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Using the CALTAP lifespan developmental framework with older adults 使用CALTAP寿命发展框架与老年人
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2015-06-03 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000126
N. Pachana, L. Mitchell, B. Knight
Conceptualizations of psychological assessment and therapy with older adults rarely refer to more generalist lifespan developmental theories. Yet such frameworks can greatly assist experienced practitioners as well as trainees and those who may be new to seeing older clients to orient themselves to specific issues and concerns of this age group. The Contextual Adult Lifespan Theory for Adapting Psychotherapy (CALTAP) model was developed as a way of both understanding clients from a lifespan perspective and adapting psychotherapy to their needs (Knight & Poon, 2008). The CALTAP themes of developmental aging, social context, cohort differences, and cultural issues can inform and guide discussions regarding psychotherapy as was its original intent, but are also relevant for assessment purposes. In this paper we address how CALTAP can inform assessment as well as psychotherapy by practitioners. Moreover, we detail how the model may be used to prompt self-reflection by clients and psychologists alike.
对老年人的心理评估和治疗的概念化很少涉及更全面的寿命发展理论。然而,这样的框架可以极大地帮助有经验的从业人员、受训人员和那些可能刚刚看到老年客户的人,使他们自己适应这个年龄组的具体问题和关注。适应性心理治疗的情境成人寿命理论(CALTAP)模型是作为一种从寿命角度理解来访者和使心理治疗适应他们需求的方式而发展起来的(Knight & Poon, 2008)。CALTAP的主题是发育老化、社会背景、群体差异和文化问题,这些主题可以告知和指导关于心理治疗的讨论,就像它的初衷一样,但也与评估目的相关。在本文中,我们讨论了CALTAP如何为从业人员的评估和心理治疗提供信息。此外,我们详细说明了该模型如何用于促使客户和心理学家进行自我反思。
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引用次数: 5
Dispositional and Situational Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults 年轻人和老年人的性格和情境情绪调节
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2015-05-21 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000171
Matthias Hofer, Mathias Allemand
Younger and older adults (N = 207) viewed a film scene eliciting strong negative emotions and then indicated how they had regulated their emotions. Dispositional emotion regulation was measured prior to stimulus presentation. Older adults showed higher levels of dispositional suppression than younger adults. Furthermore, individual differences in dispositional expressive suppression were predictive of reappraisal and suppression in the given situation. However, dispositional suppression was more strongly related to situational suppression among older adults than among younger adults. Future directions concerning the importance of and possible implications for age differences in coping with stressful situations are discussed.
年轻人和老年人(N = 207)观看了一个引发强烈负面情绪的电影场景,然后表明他们是如何调节自己的情绪的。在刺激呈现前测量性格情绪调节。老年人表现出比年轻人更高的性格抑制水平。此外,性格表达抑制的个体差异可预测特定情境下的重评和抑制。然而,与年轻人相比,老年人的性格抑制与情境抑制的相关性更强。未来的方向有关的重要性和可能的影响年龄差异在应对压力的情况下进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Effect of the Matter of Balance Program on Balance Confidence in Older Adults 平衡感项目对老年人平衡感信心的影响
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2015-03-21 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000121
Jeffrey L. Alexander, C. Sartor-Glittenberg, Elton Bordenave, Lori M Bordenave
Abstract. This pre/posttest study investigated the effect of A Matter of Balance: Managing Concerns about Falls (MOB) on balance confidence in older adults. MOB is an evidence-based program designed to decrease fear of falling and increase activity in older adults. Thirty-three participants completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) pre- and postprogram. Significant differences were found for 3 items: reach for small can off a shelf at eye level (p = .006), walk outside the house to a car parked in the driveway (p = .028), and walk outside on icy sidewalks (p = .009); and for total ABC scores (p = .024). The findings support the efficacy of MOB for increasing balance confidence through a combination of education and exercise.
摘要本前/后测试研究调查了平衡问题:管理跌倒的担忧(MOB)对老年人平衡信心的影响。MOB是一个以证据为基础的项目,旨在减少老年人对跌倒的恐惧,增加老年人的活动。33名参与者在计划前后完成了特定活动平衡信心量表(ABC)。在3个项目上发现了显著的差异:从货架上取下小罐(p = 0.006),走出家门到停在车道上的汽车旁(p = 0.028),走在外面结冰的人行道上(p = 0.009);以及ABC总分(p = 0.024)。研究结果支持MOB通过教育和锻炼相结合来提高平衡信心的功效。
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引用次数: 11
Time Series Analysis of Individual Music Therapy in Dementia 个体音乐治疗痴呆的时间序列分析
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000123
A. Schall, J. Haberstroh, J. Pantel
Abstract. This pilot study evaluated the effects of individual music therapy on communication behavior and emotional well-being in persons with advanced dementia. Contrary to more common qualitative designs in dementia-related music therapy research, we used time series analysis of videographed music therapy sessions. This quantitative statistical method for modeling and explaining time-dependent processual data has not been employed in this research area before. Based on aggregated time series data, the results showed positive and statistically significant intervention effects on participants’ communication behavior, situational well-being, and their expression of positive emotions. The study results indicate that, by choosing appropriate outcomes, video-based time series analysis is sensitive and well suited to displaying the effects of music therapy in dementia care.
摘要本初步研究评估个人音乐治疗对晚期痴呆症患者沟通行为和情绪健康的影响。与痴呆相关的音乐治疗研究中更常见的定性设计相反,我们对录制的音乐治疗过程进行了时间序列分析。这种用于建模和解释随时间变化的过程数据的定量统计方法在这一研究领域之前尚未被采用。综合时间序列数据显示,干预对被试的沟通行为、情境幸福感和积极情绪表达均有显著的正向影响。研究结果表明,通过选择适当的结果,基于视频的时间序列分析是敏感的,非常适合显示音乐治疗在痴呆症护理中的效果。
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引用次数: 26
Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents 三明治一代照顾失智父母的压力影响测量
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000114
L. Solberg, Lauren B Solberg, E. Peterson
Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.
照顾者的压力可能会影响接受医疗保健的人。我们研究了45位老年痴呆父母的成年照顾者所经历的压力的影响。参与者完成了一份包含32个项目的问卷,内容是关于经历压力的影响。问卷还询问了可能有助于减少压力影响的干预措施。经过探索性因子分析,我们将32项问卷缩减为13项。结果表明,照顾者经历了压力、焦虑和悲伤。此外,在情感上,而不是经济或职业上,幸福感受到了显著影响。照顾者压力对三明治一代和非三明治一代成员的影响无显著差异。与社会工作者会面以获取可用资源,被认为是应对压力影响的潜在有效干预措施。
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引用次数: 16
Commitment and Dyadic Coping in Long-Term Relationships 长期关系中的承诺和二元应对
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000112
M. Landis, G. Bodenmann, T. Bradbury, V. Brandstätter, Melanie Peter-Wight, S. Backes, Dorothee Sutter-Stickel, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck
Background: Previous research focused on relationship commitment as the outcome of high satisfaction, poor alternatives, and high investments. We propose that commitment is a prerequisite in highly satisfied couples, fostering relationship maintenance behavior such as positive dyadic coping. Method: Structural equation models identified the relationship between commitment, relationship satisfaction, and dyadic coping with data from 201 heterosexual couples with an average relationship length of 34 years. Results: The common fate model confirmed that relationship satisfaction mediated the effects between commitment and dyadic coping on a latent dyadic level. Additional analyses revealed that women’s satisfaction was mainly responsible for mediating effects between both partners’ commitment and dyadic coping. Conclusions: Findings support the essentiality of commitment for couples’ maintenance strategies and for consistency in long-term relationships.
背景:以往的研究主要关注关系承诺是高满意度、低选择和高投入的结果。我们提出,承诺是高满意度夫妻的先决条件,促进了积极的二元应对等关系维护行为。方法:采用结构方程模型对201对平均恋爱34年的异性恋夫妇的承诺、关系满意度和二元应对之间的关系进行分析。结果:共同命运模型证实了关系满意度在潜在的二元水平上介导了承诺与二元应对的关系。进一步分析表明,女性满意度在双方承诺与二元应对之间起主要中介作用。结论:研究结果支持承诺对夫妻维持策略和长期关系一致性的重要性。
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引用次数: 24
The effects of processing speed and memory span on working memory 加工速度和记忆广度对工作记忆的影响
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2014-09-02 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000109
Mitsunobu Kunimi, Kojima Haruyuki
This study examined the processing speed and memory span of young adults and older people using tasks based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III, Wechsler, 1997). By comparing the data obtained from these tasks, we examined the effects of processing speed and memory span on working memory (WM). In addition, this study examined how presentation modality and the subject’s age are related to WM. Multiple regression analysis of the effect of memory span for each presentation modality used processing time as a factor to predict the WM span of various age groups. The result was two equations for predicting WM span. According to these equations, WM is negatively correlated with “age group” and “processing time,” and positively correlated with “memory span.” Memory span and processing speed were found to have similar impacts on WM, regardless of the presentation modality. However, our results suggested that visual WM and auditory WM are different functions, and that auditory WM is more strongly ...
本研究以韦氏成人智力量表iii (WAIS-III,韦氏,1997)为基础,考察了年轻人和老年人使用任务的处理速度和记忆广度。通过比较这些任务的数据,我们研究了处理速度和记忆广度对工作记忆的影响。此外,本研究还探讨了呈现方式和受试者年龄与WM的关系。多元回归分析以加工时间为因素预测不同年龄组的记忆广度。结果得到两个预测WM跨度的方程。根据这些方程,WM与“年龄组”和“处理时间”负相关,与“记忆广度”正相关。无论呈现方式如何,记忆广度和处理速度都对WM有相似的影响。然而,我们的研究结果表明,视觉WM和听觉WM是不同的功能,听觉WM更强。
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引用次数: 2
Attachment and Psychological Health in Older Couples Coping with Pain. 老年夫妻应对疼痛的依恋与心理健康。
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000110
Joan K Monin, Lu Zhou, Trace Kershaw

Attachment theory is useful for understanding how couples cope with stress across the lifespan. This study used the the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to examine the extent to which attachment related to one's own (actor effect) and one's partner's (partner effect) depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction among older, married couples with a musculoskeletal condition. Pain and support were also examined as mediators. A group of 77 couples completed self-report measures as part of a larger study in which support was manipulated. Results revealed that, when one or both partners were insecurely attached, both partners reported greater depressive symptoms and lower satisfaction; however, pain and support were not significant mediators. Findings have implications for targeted, dyadic interventions to improve psychological health of couples coping with pain.

依恋理论有助于理解夫妻在一生中如何应对压力。本研究使用演员伴侣相互依赖模型来检验患有肌肉骨骼疾病的老年已婚夫妇的依恋与自己(演员效应)和伴侣(伴侣效应)抑郁症状和婚姻满意度的关系程度。疼痛和支持也被检查为中介。一组77对夫妇完成了自我报告测试,这是一项更大的研究的一部分,在这项研究中,支持是被操纵的。结果显示,当伴侣一方或双方都是不安全依恋时,双方都报告了更大的抑郁症状和更低的满意度;然而,疼痛和支持并不是显著的中介。研究结果对有针对性的双重干预有启示,以改善夫妻应对疼痛的心理健康。
{"title":"Attachment and Psychological Health in Older Couples Coping with Pain.","authors":"Joan K Monin,&nbsp;Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Trace Kershaw","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/a000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment theory is useful for understanding how couples cope with stress across the lifespan. This study used the the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to examine the extent to which attachment related to one's own (actor effect) and one's partner's (partner effect) depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction among older, married couples with a musculoskeletal condition. Pain and support were also examined as mediators. A group of 77 couples completed self-report measures as part of a larger study in which support was manipulated. Results revealed that, when one or both partners were insecurely attached, both partners reported greater depressive symptoms and lower satisfaction; however, pain and support were not significant mediators. Findings have implications for targeted, dyadic interventions to improve psychological health of couples coping with pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920267/pdf/nihms706673.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34612882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Optimism and Planning for Future Care Needs among Older Adults. 老年人对未来护理需求的乐观态度和规划。
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000099
Silvia Sörensen, Jameson K Hirsch, Jeffrey M Lyness

Aging is associated with an increase in need for assistance. Preparation for future care (PFC) is related to improved coping ability as well as better mental and physical health outcomes among older adults. We examined the association of optimism with components of PFC among older adults. We also explored race differences in the relationship between optimism and PFC. In Study 1, multiple regression showed that optimism was positively related to concrete planning. In Study 2, optimism was related to gathering information. An exploratory analysis combining the samples yielded a race interaction: For Whites higher optimism, but for Blacks lower optimism was associated with more planning. High optimism may be a barrier to future planning in certain social and cultural contexts.

老龄化与对援助需求的增加有关。为未来护理做准备(PFC)与老年人应对能力的提高以及更好的心理和身体健康结果有关。我们研究了乐观情绪与老年人PFC成分的关系。在研究1中,多元回归结果显示,乐观主义与具体计划呈正相关。在研究2中,乐观与收集信息有关。一项结合样本的探索性分析得出了种族间的相互作用:对于白人来说,乐观程度越高,但对于黑人来说,乐观程度越低,计划越多。在某些社会和文化背景下,高度乐观可能成为未来规划的障碍。
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引用次数: 26
Cognitive Inconsistency and Practice-Related Learning in Older Adults. 老年人认知不一致与实践相关学习。
IF 1 Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000096
Joseph M Dzierzewski, Michael Marsiske, Adrienne Aiken Morgan, Mathew P Buman, Peter R Giacobbi, Beverly Roberts, Christina S McCrae

The current study examined predictors of individual differences in the magnitude of practice-related improvements achieved by 87 older adults (meanage 63.52 years) over 18-weeks of cognitive practice. Cognitive inconsistency in both baseline trial-to-trial reaction times and week-to-week accuracy scores was included as predictors of practice-related gains in two measures of processing speed. Conditional growth models revealed that both reaction time and accuracy level and rate-of-change in functioning were related to inconsistency, even after controlling for mean-level, but that increased inconsistency was negatively associated with accuracy versus positively associated with reaction time improvement. Cognitive inconsistency may signal dysregulation in the ability to control cognitive performance or may be indicative of adaptive attempts at functioning.

目前的研究检查了87名老年人(平均63.52岁)在18周的认知练习中取得的与练习相关的改善程度的个体差异的预测因素。基线试验对试验反应时间和周对周准确度得分的认知不一致性被包括在两个处理速度测量中作为练习相关收益的预测因子。条件增长模型显示,即使在控制了平均水平之后,反应时间、准确性水平和功能变化率都与不一致性相关,但不一致性的增加与准确性呈负相关,而与反应时间的改善呈正相关。认知不一致可能是控制认知表现能力失调的信号,也可能是对功能的适应性尝试的指示。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry
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