Pub Date : 2013-08-23DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000094
Christina Röcke, Annette Brose
Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.
{"title":"Intraindividual variability and stability of affect and well-being: Short-term and long-term change and stabilization processes.","authors":"Christina Röcke, Annette Brose","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000094","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57227066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-23DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000093
Kevin J. Grimm, Laura Castro-Schilo, Pega Davoudzadeh
Three central goals of longitudinal research are the modeling of intraindividual change, the examination of interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and the evaluation of determinants of intraindividual change (Baltes & Nesselroade, 1979). The latent growth model is a commonly fit statistical model to examine these goals. However, the latent growth model has difficulty in this examination when change trajectories are nonlinear with respect to time and multiple latent variables impact intraindividual change. We consider a latent growth modeling approach based upon latent change scores (McArdle, 2001, 2009), which yields information related to these goals of longitudinal research when change trajectories are nonlinear. We illustrate this approach with longitudinal data from the Berkeley Guidance Study regarding lifespan changes in verbal ability.
{"title":"Modeling Intraindividual Change in Nonlinear Growth Models with Latent Change Scores","authors":"Kevin J. Grimm, Laura Castro-Schilo, Pega Davoudzadeh","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000093","url":null,"abstract":"Three central goals of longitudinal research are the modeling of intraindividual change, the examination of interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and the evaluation of determinants of intraindividual change (Baltes & Nesselroade, 1979). The latent growth model is a commonly fit statistical model to examine these goals. However, the latent growth model has difficulty in this examination when change trajectories are nonlinear with respect to time and multiple latent variables impact intraindividual change. We consider a latent growth modeling approach based upon latent change scores (McArdle, 2001, 2009), which yields information related to these goals of longitudinal research when change trajectories are nonlinear. We illustrate this approach with longitudinal data from the Berkeley Guidance Study regarding lifespan changes in verbal ability.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57227030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000084
T. Kolling, J. Haberstroh, R. Kaspar, J. Pantel, F. Oswald, M. Knopf
Global aging, particularly in Japan and Europe, an associated shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, and a general preference for living at home, have all sparked an interest in the possibilities offered by robot therapy in improving quality of life. To date, however, both evidence-based research and psychological theory building on whether, and if so how and why, robots can influence the life of the elderly are rather sparse and scattered across many scientific disciplines and countries. The present paper argues in favor of a psychological, cross-cultural framework for evidence-based analyses of emotional robots. Against the background of this framework, we present building blocks for an evidence-based approach to the assessment of emotional robots and discuss interactions between evidence- and deployment-based research.
{"title":"Evidence and deployment-based research into care for the elderly using emotional robots: Psychological, methodological and cross-cultural facets.","authors":"T. Kolling, J. Haberstroh, R. Kaspar, J. Pantel, F. Oswald, M. Knopf","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000084","url":null,"abstract":"Global aging, particularly in Japan and Europe, an associated shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, and a general preference for living at home, have all sparked an interest in the possibilities offered by robot therapy in improving quality of life. To date, however, both evidence-based research and psychological theory building on whether, and if so how and why, robots can influence the life of the elderly are rather sparse and scattered across many scientific disciplines and countries. The present paper argues in favor of a psychological, cross-cultural framework for evidence-based analyses of emotional robots. Against the background of this framework, we present building blocks for an evidence-based approach to the assessment of emotional robots and discuss interactions between evidence- and deployment-based research.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000086
P. Marti, Jelle Stienstra
As intelligent support systems move into the world of elder care and independent living, their behavior becomes a prominent aspect in the lives of people, raising the question of how to design for such systems addressing older people in a respectful manner. We provide a phenomenology-inspired design perspective on emotional and social robotics in elder care pivoting on the uniqueness and respect for older people’s perceptual-motor, cognitive, emotional, and social skills. Our approach aims at achieving an empathic relationship between the older person and the system by providing continuous, expressive opportunities to allow interaction and meaning to emerge. We illustrate our research-through-design approach with several scenarios and conclude this paper reporting the interview of an older person who experimented with early prototypes of the robotic system.
{"title":"Exploring empathy in interaction : scenarios of respectful robotics","authors":"P. Marti, Jelle Stienstra","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000086","url":null,"abstract":"As intelligent support systems move into the world of elder care and independent living, their behavior becomes a prominent aspect in the lives of people, raising the question of how to design for such systems addressing older people in a respectful manner. We provide a phenomenology-inspired design perspective on emotional and social robotics in elder care pivoting on the uniqueness and respect for older people’s perceptual-motor, cognitive, emotional, and social skills. Our approach aims at achieving an empathic relationship between the older person and the system by providing continuous, expressive opportunities to allow interaction and meaning to emerge. We illustrate our research-through-design approach with several scenarios and conclude this paper reporting the interview of an older person who experimented with early prototypes of the robotic system.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000087
Roger Bemelmans, G. Gelderblom, Nadine Spierts, P. Jonker, L. Witte
Social robots are more and more coming to be seen as having great potential for long-term care. However, the actual application of social robots in the provision of daily care depends on demonstrated added value of such systems. The availability of a technical system as such is insufficient for achieving added value. Rather, care interventions need to be defined in terms of the goal, target group, environment, and how care staff should act to pursue effective application of a robot system. For the seal robot Paro three such interventions have been developed in collaboration with psychogeriatric care professionals. These interventions also outline the application of Paro in care for a subsequent effectiveness study.
{"title":"Development of Robot Interventions for Intramural Psychogeriatric Care","authors":"Roger Bemelmans, G. Gelderblom, Nadine Spierts, P. Jonker, L. Witte","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000087","url":null,"abstract":"Social robots are more and more coming to be seen as having great potential for long-term care. However, the actual application of social robots in the provision of daily care depends on demonstrated added value of such systems. The availability of a technical system as such is insufficient for achieving added value. Rather, care interventions need to be defined in terms of the goal, target group, environment, and how care staff should act to pursue effective application of a robot system. For the seal robot Paro three such interventions have been developed in collaboration with psychogeriatric care professionals. These interventions also outline the application of Paro in care for a subsequent effectiveness study.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57227017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000078
Stefan Agrigoroaei, Shevaun D Neupert, Margie E Lachman
We considered the functional role of control beliefs for cognitive performance by focusing on patterns of stability across multiple trials increasing in level of difficulty. We assessed 56 adults aged 18-88 on working memory tasks. We examined stability vs. lability (intraindividual variability, IIV) in control beliefs and the relationships with anxiety, distraction, and performance. Age was positively associated with IIV in control and performance, and IIV increased with task difficulty. Those maintaining stable control beliefs had better performance, and showed less anxiety and distraction. Those with lower stability and less control showed steeper declines in performance and increases in distraction. The findings suggest that stability of control beliefs may serve a protective function in the context of cognitively challenging tasks.
{"title":"Maintaining a Sense of Control in the Context of Cognitive Challenge: Greater Stability in Control Beliefs Benefits Working Memory.","authors":"Stefan Agrigoroaei, Shevaun D Neupert, Margie E Lachman","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/a000078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We considered the functional role of control beliefs for cognitive performance by focusing on patterns of stability across multiple trials increasing in level of difficulty. We assessed 56 adults aged 18-88 on working memory tasks. We examined stability vs. lability (intraindividual variability, IIV) in control beliefs and the relationships with anxiety, distraction, and performance. Age was positively associated with IIV in control and performance, and IIV increased with task difficulty. Those maintaining stable control beliefs had better performance, and showed less anxiety and distraction. Those with lower stability and less control showed steeper declines in performance and increases in distraction. The findings suggest that stability of control beliefs may serve a protective function in the context of cognitively challenging tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670199/pdf/nihms-449449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31580810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-27DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000080
Mathias Allemand, Andrea E. Steiger, P. Hill
Stability represents a fundamental concept in developmental theory and research. In this article we give an overview of recent work on personality traits and their stability in adulthood. First, we define personality traits and stability. Second, we present empirical evidence supporting change and stability of personality traits across the adult years with respect to conceptually and statistically different forms of stability. Third, we describe mechanisms and processes that enable trait stability. Finally, we discuss implications of trait stability for theory, research, and application.
{"title":"Stability of Personality Traits in Adulthood","authors":"Mathias Allemand, Andrea E. Steiger, P. Hill","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000080","url":null,"abstract":"Stability represents a fundamental concept in developmental theory and research. In this article we give an overview of recent work on personality traits and their stability in adulthood. First, we define personality traits and stability. Second, we present empirical evidence supporting change and stability of personality traits across the adult years with respect to conceptually and statistically different forms of stability. Third, we describe mechanisms and processes that enable trait stability. Finally, we discuss implications of trait stability for theory, research, and application.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-27DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000079
O. Schilling, H. Wahl, Ortrun Reidick
This study applied a growth mixture approach to intraindividual trajectories of depressive symptoms in advanced old age. Data from 124 elders born 1912–1922, repeatedly assessed on five occasions between 2009–2012, revealed three prototypical patterns: (1) stably low depressive symptoms (expected frequency 28%), (2) stability at major depression level (29%), (3) increase from low to high depressive symptoms (43%). The links of each pattern with functional ability, handgrip strength, and visual acuity were analyzed. High baseline levels of functional abilities and visual acuity, and concurrent stability of functional abilities increased the probability of the “stably low” pattern, but none predicted the increase pattern. We conclude that focus on diverse intraindividual change patterns adds to the understanding of depression in advanced old age.
{"title":"Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Advanced Old Age","authors":"O. Schilling, H. Wahl, Ortrun Reidick","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000079","url":null,"abstract":"This study applied a growth mixture approach to intraindividual trajectories of depressive symptoms in advanced old age. Data from 124 elders born 1912–1922, repeatedly assessed on five occasions between 2009–2012, revealed three prototypical patterns: (1) stably low depressive symptoms (expected frequency 28%), (2) stability at major depression level (29%), (3) increase from low to high depressive symptoms (43%). The links of each pattern with functional ability, handgrip strength, and visual acuity were analyzed. High baseline levels of functional abilities and visual acuity, and concurrent stability of functional abilities increased the probability of the “stably low” pattern, but none predicted the increase pattern. We conclude that focus on diverse intraindividual change patterns adds to the understanding of depression in advanced old age.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-27DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000076
K. Ajrouch, S. Abdulrahim, T. Antonucci
This paper documents experiences of stress among people 18+ (N = 500) in Beirut, Lebanon. We investigate the extent to which social relations function as a stabilizing factor for psychological health. Regression analyses indicate a curvilinear link between stress and psychological health. Both low and high levels of stress predict higher depressive symptoms. Among those aged 18–39 years, there is no buffering effect of social relations yet for those aged 40–59 years positive support quality buffers the effect of stress on depressive symptoms. Among those 60+ years old, negative support quality buffers the effect of stress on depressive symptoms. The function of social relations varies both in its main and buffering effects at different points in the life course.
{"title":"Stress, social relations, and psychological health over the life course","authors":"K. Ajrouch, S. Abdulrahim, T. Antonucci","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents experiences of stress among people 18+ (N = 500) in Beirut, Lebanon. We investigate the extent to which social relations function as a stabilizing factor for psychological health. Regression analyses indicate a curvilinear link between stress and psychological health. Both low and high levels of stress predict higher depressive symptoms. Among those aged 18–39 years, there is no buffering effect of social relations yet for those aged 40–59 years positive support quality buffers the effect of stress on depressive symptoms. Among those 60+ years old, negative support quality buffers the effect of stress on depressive symptoms. The function of social relations varies both in its main and buffering effects at different points in the life course.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57226860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/A000102
Pär Bjälkebring, D. Västfjäll, B. Johansson
Regret and regret regulation were studied using a weeklong web-based diary method. 108 participants aged 19 to 89 years reported regret for a decision made and a decision to be made. They also reported the extent to which they used strategies to prevent or regulate decision regret. Older adults reported both less experienced and anticipated regret compared to younger adults. The lower level of experienced regret in older adults was mediated by reappraisal of the decision. The lower level of anticipated regret was mediated by delaying the decision, and expecting regret in older adults. It is suggested that the lower level of regret observed in older adults is partly explained by regret prevention and regulation strategies.
{"title":"Regulation of Experienced and Anticipated Regret for Daily Decisions in Younger and Older Adults in a Swedish One-Week Diary Study","authors":"Pär Bjälkebring, D. Västfjäll, B. Johansson","doi":"10.1024/1662-9647/A000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/A000102","url":null,"abstract":"Regret and regret regulation were studied using a weeklong web-based diary method. 108 participants aged 19 to 89 years reported regret for a decision made and a decision to be made. They also reported the extent to which they used strategies to prevent or regulate decision regret. Older adults reported both less experienced and anticipated regret compared to younger adults. The lower level of experienced regret in older adults was mediated by reappraisal of the decision. The lower level of anticipated regret was mediated by delaying the decision, and expecting regret in older adults. It is suggested that the lower level of regret observed in older adults is partly explained by regret prevention and regulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":45525,"journal":{"name":"GeroPsych-The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57227079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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