involves new challenges to the applied behavioral and medical sciences, requiring greater attention on how to organize intervention, nonpharmaceutical treatments, therapy, and higher education in psychogerontological fields of work. In fact, we believe that greater expertise and knowledge in geropsychology will be necessary for all fields of aging research and practice. The present issue of GeroPsych starts with instructive reports on intervention approaches and research in geropsychology across Europe describing new trends and providing insights into a flourishing field from various national perspectives. Stepankova and colleagues report on evaluation results of a memory training study from the Czech Republic. Schindler and colleagues investigate the extent to which perceived knowledge of dementia is associated with lower caregiver burden in a German sample of dementia caregivers. Despot Lucanin and coauthors from Croatia investigate who changes of subjective health are associated with objective physical and mental health over time. Fernandez-Ballesteros and Schettini evaluate university programs for older adults in Spain. The second section of this special issue includes four national reports giving an overview of the developments, research, and education in the field of geropsychology in Austria (Auer & Gatterer), the
欧洲正在老龄化。欧洲国家目前是世界上老年人比例最高的国家,未来几十年仍将是长寿社会。虽然这一过程在一些国家可能不太明显,但由于生育率继续下降和预期寿命不断增加,总的趋势显示出年轻一代与老一代明显不成比例,特别是在西欧国家。欧盟统计局最近的推断预测,在未来15年内,80岁以上的“高龄老人”将急剧增加,而15至64岁之间的活动年龄范围内的人口比例将下降。老龄化还具有显著的性别特异性,大多数高龄老人都是女性。这些情况在几个方面对社会构成挑战,尤其是在公共资源的可持续性方面。此外,欧洲必须同时适应全球化的挑战和要求,增加一个进一步的动力:资源公平和资源分配的概念。这些挑战并非未知,一些欧洲国家现在正专注于制定“老龄化政策”和代际团结的必要性。例如,2012年被指定为“欧洲积极老龄化和代际团结年”就表明了这一点。与此同时,老年心理学和老年病学在国家公共话语中也变得越来越突出。显然,这些要求要求在如何改善老年人的生活和健康方面投入更多努力。这对应用行为科学和医学科学提出了新的挑战,需要更多地关注如何组织干预、非药物治疗、治疗和心理老年学领域的高等教育。事实上,我们相信,老年心理学的专业知识和知识对于所有领域的老龄化研究和实践都是必要的。本期《老年心理学》以欧洲各地的干预方法和老年心理学研究的启发性报告开始,描述了新的趋势,并从不同国家的角度对一个蓬勃发展的领域提供了见解。Stepankova和他的同事报告了一项来自捷克共和国的记忆训练研究的评估结果。Schindler和他的同事调查了在德国痴呆症护理人员样本中,认知痴呆症知识与较低护理负担之间的关联程度。Despot Lucanin和来自克罗地亚的合著者调查了主观健康的变化与客观身心健康的关系。Fernandez-Ballesteros和Schettini评估了西班牙针对老年人的大学课程。本期特刊的第二部分包括四个国家的报告,概述了奥地利(Auer & Gatterer)、捷克共和国(Stepankova等人)、德国(Wurm & Tesch-Romer)和西班牙(Santacreu Ivars)在老年心理学领域的发展、研究和教育。所有论文都揭示了许多欧洲国家的老年心理学工作和研究的多面性、广度和生产力。当然,我们知道,要报告的问题远不止一个特刊所能捕捉到的。因此,我们确信,这一期特刊只是即将出版的众多特刊中的一期。
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引用次数: 1
Associations of psychological, functional, and biological factors with age changes in the self-perceived health of old persons 心理、功能和生物因素与老年人自我感知健康的年龄变化的关系
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-09-25 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000063
J. D. Lučanin, D. Lučanin
This research investigates the associations of psychological and biological factors with the self-perceived health of old persons. Participants were 411 residents of 11 retirement homes in Zagreb, Croatia: 104 men, 307 women, aged 56–96 years (average 79) at baseline, mobile, and not diagnosed with dementia. The variables measured, at baseline and at 2-year follow-up, were sociodemographics, self-perceived health, functional ability, cognitive function, depression, and social participation. Biochemical variables were measured from vein blood sample at baseline. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses explained 33%–38% of self-perceived health variance. Functional ability, depressive symptoms, and age were significant predictors of self-perceived health in all analyses. Two biological cardiovascular risk factors variables – glucose and urea – were significantly associated with self-perceived health.
本研究旨在探讨心理及生理因素与老年人自我认知健康的关系。参与者是克罗地亚萨格勒布11家养老院的411名居民:104名男性,307名女性,基线年龄为56-96岁(平均79岁),可移动,未被诊断患有痴呆症。在基线和2年随访时测量的变量包括社会人口统计学、自我感知健康、功能能力、认知功能、抑郁和社会参与。从基线时的静脉血液样本中测量生化变量。横断面和纵向分析解释了33%-38%的自我感知健康差异。在所有分析中,功能能力、抑郁症状和年龄是自我感知健康的显著预测因子。两个生物心血管危险因素变量-葡萄糖和尿素-与自我感知健康显著相关。
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引用次数: 11
Effects of Depressive Syndromes on the Everyday Competence of Nursing Home Residents with Dementia 抑郁症状对老年痴呆患者日常能力的影响
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-08-20 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000059
S. Verhülsdonk, S. Engel
Depression in dementia is very common and has significant effects on the functional impairment of nursing-home residents. This study assesses depression, depression diagnosis, cognitive status, status of medication and functional status in 138 residents. Results: (1) 34.1% of the demented residents had a depressive symptomatology. (2) No diagnosis of “depression” was documented for a high percentage of depressed residents. (3) No correlation between depressive symptoms and treatment with antidepressants was present. (4) There was no correlation between the stage of dementia and the rate of depression. (5) There were significant differences in the everyday competence between depressive and nondepressive residents with dementia. The data suggest the need for an adequate diagnosis and treatment of depressive residents with dementia and underlines the need for improvement in care and treatment in primary care and nursing homes.
痴呆患者的抑郁非常普遍,对养老院居民的功能损害有显著影响。本研究对138名居民的抑郁、抑郁诊断、认知状况、用药状况和功能状况进行了评估。结果:(1)34.1%的痴呆患者存在抑郁症状。(2)高比例的抑郁居民未被诊断为“抑郁”。(3)抑郁症状与抗抑郁药物治疗之间不存在相关性。(4)痴呆分期与抑郁发生率无相关性。(5)抑郁型痴呆患者与非抑郁型痴呆患者的日常能力存在显著差异。这些数据表明,有必要对患有痴呆症的抑郁症患者进行充分的诊断和治疗,并强调需要改善初级保健和养老院的护理和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Multidimensionality in Developmental Conceptions Across Adulthood 成年期发展观念的多维性
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-07-16 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000055
Maida Mustafic, A. Freund
Two studies demonstrate the usefulness of a newly developed, direct assessment method of subjective conceptualizations of development across adulthood. Results of Study 1 (N = 234, 18–83 years) suggest that older adults anticipate stronger decline in four domains of functioning (subjective well-being, social relationships, cognition, physical functioning) than younger and middle-aged adults. Study 2 (N = 166, 20–85 years) showed that older adults’ conceptualizations show less differentiation across domains than those of younger and middle-aged adults’. Results of both studies confirm lifespan notions of multidirectionality (expectations of gains and losses) but also show age-related differences in multidimensionality of developmental conceptions (i.e., differences in expected trajectories between domains). Moreover, results provide evidence that favorable conceptions impact perceived controllability and actual subjective well-being.
两项研究证明了一种新开发的、对成年期发展的主观概念化的直接评估方法的有效性。研究1 (N = 234, 18-83岁)的结果表明,老年人在四个功能领域(主观幸福感、社会关系、认知、身体功能)的衰退比年轻人和中年人更严重。研究2 (N = 166, 20-85岁)表明,老年人的概念化表现出比年轻人和中年人更少的跨领域分化。这两项研究的结果都证实了多方向性的寿命概念(对得失的预期),但也显示了与年龄相关的发展概念多维性的差异(即,不同领域之间预期轨迹的差异)。此外,研究结果还提供了有利观念影响感知可控性和实际主观幸福感的证据。
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引用次数: 27
Perceived Rights of and Social Distance to People with Alzheimer’s Disease 阿尔茨海默病患者的感知权利和社会距离
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-03-19 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000052
E. Bourkel, D. Ferring, G. Weber
The present study investigated how laypeople and professionals (N = 185) judge the rights of someone affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and whether social distance exists toward this person. Pa...
本研究调查了外行人和专业人士(N = 185)如何判断阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的权利以及与该患者是否存在社会距离。爸爸……
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引用次数: 9
The Two Faces of Age Identity 年龄认同的两面
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-03-19 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000050
David Weiss, F. Lang
As people grow older they develop a sense of a dual age identity, referring to their age group and generation (Weiss & Lang, 2009). Two studies (N1 = 37, 60–85 years and N2 = 104, 65–88 years of age) compared and contrasted older adults’ cognitive representations of two types of age cohort groups (age group vs. generation). Analyses reveal that age-group identity was more frequently associated with loss and decline, whereas generation identity was more frequently associated with positive characteristics and increased levels of agency. Findings also show that generation identity may – especially in later adulthood – serve as a means to compensate for loss. The self-protective function of the dual age identity and the dynamic and flexible nature of identification are further discussed.
随着人们年龄的增长,他们发展出一种双重年龄认同感,指的是他们的年龄组和世代(Weiss & Lang, 2009)。两项研究(N1 = 37, 60-85岁,N2 = 104, 65-88岁)比较和对比了两种年龄队列组(年龄组与代际)老年人的认知表征。分析表明,年龄组身份更多地与丧失和衰退有关,而代际身份则更多地与积极特征和代理水平的提高有关。研究结果还表明,世代认同可能——尤其是在成年后期——是一种补偿损失的手段。进一步探讨了双重年龄认同的自我保护功能以及认同的动态性和灵活性。
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引用次数: 28
Intensive Measurement Designs for Research on Aging. 老化研究的密集测量设计。
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000054
Philippe Rast, Stuart W S Macdonald, Scott M Hofer

Intensive measurement burst designs permit analysis of behavioral and biological processes as they unfold over short and long periods of time and providing the opportunity to identify change from an individual's normative level of functioning. The measurement burst design permits statistical decomposition of short-term variation and learning effects that overlay normative aging and provide stronger bases for detecting accelerated change due to pathological processes. We provide an overview of design features and analysis of measurement burst data in Project MIND. The objective of intensive measurement designs is to obtain greater resolution of processes of interest that permit reliable and sensitive assessments of functioning and change in functioning and of key determinants underlying short-term variation and long-term aging and health-related change.

密集的测量突发设计允许对行为和生物过程进行分析,因为它们在短时间和长时间内展开,并提供机会从个人的规范功能水平识别变化。测量突发设计允许统计分解短期变化和覆盖规范老化的学习效应,并为检测由于病理过程导致的加速变化提供更强大的基础。我们概述了MIND项目中测量突发数据的设计特点和分析。密集测量设计的目标是获得对相关过程的更大分辨率,从而能够对功能和功能变化以及短期变化和长期老龄化和健康相关变化背后的关键决定因素进行可靠和敏感的评估。
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引用次数: 23
期刊
GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry
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