Pub Date : 2020-05-27DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1765669
Verena Telkmann
ABSTRACT Despite the increasing digitisation, traditional media remains relevant. However, the importance of non-linear media is steadily growing. Thus, media companies face the challenge to target fragmented audiences by distributing content across different channels. By systematically reviewing existing research, this article identifies relevant determinants influencing broadcasters’ programming and content distribution decisions. In total, 103 articles were identified and reviewed. Based on underlying factors derived from programming and content distribution theories significant and important factors were extracted from the articles. The review (at hand) shows: decisions of broadcasting companies to distribute their content via multiple channels are influenced by many different factors. From a research perspective, the most relevant factors are the consumer demand, the revenue, the competitive environment and the attraction of an increasingly fragmented audience.
{"title":"Broadcasters’ content distribution and programming decisions in multi-channel environments: a literature review","authors":"Verena Telkmann","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1765669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1765669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the increasing digitisation, traditional media remains relevant. However, the importance of non-linear media is steadily growing. Thus, media companies face the challenge to target fragmented audiences by distributing content across different channels. By systematically reviewing existing research, this article identifies relevant determinants influencing broadcasters’ programming and content distribution decisions. In total, 103 articles were identified and reviewed. Based on underlying factors derived from programming and content distribution theories significant and important factors were extracted from the articles. The review (at hand) shows: decisions of broadcasting companies to distribute their content via multiple channels are influenced by many different factors. From a research perspective, the most relevant factors are the consumer demand, the revenue, the competitive environment and the attraction of an increasingly fragmented audience.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"106 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2020.1765669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48164846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1768637
Anthony Palomba
ABSTRACT Presence is linked to the relationship between consumers‘ sought after uses and gratifications to ultimately gain media consumption experiences. As consumers pursue uses and gratifications from video game play, they may seek out media consumption experiences that engage their senses and bodily responses, thus resulting in a collection of experiences with a select video game brand, such as Assassin’s Creed, and potential solidification of brand loyalty towards a select video game brand. Hence, this study was interested in (a) uses and gratifications particular to high brand loyalty consumers (referred to as HBL consumers), (b) how HBL consumers’ media consumption experiences are impacted by brand personality traits of video games, and (c) their virtual parasocial relationships with virtual characters and environments.
{"title":"How high brand loyalty consumers achieve relationships with virtual worlds and its elements through presence","authors":"Anthony Palomba","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1768637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1768637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Presence is linked to the relationship between consumers‘ sought after uses and gratifications to ultimately gain media consumption experiences. As consumers pursue uses and gratifications from video game play, they may seek out media consumption experiences that engage their senses and bodily responses, thus resulting in a collection of experiences with a select video game brand, such as Assassin’s Creed, and potential solidification of brand loyalty towards a select video game brand. Hence, this study was interested in (a) uses and gratifications particular to high brand loyalty consumers (referred to as HBL consumers), (b) how HBL consumers’ media consumption experiences are impacted by brand personality traits of video games, and (c) their virtual parasocial relationships with virtual characters and environments.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"243 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2020.1768637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1699764
Juliane A. Lischka
ABSTRACT The negotiation of competing institutional logics is relevant for organisations active in multi-institutional domains. News organisations are active in the domains of democracy and business, and, through digitisation, they are active in the digital technology domain. This article describes how journalism negotiates competing logics of these domains, i.e. professional, market, managerial, and technology (tech) logics. Analysing n = 744 individual NiemanLab Predictions for Journalism from 2014 to 2019, findings indicate that journalism aggregates and integrates competing logics in a fluid way, keeping synergies across logics and plurality of logics high. The field of journalism is shaped by the competition of four logics: While tech logics induce changes in professional, market, and managerial logics, professional logics remain the dominant moral compass for journalists.
{"title":"Fluid institutional logics in digital journalism","authors":"Juliane A. Lischka","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2019.1699764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2019.1699764","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The negotiation of competing institutional logics is relevant for organisations active in multi-institutional domains. News organisations are active in the domains of democracy and business, and, through digitisation, they are active in the digital technology domain. This article describes how journalism negotiates competing logics of these domains, i.e. professional, market, managerial, and technology (tech) logics. Analysing n = 744 individual NiemanLab Predictions for Journalism from 2014 to 2019, findings indicate that journalism aggregates and integrates competing logics in a fluid way, keeping synergies across logics and plurality of logics high. The field of journalism is shaped by the competition of four logics: While tech logics induce changes in professional, market, and managerial logics, professional logics remain the dominant moral compass for journalists.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"113 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2019.1699764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1689767
S. Horst, Rita Järventie-Thesleff, F. Pérez-Latre
ABSTRACT The use of digital media enables entrepreneurs to develop their startups in strategic manner. However, how entrepreneurs develop their identity through digital media is currently underexplored. Therefore, our focus is on how entrepreneurs describe and reflect on their communication with their audiences over digital media and, in turn, how that shapes their becoming as entrepreneurs. Our empirical data consists of 29 qualitative interviews and close observations in the start-up incubator neudeli at the Bauhaus-University Weimar. Through our analysis we show how the practice of strategic sparring and the practice of brand co-creation facilitate the development towards three alternative identity types, which are “solution-driven”, “purpose-driven” and “lifestyle-driven” identity. Ultimately, our study highlights how media management can be seen as a practice of self through communication over digital media.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial identity development through digital media","authors":"S. Horst, Rita Järventie-Thesleff, F. Pérez-Latre","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2019.1689767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2019.1689767","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of digital media enables entrepreneurs to develop their startups in strategic manner. However, how entrepreneurs develop their identity through digital media is currently underexplored. Therefore, our focus is on how entrepreneurs describe and reflect on their communication with their audiences over digital media and, in turn, how that shapes their becoming as entrepreneurs. Our empirical data consists of 29 qualitative interviews and close observations in the start-up incubator neudeli at the Bauhaus-University Weimar. Through our analysis we show how the practice of strategic sparring and the practice of brand co-creation facilitate the development towards three alternative identity types, which are “solution-driven”, “purpose-driven” and “lifestyle-driven” identity. Ultimately, our study highlights how media management can be seen as a practice of self through communication over digital media.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"112 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2019.1689767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1701363
M. Fudurić, E. Malthouse, Mi Hyun Lee
ABSTRACT Over the years over-the-top (OTT) platforms such as Netflix and Hulu have attracted a lot of customers and caused serious disruptions in the media and advertising industry. This paper examines the underlying cause of such a disruption by using big data from one of the leading multi-system operators (MSO) in the US, which provides cable TV, phone and Internet services to multiple communities. More specifically, the dataset allows us to model the behaviour of 267,276 unique households, who collectively watched 270,718 unique programs and examine the effects of online video consumption, different genres, and use of additional cable services on cord shaving. The findings suggest the most important predictors of cord shaving are video on demand and time spent watching different genres, especially live sports and news. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of the research for content distributors, content providers, and advertisers.
{"title":"Understanding the drivers of cable TV cord shaving with big data","authors":"M. Fudurić, E. Malthouse, Mi Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2019.1701363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2019.1701363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the years over-the-top (OTT) platforms such as Netflix and Hulu have attracted a lot of customers and caused serious disruptions in the media and advertising industry. This paper examines the underlying cause of such a disruption by using big data from one of the leading multi-system operators (MSO) in the US, which provides cable TV, phone and Internet services to multiple communities. More specifically, the dataset allows us to model the behaviour of 267,276 unique households, who collectively watched 270,718 unique programs and examine the effects of online video consumption, different genres, and use of additional cable services on cord shaving. The findings suggest the most important predictors of cord shaving are video on demand and time spent watching different genres, especially live sports and news. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of the research for content distributors, content providers, and advertisers.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"172 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2019.1701363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48211703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1699325
Christian Zabel, S. Pagel, Verena Telkmann, Alexander Rossner
ABSTRACT Online video consumption is growing strongly, opening up opportunities for new players to enter this evolving market. Media clusters can capitalise on this trend by trying to attract some of these new actors. In any case, there is not a lot of insight about location decisions of online video producers as of yet. To identify these factors, all 1,910 professional producers distributing their online video content on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Twitch in Germany were identified and surveyed. The data from 101 respondents show significant differences between producers located in and outside media clusters for 23 of 26 items operationalising the importance of exogenous and endogenous agglomeration factors. The survey data were then used to develop a model with five principal components (Network Building, Media Ecosystem, Human Resources, Public Funding/Infrastructure and Personal Lifestyle options) and 13 variables, which may be used to elaborate a broader model.
{"title":"Coming to town. Importance of agglomeration factors for media cluster development in the German online video industry","authors":"Christian Zabel, S. Pagel, Verena Telkmann, Alexander Rossner","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2019.1699325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2019.1699325","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Online video consumption is growing strongly, opening up opportunities for new players to enter this evolving market. Media clusters can capitalise on this trend by trying to attract some of these new actors. In any case, there is not a lot of insight about location decisions of online video producers as of yet. To identify these factors, all 1,910 professional producers distributing their online video content on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Twitch in Germany were identified and surveyed. The data from 101 respondents show significant differences between producers located in and outside media clusters for 23 of 26 items operationalising the importance of exogenous and endogenous agglomeration factors. The survey data were then used to develop a model with five principal components (Network Building, Media Ecosystem, Human Resources, Public Funding/Infrastructure and Personal Lifestyle options) and 13 variables, which may be used to elaborate a broader model.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"148 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2019.1699325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1738694
Sophia Gaenssle, Oliver Budzinski
ABSTRACT
We review the economics of superstars, originally developed for stars in traditional media, and discuss whether they are applicable for the novel phenomenon of stars in social media (influencer, micro-celebrities). Moreover, we analyse potentially new factors for creating social media superstardom. Our overall result is that the economics of superstars remain applicable and relevant for social media stars. In line with this assessment, we find that several (allegedly) new star factors in social media, like disappearance of gatekeepers and authenticity, turn out to be just slightly different to traditional concepts. However, algorithm management and upload strategies represent novel success factors relevant for social media superstardom that are not captured by traditional superstar theories.
{"title":"Stars in social media: new light through old windows?","authors":"Sophia Gaenssle, Oliver Budzinski","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1738694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1738694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p>We review the economics of superstars, originally developed for stars in traditional media, and discuss whether they are applicable for the novel phenomenon of stars in social media (influencer, micro-celebrities). Moreover, we analyse potentially new factors for creating social media superstardom. Our overall result is that the economics of superstars remain applicable and relevant for social media stars. In line with this assessment, we find that several (allegedly) new star factors in social media, like disappearance of gatekeepers and authenticity, turn out to be just slightly different to traditional concepts. However, algorithm management and upload strategies represent novel success factors relevant for social media superstardom that are not captured by traditional superstar theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-26DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148
J. Eigler, Samaneh Azarpour
ABSTRACT Creative workers in media industries work under particular employment conditions and structures that can be described as “atypical employment”. For most of the creative workforce, employment is not full-time, and the average annual income is low and unpredictable. It is important for the creative workforce to know that reputation plays a decisive role in overcoming barriers of entry to networks, and obstacles to employment in artistic-creative projects. Thus, it is crucial to learn how reputational capital can be built, developed, preserved and expanded. Therefore, this paper will present a theoretical framework for reputation management that demonstrates the complex cause-and-effect relationships among a creative worker’s reputational capital as an intangible resource in a media network. It will be shown that a creative worker’s personal branding has instrumental value for the development and maintenance of reputational capital. Moreover, this paper conceptualises reputation management based on a review of related literature for the purpose of conceptual development.
{"title":"Reputation management for creative workers in the media industry","authors":"J. Eigler, Samaneh Azarpour","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Creative workers in media industries work under particular employment conditions and structures that can be described as “atypical employment”. For most of the creative workforce, employment is not full-time, and the average annual income is low and unpredictable. It is important for the creative workforce to know that reputation plays a decisive role in overcoming barriers of entry to networks, and obstacles to employment in artistic-creative projects. Thus, it is crucial to learn how reputational capital can be built, developed, preserved and expanded. Therefore, this paper will present a theoretical framework for reputation management that demonstrates the complex cause-and-effect relationships among a creative worker’s reputational capital as an intangible resource in a media network. It will be shown that a creative worker’s personal branding has instrumental value for the development and maintenance of reputational capital. Moreover, this paper conceptualises reputation management based on a review of related literature for the purpose of conceptual development.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"261 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43345431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1739365
Amy Sindik, Heather Polinsky
ABSTRACT This study explores the impact the first reverse incentive spectrum auction in the United States had on the broadcast industry. The reverse incentive auction is considered the first failed spectrum auction because it did not live up to profit or participation expectations. This study examines various economic and political factors that possibly contributed to the auction disappointment, including the asymmetric information between the broadcast industry and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the broadcast industry’s waning influence over the FCC. These issues are explored through a mixed-methods study consisting of a quantitative auction data set and interviews with broadcast professionals.
{"title":"Federal Communications Commission reverse incentive spectrum auction: outcomes and impact on the broadcast industry","authors":"Amy Sindik, Heather Polinsky","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1739365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1739365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the impact the first reverse incentive spectrum auction in the United States had on the broadcast industry. The reverse incentive auction is considered the first failed spectrum auction because it did not live up to profit or participation expectations. This study examines various economic and political factors that possibly contributed to the auction disappointment, including the asymmetric information between the broadcast industry and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the broadcast industry’s waning influence over the FCC. These issues are explored through a mixed-methods study consisting of a quantitative auction data set and interviews with broadcast professionals.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"276 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2020.1739365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1726671
J. Harker
ABSTRACT This research explores the interfirm interlock networks that currently exist among publicly traded media conglomerates operating in the United States of America. Directorship information was gathered from annual reports and definitive proxy reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for 68 media conglomerates across seven media sectors for year ending 2018. This investigation applies social resource theory to assess the social networks formed by interfirm interlocks among media conglomerates and how such network structures address environmental uncertainty. Results indicate that not all alliances are mutually beneficial and those that are more resource-dependent endure negative cooptation effects. Moreover, today’s financial interlocks look very different than they did at the turn of the century. This research discusses how these changes in interfirm interlocks have resulted in directorship wars. Practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"The United States of America’s interlocked information industry: An examination into seven U.S. media sectors’ boards of directors","authors":"J. Harker","doi":"10.1080/16522354.2020.1726671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1726671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research explores the interfirm interlock networks that currently exist among publicly traded media conglomerates operating in the United States of America. Directorship information was gathered from annual reports and definitive proxy reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for 68 media conglomerates across seven media sectors for year ending 2018. This investigation applies social resource theory to assess the social networks formed by interfirm interlocks among media conglomerates and how such network structures address environmental uncertainty. Results indicate that not all alliances are mutually beneficial and those that are more resource-dependent endure negative cooptation effects. Moreover, today’s financial interlocks look very different than they did at the turn of the century. This research discusses how these changes in interfirm interlocks have resulted in directorship wars. Practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Media Business Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"219 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16522354.2020.1726671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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