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Physical Activity and Depressive Mood in the Daily Life of Older Adults 老年人日常生活中体力活动与抑郁情绪的关系
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-08-08 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000172
Andrea E. Gruenenfelder-Steiger, Marko Katana, Annika A. Martin, Damaris Aschwanden, J. Koska, Yvonne Kündig, Eliane Pfister-Lipp, Mathias Allemand
Empirical evidence suggests that physical activity is related to less depressive moods. However, little is known about this association in the everyday life of older adults, limiting the ecological validity of prior findings. This study examined within-person associations between physical activity and depressive mood in older adults across 7 days. Moreover, the study tested the extent to which need-fulfillment can explain this association. The sample consisted of 68 adults aged 65 to 93 years. Physical activity was assessed objectively with accelerometers, whereas need-fulfillment and depressive mood were assessed at the end of each day using self-reports. Results from multilevel analysis suggest that daily physical activity was negatively related to daily depressive mood within persons. Although need-fulfillment did not explain the association between physical activity and depressive mood, it was a statistically significant predictor of daily depressive mood and even attenuated the effect of physical activity on depressive mood to nonsignificance.
经验证据表明,体育活动与较少的抑郁情绪有关。然而,在老年人的日常生活中,人们对这种关联知之甚少,这限制了先前研究结果的生态有效性。这项研究调查了7天内老年人的身体活动与抑郁情绪之间的人际关系。此外,该研究测试了需求满足在多大程度上可以解释这种关联。样本包括68名年龄在65至93岁之间的成年人。使用加速度计客观评估身体活动,而在每天结束时使用自我报告评估需求满足和抑郁情绪。多层次分析结果表明,人的日常体育活动与日常抑郁情绪呈负相关。尽管需求满足并不能解释体育活动与抑郁情绪之间的关系,但它是日常抑郁情绪的一个具有统计学意义的预测因子,甚至可以将体育活动对抑郁情绪的影响减弱到无意义。
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引用次数: 8
Networks of Depression and Cognition in Elderly Psychiatric Patients 老年精神病患者的抑郁与认知网络
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-08-08 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000170
Laura N Semino, J. Marksteiner, G. Brauchle, Erik Danay
Objective: Applying the network approach to explore connections between depression and cognition in dependency on cognitive status. Methods: 264 patients from a ward for geriatric psychiatry with depressive symptoms and/or cognitive impairment were included in the study. Assessments of neuropsychological functioning (CERAD, TMT, Clock) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) were used. Results: “Hopelessness” and “loss of energy” are the most pivotal nodes in the depression network. Various connections were found when cognitive status differed. “Social withdrawal” connects depression and cognition in the noncognitively impaired group and “subjective memory complaints” and “anxiety” in the cognitively impaired group. Conclusions: Network analyses provide new insights into the complexity of associations. Practical implications for targeted clinical interventions on the connection points are discussed.
目的:应用网络方法探讨抑郁症与认知依赖关系。方法:264名来自老年精神科病房的有抑郁症状和/或认知障碍的患者被纳入研究。使用神经心理功能评估(CERAD、TMT、Clock)和抑郁症(老年抑郁症量表)。结果:“绝望”和“能量损失”是抑郁网络中最关键的节点。当认知状态不同时,会发现各种联系。“社交退缩”将非认知障碍组的抑郁和认知联系起来,而认知障碍组则将“主观记忆抱怨”和“焦虑”联系起来。结论:网络分析为关联的复杂性提供了新的见解。讨论了有针对性的临床干预在连接点上的实际意义。
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引用次数: 3
Improving Comprehension in Written Medical Informed Consent Procedures 提高对书面医疗知情同意程序的理解
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-08-08 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000169
Tanja R. Schatz, J. Haberstroh, Kerstin Bindel, F. Oswald, J. Pantel, Michael A. Paulitsch, N. Konopik, M. Knopf
Older adults are frequently required to undergo medical informed consent procedures. This study investigates the influence of four types of written language and visual support (Elaborated Plain Language, Easy-to-Read Language, Standard Version with additional picture, Easy-to-Read-Language with additional picture) on comprehension and affect, compared with the Standard Version alone. In an online survey, n = 87 younger participants aged 26–59 and n = 72 older participants aged 60–81 read a simulation of an informed consent form. Directly after reading it, we used the Understanding dimension of the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) to ask them about the information presented in the form. The results showed that, by reducing complexity and elaborating the provided information, comprehension of medical information could be improved in the older participant group. In the so-called Elaborated Plain Language groups, the results were the same for younger and older participants. This was not true for the groups that received the Standard Version, on which younger participants performed better. Variations in the language used had no influence on affect. Our conclusion is that Elaborated Plain Language can be recommended for use in medical informed consent procedures with older patients and should be taught to medical professionals.
老年人经常被要求接受医疗知情同意程序。本研究考察了四种类型的书面语言和视觉支持(阐述平实语言、易读语言、标准版附加图片、易读语言附加图片)对理解和情感的影响,并与标准版单独进行了比较。在一项在线调查中,n = 87名年龄在26-59岁之间的年轻参与者和n = 72名年龄在60-81岁之间的年长参与者阅读了一份模拟的知情同意书。在阅读完之后,我们直接使用麦克阿瑟治疗能力评估工具(MacCAT-T)的理解维度来询问他们关于表格中提供的信息。结果表明,通过降低信息的复杂性和细化所提供的信息,可以提高老年参与者对医疗信息的理解能力。在所谓的“精心设计的通俗语言组”中,年轻人和老年人的结果是一样的。而接受标准版本的小组则不是这样,年轻的参与者表现得更好。所用语言的变化对影响没有影响。我们的结论是,可以推荐在老年患者的医疗知情同意程序中使用详细的通俗语言,并应教授给医疗专业人员。
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引用次数: 9
Influence of Assessment Methods on Subjective and Objective Memory Impairment 评价方法对主观和客观记忆障碍的影响
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-05-31 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000167
Bridget Burmester, J. Leathem, P. Merrick
Evidence regarding the relationship between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and objective memory functioning remains mixed; assessment methods may underlie this inconsistency. In this study, 94 participants aged 40 and above completed two measures of SMCs (open-ended self-reports, and a questionnaire) and memory tests (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Rey Complex Figure Test). Canonical correlation analysis showed no significant associations between any measures of memory and SMCs, regardless of the assessment method employed. Possible explanations for this result and the influence of study limitations are discussed.
关于主观记忆抱怨(SMCs)与客观记忆功能之间关系的证据仍然是混合的;评估方法可能是这种不一致的基础。在本研究中,94名40岁及以上的参与者完成了两项SMCs(开放式自我报告和问卷)和记忆测试(Rey听觉言语学习测试和Rey复杂图形测试)。典型相关分析显示,无论采用何种评估方法,任何记忆测量与SMCs之间都没有显着关联。对这一结果的可能解释和研究局限性的影响进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 4
Positive Aging in Nursing Home Residents: A Salutogenic Analysis 疗养院居民积极老龄化的致敏分析
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-05-31 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000166
U. Wiesmann, M. Becker, H. Hannich
The main objective of nursing homes is to enable their residents a good life despite their existing physical, mental, and social health problems. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the mechanisms of positive aging in nursing-home residents from a salutogenic perspective. We interviewed 190 individuals (155 women) with a mean age of M = 84.3 years (SD = 7.60) and assessed selected resistance resources (subjective age, social network characteristics), the sense of coherence, and positive aging (psychological health and subjective well-being). The sense of coherence fully mediated perceived availability of social support and a younger age identification effects on positive aging. In line with salutogenic theory, it represents a superordinate concept which pools resource influences on positive aging.
养老院的主要目标是让其居民在存在身体、心理和社会健康问题的情况下过上美好的生活。在这项横断面研究中,我们从促衰老的角度探讨了疗养院居民积极衰老的机制。我们采访了190名平均年龄为M=84.3岁(SD=7.60)的个体(155名女性),并评估了所选的抵抗资源(主观年龄、社会网络特征)、连贯感和积极衰老(心理健康和主观幸福感)。连贯感完全介导了社会支持的感知可用性和对积极老龄化的年轻认同效应。根据老龄化理论,它代表了一个上级概念,汇集了资源对积极老龄化的影响。
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引用次数: 4
Conflict Avoidance in Old Age: The Role of Anticipated Loneliness 老年冲突回避:预期孤独的作用
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-05-31 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000168
Lia Oberhauser, Andreas B. Neubauer, Eva-Marie Kessler
Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs (Sheldon, 2011). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.
在成年人的一生中,避免冲突的行为越来越多。这项横断面研究将避免冲突视为调节归属需求机制的一部分(Sheldon, 2011)。我们假设,老年人在思考未来时会感受到更多对他们归属感的威胁,他们会以回避应对的方式做出预防性反应。我们建立了一个预测冲突避免的模型,包括对未来无归属感的感知,称为预期孤独,以及其他预测因素,包括社会人口统计学、主观幸福感指标和感知社会支持(N = 331, 40-87岁)。预期孤独对冲突回避的预测高于所有其他预测因子,并部分介导冲突回避的年龄相关性。结果表明,归属调节理论可以加深我们对人生后半期冲突避免的理解。
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引用次数: 10
Cross-Validation of the Newly-Normed SKT for the Detection of MCI and Dementia 新规范的SKT检测MCI和痴呆的交叉验证
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000154
J. Hessler, M. Stemmler, H. Bickel
New regression-based norms for the SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test were introduced but have not been cross-validated for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We examined 562 (59.6% female) community-dwelling persons (mean age = 75.8, SD = 5.5) at baseline and followed up with up to three annual visits. Participants were classified as being healthy, with MCI, or with dementia according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the SKT. Overall congruency between the ratings was 57.8%. The correlation between SKT and MMSE scores reached r = –0.67. Sensitivity and specificity for MCI and dementia were 0.89 and 0.60 as well as 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. The SKT detected cognitive decline at early stages but produced increased rates of false positives.
引入了基于回归的SKT短认知表现测试新规范,但尚未对轻度认知障碍(MCI)和痴呆的检测进行交叉验证。我们在基线时检查了562名社区居民(59.6%为女性)(平均年龄75.8岁,SD = 5.5),并进行了多达三次的年度随访。根据临床痴呆评分(CDR)和SKT,参与者被分为健康、轻度认知障碍或痴呆。评分之间的总体一致性为57.8%。SKT与MMSE的相关系数r = -0.67。MCI和痴呆的敏感性和特异性分别为0.89和0.60,0.83和0.84。SKT在早期阶段检测到认知能力下降,但产生假阳性率增加。
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引用次数: 7
12-Year Associations of Health with Personality in the Second Half of Life: Being versus Feeling Healthy 12年健康与后半生人格的关系:健康与感觉健康
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000162
M. Wettstein, Benjamin Tauber, H. Wahl, C. Frankenberg
We examined longitudinal associations between personality, objective (physician-rated) and self-rated health over 12 years in two German cohorts (midlife cohort, born 1950/52, nT0 = 502; late-life cohort, born 1930/32, nT0 = 500) from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (ILSE). Based on cross-lagged panel design analyses controlling for sex, education, depression, and cognitive abilities, we found that after 12 years better baseline objective health predicted lower Neuroticism and higher Agreeableness, whereas baseline Extraversion and Conscientiousness were positive predictors of later self-rated health. Our findings thus illustrate that the direction of longitudinal personality-health associations is dependent on whether objective or self-rated health is considered, whereas relations do not seem to be considerably different in midlife vs. in old age.
我们研究了来自成人发展跨学科纵向研究(ILSE)的两个德国队列(中年队列,1950/52年出生,nT0=502;晚年队列,1930/32年出生,nT0=500)中12年来人格、客观(医生评定)和自我评定健康之间的纵向关联。基于控制性、教育、抑郁和认知能力的交叉滞后面板设计分析,我们发现,12年后,更好的基线客观健康预测了较低的神经质和较高的合意性,而基线外向性和尽责性是后期自评健康的积极预测因素。因此,我们的研究结果表明,纵向人格健康关联的方向取决于是否考虑客观或自我评价的健康,而中年与老年的关系似乎没有太大区别。
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引用次数: 11
Cognitive Performance in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia Across the Lifespan 慢性精神分裂症患者一生的认知表现
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000164
Christina J. Herold, L. Schmid, M. Lässer, U. Seidl, J. Schröder
Chronic schizophrenia involves neuropsychological deficits that primarily strike executive functions and episodic memory. Our study investigated these deficits throughout the lifespan in patients with chronic schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Important neuropsychological functions were tested in 94 patients and 66 healthy controls, who were assigned to three age groups. Compared with the healthy controls, patients performed significantly poorer on all tests applied. Significant age effects occurred on all tests except the digit span forward, with older subjects scoring well below the younger ones. With respect to cognitive flexibility, age effects were more pronounced in the patients. These findings underline the importance of cognitive deficits in chronic schizophrenia and indicate that diminished cognitive flexibility shows age-associated differences.
慢性精神分裂症涉及主要影响执行功能和情景记忆的神经心理缺陷。我们的研究在慢性精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的整个生命周期中调查了这些缺陷。研究人员对94名患者和66名健康对照者进行了重要的神经心理功能测试,他们被分为三个年龄组。与健康对照组相比,患者在所有测试中的表现都明显较差。年龄在所有测试中都有显著的影响,除了向前的手指跨度,年长的受试者得分远低于年轻的受试者。在认知灵活性方面,年龄的影响在患者中更为明显。这些发现强调了慢性精神分裂症认知缺陷的重要性,并表明认知灵活性的降低显示出与年龄相关的差异。
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引用次数: 15
Routine Data Indicators of Treatment for Dementia and Old-Age Depression 痴呆症和老年抑郁症治疗的常规数据指标
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000163
F. Godemann, C. Wolff-Menzler, M. Löhr, H. Wiegand
Complications in the course of dementia are one of the leading reasons for treatment in German psychiatric hospitals. One way to assess treatment quality with a moderate effort is to analyze existing routine data. A large routine dataset exists for psychiatric hospitals in Germany. This work reports on the indicators of inpatient treatment of patients with dementia and compares them to those found with old-age depression. Among other results it was shown that no specific dementia diagnosis was defined in more than 15% of all cases, and that the readmission rate within 30 days was more than 25%. Depressed people, on the other hand, showed lower readmission rates: They got more specific diagnoses and more therapeutic contacts. In conclusion, several aspects of diagnosis and treatment demand improvement among patients with dementia.
痴呆症过程中的并发症是德国精神病院治疗的主要原因之一。用适度的努力评估治疗质量的一种方法是分析现有的常规数据。德国有一个大型的精神病医院常规数据集。这项工作报告了痴呆症患者住院治疗的指标,并将其与老年抑郁症患者进行了比较。在其他结果中,超过15%的病例没有明确的痴呆症诊断,30天内的再次入院率超过25%。另一方面,抑郁症患者的再次入院率较低:他们得到了更具体的诊断和更多的治疗接触。总之,痴呆症患者在诊断和治疗的几个方面都需要改进。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry
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