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12-Year Associations of Health with Personality in the Second Half of Life: Being versus Feeling Healthy 12年健康与后半生人格的关系:健康与感觉健康
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000162
M. Wettstein, Benjamin Tauber, H. Wahl, C. Frankenberg
We examined longitudinal associations between personality, objective (physician-rated) and self-rated health over 12 years in two German cohorts (midlife cohort, born 1950/52, nT0 = 502; late-life cohort, born 1930/32, nT0 = 500) from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE). Based on cross-lagged panel design analyses controlling for sex, education, depression, and cognitive abilities, we found that after 12 years better baseline objective health predicted lower Neuroticism and higher Agreeableness, whereas baseline Extraversion and Conscientiousness were positive predictors of later self-rated health. Our findings thus illustrate that the direction of longitudinal personality-health associations is dependent on whether objective or self-rated health is considered, whereas relations do not seem to be considerably different in midlife vs. in old age.
我们研究了来自成人发展跨学科纵向研究(ILSE)的两个德国队列(中年队列,1950/52年出生,nT0=502;晚年队列,1930/32年出生,nT0=500)中12年来人格、客观(医生评定)和自我评定健康之间的纵向关联。基于控制性、教育、抑郁和认知能力的交叉滞后面板设计分析,我们发现,12年后,更好的基线客观健康预测了较低的神经质和较高的合意性,而基线外向性和尽责性是后期自评健康的积极预测因素。因此,我们的研究结果表明,纵向人格健康关联的方向取决于是否考虑客观或自我评价的健康,而中年与老年的关系似乎没有太大区别。
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引用次数: 11
Cognitive Performance in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia Across the Lifespan 慢性精神分裂症患者一生的认知表现
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000164
Christina J. Herold, L. Schmid, M. Lässer, U. Seidl, J. Schröder
Chronic schizophrenia involves neuropsychological deficits that primarily strike executive functions and episodic memory. Our study investigated these deficits throughout the lifespan in patients with chronic schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Important neuropsychological functions were tested in 94 patients and 66 healthy controls, who were assigned to three age groups. Compared with the healthy controls, patients performed significantly poorer on all tests applied. Significant age effects occurred on all tests except the digit span forward, with older subjects scoring well below the younger ones. With respect to cognitive flexibility, age effects were more pronounced in the patients. These findings underline the importance of cognitive deficits in chronic schizophrenia and indicate that diminished cognitive flexibility shows age-associated differences.
慢性精神分裂症涉及主要影响执行功能和情景记忆的神经心理缺陷。我们的研究在慢性精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的整个生命周期中调查了这些缺陷。研究人员对94名患者和66名健康对照者进行了重要的神经心理功能测试,他们被分为三个年龄组。与健康对照组相比,患者在所有测试中的表现都明显较差。年龄在所有测试中都有显著的影响,除了向前的手指跨度,年长的受试者得分远低于年轻的受试者。在认知灵活性方面,年龄的影响在患者中更为明显。这些发现强调了慢性精神分裂症认知缺陷的重要性,并表明认知灵活性的降低显示出与年龄相关的差异。
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引用次数: 15
Routine Data Indicators of Treatment for Dementia and Old-Age Depression 痴呆症和老年抑郁症治疗的常规数据指标
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000163
F. Godemann, C. Wolff-Menzler, M. Löhr, H. Wiegand
Complications in the course of dementia are one of the leading reasons for treatment in German psychiatric hospitals. One way to assess treatment quality with a moderate effort is to analyze existing routine data. A large routine dataset exists for psychiatric hospitals in Germany. This work reports on the indicators of inpatient treatment of patients with dementia and compares them to those found with old-age depression. Among other results it was shown that no specific dementia diagnosis was defined in more than 15% of all cases, and that the readmission rate within 30 days was more than 25%. Depressed people, on the other hand, showed lower readmission rates: They got more specific diagnoses and more therapeutic contacts. In conclusion, several aspects of diagnosis and treatment demand improvement among patients with dementia.
痴呆症过程中的并发症是德国精神病院治疗的主要原因之一。用适度的努力评估治疗质量的一种方法是分析现有的常规数据。德国有一个大型的精神病医院常规数据集。这项工作报告了痴呆症患者住院治疗的指标,并将其与老年抑郁症患者进行了比较。在其他结果中,超过15%的病例没有明确的痴呆症诊断,30天内的再次入院率超过25%。另一方面,抑郁症患者的再次入院率较低:他们得到了更具体的诊断和更多的治疗接触。总之,痴呆症患者在诊断和治疗的几个方面都需要改进。
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引用次数: 1
Bidirectional Associations Between Self-Perceptions of Aging and Processing Speed Across 3 Years 3年内衰老自我认知与加工速度的双向关联
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2017-01-30 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000165
A. Seidler, J. K. Wolff
Background: Previous studies point to a potential relationship between self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and cognitive performance. However, most of these studies are limited by their experimental design. Previous longitudinal studies looked solely at memory as an outcome variable without examining the directionality of effects. The present study examines the direction of effects between two domains of SPA (personal growth and physical losses) and processing speed (PS). Methods: The sample consists of 8,198 participants of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), aged between 40 and 93 years. A cross-lagged path model was estimated to examine directions of relationships across 3 years via chi-squared difference tests for each domain of SPA. Results: In the unconstrained models, the effect of SPA domain personal growth in 2008 on PS in 2011 and vice versa were marginally significant. For SPA domain physical losses, the effect of SPA on PS was significant, whereas the other direction of the effect did not reach significance. However, the cross-lagged paths of both domains of SPA on PS and vice versa could be set equal without a significant loss of model fit. The resulting associations indicate a significant bidirectional relationship between both domains of SPA and PS. Discussion and conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that SPA can influence trajectories of cognitive decline and vice versa. The results emphasize the detrimental and beneficial effects that stereotypes can have on individuals and add further evidence to the theory of stereotype embodiment.
背景:先前的研究指出,衰老的自我感知(SPA)与认知表现之间存在潜在的关系。然而,这些研究大多受到实验设计的限制。以前的纵向研究只将记忆作为一个结果变量,而没有考察影响的方向性。本研究考察了SPA(个人成长和身体损失)和处理速度(PS)两个领域之间的影响方向。方法:该样本由德国老龄化调查(DEAS)的8198名参与者组成,年龄在40至93岁之间。估计了一个交叉滞后路径模型,通过SPA每个领域的卡方差分检验来检验3年内的关系方向。结果:在无约束模型中,2008年SPA领域个人成长对2011年PS的影响略为显著,反之亦然。对于SPA域的物理损失,SPA对PS的影响是显著的,而另一个方向的影响没有达到显著性。然而,PS上SPA的两个域的交叉滞后路径(反之亦然)可以设置为相等,而不会显著损失模型拟合。由此产生的关联表明SPA和PS两个领域之间存在显著的双向关系。讨论和结论:本研究提供了初步证据,证明SPA可以影响认知能力下降的轨迹,反之亦然。研究结果强调了刻板印象对个体的有害和有益影响,并为刻板印象的具体化理论提供了进一步的证据。
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引用次数: 26
Monitoring Pronouns in Conflicts 在冲突中监测代词
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000158
Mona Neysari, G. Bodenmann, M. Mehl, K. Bernecker, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck, S. Backes, M. Zemp, Mike Martin, A. Horn
Abstract. Conflict communication represents a basic process for the quality of intimate relationships, which is fundamental to well-being over the lifespan. This study investigates the temporal unfolding of different relational perspectives during a conflict situation by monitoring pronoun use in young, middle-aged, and old couples within the theoretical framework of Gottman’s phases of conflict. Our results reveal different trajectories of “I”-, “you”-, and “we”-talk over a conflict conversation in both partners. These trajectories differ between females and males. Furthermore, “you”-talk and “we”-talk differed among the age groups over time. Understanding the temporal dynamics of marital communication as reflected by pronoun use seems promising for a better understanding of conflict related processes in couples over the lifespan.
摘要冲突沟通代表了亲密关系质量的基本过程,这是一生幸福的基础。本研究在Gottman冲突阶段理论框架下,通过监测青年、中年和老年夫妇的代词使用情况,探讨了冲突情境中不同关系视角的时间展开。我们的研究结果揭示了双方在冲突对话中“我”-“你”-和“我们”的不同轨迹。这些轨迹在女性和男性之间有所不同。此外,随着时间的推移,“你”说话和“我们”说话在不同年龄组之间也有所不同。理解代词使用所反映的婚姻沟通的时间动态,似乎有望更好地理解夫妻一生中与冲突相关的过程。
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引用次数: 11
Testing the Tangible Interactive Window with Older Adults 在老年人中测试有形互动窗口
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000159
Leonardo Angelini, F. Carrino, M. Caon, Frédéric Lemaréchal, N. Couture, Omar Abou Khaled, E. Mugellini
Abstract. Social relationships are crucial for older adults’ well-being. Past research demonstrated that video-communication technology could reduce social isolation. However, most commercial telecommunication systems have interfaces that are too complex to be operated by older adults without assistance. In this paper, we present a system that exploits the tangible affordances of a physical window to provide a natural interface for an always-on video-communication system. In addition, we present a case study focused on the system accessibility and user acceptance with 8 older adults living in a retirement home. We also describe the preliminary findings based on an observation study and on a semistructured interview. Finally, we discuss the possible improvements and impact this system might have on older adults’ life.
摘要社会关系对老年人的健康至关重要。过去的研究表明,视频通信技术可以减少社会隔离。然而,大多数商业电信系统的接口过于复杂,无法由老年人在没有帮助的情况下操作。在本文中,我们提出了一个系统,该系统利用物理窗口的有形功能为始终在线的视频通信系统提供自然接口。此外,我们提出了一个案例研究集中在系统的可访问性和用户接受与8老年人生活在养老院。我们还描述了基于观察研究和半结构化访谈的初步发现。最后,我们讨论了该系统可能对老年人生活产生的改善和影响。
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引用次数: 12
Continuity in Well-Being in the Transition to Retirement 向退休过渡中幸福感的连续性
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000155
Georg Henning, M. Lindwall, B. Johansson
Abstract. We review recent longitudinal studies on change and continuity in well-being during the retirement transition. Our conclusion is that most retirees maintain their level of well-being over retirement. Some studies, however, provide evidence for a substantial heterogeneity and dynamic effects. A smaller subgroup experiences losses in resources and challenges which compromise their well-being. Various adaptive actions seem to help to cope with losses, but we still lack more detailed information about the role and effects of these coping strategies. Future longitudinal studies need to address the role of and interplay among these adaptive behaviors over the retirement transition to improve our understanding of continuity and change in postretirement well-being.
摘要我们回顾了最近的纵向研究的变化和连续性的福祉在退休过渡期间。我们的结论是,大多数退休人员在退休后都保持着他们的幸福水平。然而,一些研究提供了大量异质性和动态效应的证据。一小部分人经历了资源损失和挑战,损害了他们的福祉。各种适应行为似乎有助于应对损失,但我们仍然缺乏关于这些应对策略的作用和影响的更详细的信息。未来的纵向研究需要解决这些适应行为在退休过渡中的作用和相互作用,以提高我们对退休后幸福感的连续性和变化的理解。
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引用次数: 67
Motivation and memory: Impact of emotional content and age relevance on recall 动机与记忆:情绪内容与年龄关联对回忆的影响
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-08-31 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000153
Isabelle Tournier, Oliver Jordan, D. Ferring
Abstract. The present study investigated the compensatory impact of motivation to learn on memory performance with age. Twenty-one university undergraduate young adults (M = 22.7, SD = 2.6) and 19 community-dwelling older adults (M = 72.7, SD = 6.6) performed an emotional story memory task with an immediate and delayed recall 7 days later. The emotional content and the age relevance of the stories were manipulated to increase the motivation of older adults to learn. As postulated, results showed no age differences on the recall of positive stories, whereas the recall of negative and neutral stories was lower for older than young adults. In conclusion, motivational aspects may lead to the equivalent memory performance of young and older adults.
摘要本研究探讨了学习动机对记忆表现的代偿性影响。21名大学本科青年(M = 22.7, SD = 2.6)和19名社区老年人(M = 72.7, SD = 6.6)在7天后进行了即时和延迟回忆的情绪故事记忆任务。对故事的情感内容和年龄相关性进行了处理,以增加老年人学习的动机。正如假设的那样,结果显示积极故事的回忆没有年龄差异,而消极和中性故事的回忆在老年人中比年轻人低。综上所述,动机方面可能导致年轻人和老年人的记忆表现相当。
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引用次数: 5
Buffer against Cumulative Stress Positive Age Self-Stereotypes Predict Lower Cortisol across 30 Years 积极的年龄自我刻板印象预测30年内较低的皮质醇
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-08-31 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000149
B. Levy, S. Moffat, S. Resnick, M. Slade, L. Ferrucci
Abstract. Prolonged elevation of cortisol, the primary stress biomarker, is associated with impaired cognitive and physical health. Cortisol tends to increase in later life among most, but not all, older individuals. The current study considered whether this pattern could be explained by more-positive age stereotypes acting as a stress buffer. The 439 participants drawn from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging provided 1,789 cortisol measurements, from 24-h collections of urine, across 30 years. Among those aged 50 or greater, the cortisol of the more-negative age-stereotype group increased by 44%, whereas the more-positive age-stereotype group showed no increase. Also as expected, there was no association of age stereotypes and cortisol level among the younger participants, for whom the age stereotypes were self-irrelevant. The findings indicate the importance of considering the relationship between both positive and negative stereotypes and stress biomarkers over time.
摘要皮质醇(主要的压力生物标志物)的长期升高与认知和身体健康受损有关。在大多数(但不是全部)老年人中,皮质醇倾向于在晚年增加。目前的研究考虑了这种模式是否可以用更积极的年龄刻板印象作为压力缓冲来解释。来自巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究的439名参与者提供了1,789个皮质醇测量值,这些测量值来自30年来24小时的尿液收集。在50岁及以上的人群中,年龄刻板印象较消极组的皮质醇增加了44%,而年龄刻板印象较积极组的皮质醇则没有增加。同样,正如预期的那样,年龄刻板印象和皮质醇水平在年轻参与者中没有关联,对他们来说,年龄刻板印象是自我无关的。研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,考虑积极和消极刻板印象与压力生物标志物之间的关系是很重要的。
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引用次数: 36
Introduction to the Special Issue on “Aging and Migration in Europe” “欧洲的老龄化与移民”特刊简介
IF 1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2016-06-09 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000142
Isabelle Albert, D. Ferring, F. Lang
Aging and migration have become key issues in many European societies today, as an unprecedented number of firstgeneration immigrants of the big immigration waves of the 1960s and 1970s are currently approaching retirement age.Originally, such migration to an economically prosperous country with better job opportunities was often associated with the expectation to return to the country of origin after some years of hard work – and after having accumulated enough wealth to restart a better life “back home.” While these expectations were often held equally by the receiving societies and by the migrants, they soon emerged as the so-called “myth of return” (see e.g., Bolognani, 2007). In fact, while only a small proportion of immigrants permanently returns to their countries of origin, even after longer periods abroad (see e.g., Baykara-Krumme, 2013, for a discussion of Turkish immigrants in several European countries), a large proportion of aging immigrants intend to stay in their receiving countries after retirement or to commute between the country of origin and the host country, a trend demonstrated for various immigrant groups in several European countries (see, e.g., Attias-Donfut, Tessier, and Wolff, 2005, aswell asDeCoulon&Wolff, 2005, for international immigrants in France; Bolzmann, Fibbi, & Viol, 2006, for Italian and Spanish immigrants in Switzerland).
随着20世纪60年代和70年代大移民浪潮中数量空前的第一代移民目前接近退休年龄,老龄化和移民已成为当今许多欧洲社会的关键问题。最初,这种移民到经济繁荣的国家,有更好的工作机会,往往与期望在几年的努力工作后返回原籍国有关-在积累了足够的财富后重新开始更好的生活“回家”。虽然这些期望通常被接收社会和移民平等地持有,但它们很快就成为所谓的“回归神话”(例如,Bolognani, 2007)。事实上,尽管只有一小部分移民在国外待了较长时间后永久返回原籍国(参见Baykara-Krumme, 2013年对几个欧洲国家的土耳其移民的讨论),但很大一部分老年移民打算在退休后留在接收国,或在原籍国和东道国之间往返,这一趋势在几个欧洲国家的各种移民群体中都有体现(参见,例如:Attias-Donfut, Tessier, and Wolff, 2005,以及decoulon&wolff, 2005,关于法国的国际移民;Bolzmann, Fibbi, & Viol, 2006,针对瑞士的意大利和西班牙移民)。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry
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