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Evangelical attitudes toward Syrian refugees: are evangelicals distinctive in their opposition to Syrian refugees to the United States? 福音派对叙利亚难民的态度:福音派在反对叙利亚难民到美国方面有什么独特之处吗?
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000214
Oindrila Roy
This study analyzes a potential source of immigration policy by comparing attitudes toward Syrian refugees across different religious traditions in the United States. The analysis focuses on the puzzling case of evangelical public opinion, where the views of lay evangelicals showed a contrast with the pro-refugee stance of the church leadership. The current analysis examines the sources of evangelical public opinion by scrutinizing the mediating effects of Muslim stereotypes. The findings from a series of regression analyses using the ANES dataset (2016) suggest that while evangelicals are not distinctive in their opposition to Syrian refugees, they are unique in holding significantly high levels of Muslim stereotypes, which makes them more opposed to allowing refugees from Syria. Additionally, interesting differences in attitudes emerge within the evangelical community, thereby cautioning against generalizing the divide between church leadership and laity. Finally, measures of religiosity demonstrate significant effects on attitudes across religious traditions.
本研究通过比较美国不同宗教传统对叙利亚难民的态度,分析了移民政策的潜在来源。分析集中在福音派公众舆论的令人困惑的情况下,外行福音派的观点与教会领导层支持难民的立场形成鲜明对比。当前的分析通过审视穆斯林刻板印象的中介作用来检验福音派公众舆论的来源。使用ANES数据集(2016)进行的一系列回归分析的结果表明,虽然福音派在反对叙利亚难民方面并不独特,但他们在持有明显高水平的穆斯林刻板印象方面是独一无二的,这使得他们更加反对允许来自叙利亚的难民。此外,在福音派社区中出现了有趣的态度差异,因此警告不要将教会领袖与俗人之间的鸿沟普遍化。最后,宗教虔诚度的测量显示出对宗教传统态度的显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
An Epidemic among My People: Religion, Politics, and COVID-19 in the United States By Paul A. Djupe and Amanda Friesen. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2023. 322 pp. $115.50 hardcover, $39.95 paperback. 《我的人民中的流行病:美国的宗教、政治和COVID-19》,作者:保罗·a·杜佩和阿曼达·弗里森。费城:坦普尔大学出版社,2023。322页,精装本115.50美元,平装本39.95美元。
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000202
Ben Gaskins
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引用次数: 1
Clergy-lay political (mis)alignment in 2019–2020 2019-2020年的政教(错误)结盟
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000172
J. Roso, Mark Chaves
We use data from the new and nationally representative National Survey of Religious Leaders, supplemented with the 2018 General Social Survey, to examine the extent to which clergy are politically aligned with people in their congregations. Two assessments of alignment—clergy reports of how their political views compare to the political views held by most people in their congregations, and comparisons between clergy and lay voting preferences in the 2016 election—yield the same findings. Clergy in Black Protestant and predominantly white evangelical churches are much more likely to be politically aligned with their people than are Catholic or, especially, white mainline Protestant clergy, who often are more liberal than their people. Contrary to media reports suggesting that evangelical clergy are now likely to be less conservative than their people, the vast majority are either politically aligned with, or more conservative than, their members.
我们使用了新的具有全国代表性的全国宗教领袖调查数据,并辅以2018年综合社会调查,以检查神职人员在多大程度上与其会众中的人在政治上保持一致。对一致性的两项评估——神职人员报告的他们的政治观点与会众中大多数人的政治观点的比较,以及神职人员和非神职人员在2016年选举中投票偏好的比较——得出了同样的结果。黑人新教和以白人为主的福音派教会的神职人员更有可能在政治上与他们的人民结盟,而不是天主教徒,尤其是白人主流新教神职人员,后者往往比他们的人民更自由。与媒体报道的福音派神职人员现在可能比他们的人民更保守相反,绝大多数人要么在政治上与他们的成员结盟,要么比他们的成员更保守。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the measurement of biblical interpretation in social science research 改进社会科学研究中圣经解释的测量方法
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000160
Stephen T. Mockabee, A. R. Lewis
Asking about people's views of the Bible in a single survey question has become the prevailing way to understand the mass public's religious beliefs. Nevertheless, the standard survey items raise questions about what is being measured. The questions used to measure one's views of the Bible are often double-barreled and leave considerable room for interpretation. In this paper, we assess the measurement error in the standard three-category question from the American National Election Study (ANES) by developing new items to gauge what it might mean to a respondent to select one of the three options in the standard Bible question. Using original data from two online surveys, we demonstrate that there is substantial measurement error in the standard ANES item. Analyses also show that our new items predict responses to the standard ANES item and are potent predictors of political attitudes—often performing better than the widely used three-category question.
在一个调查问题中询问人们对圣经的看法已经成为了解大众宗教信仰的普遍方式。然而,标准的调查项目提出了关于测量内容的问题。用来衡量一个人对圣经的看法的问题往往是双重的,给解释留下了相当大的空间。在本文中,我们通过开发新项目来评估被调查者在标准圣经问题中选择三个选项中的一个可能意味着什么,从而评估美国全国选举研究(ANES)标准三类问题中的测量误差。使用来自两个在线调查的原始数据,我们证明了在标准ANES项目中存在很大的测量误差。分析还表明,我们的新题目预测了对标准ANES题目的反应,并且是政治态度的有力预测指标——通常比广泛使用的三类问题表现得更好。
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引用次数: 0
Israel: a novel wedge issue in Canadian electoral politics 以色列:加拿大选举政治中的一个新的楔子问题
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000147
Yannick Dufresne, J. Levin, J. Paquin, Marc-Antoine Rancourt
This article investigates the relationship between partisan foreign policy positions on Israel and the voting behavior of religious minorities in Canada. It discusses Stephen Harper's strong pro-Israeli stance in foreign policy when the Conservatives were in power and focuses on two main explanations accounting for such politicization of Israel, namely moral obligations and political clientelism. These hypotheses are tested using the 1968–2015 Canadian Election Study (CES) surveys and the 2011–2015 Vox Pop Labs election data. The results suggest that the Israeli issue had an impact on the support for the Conservatives among voters from religious minorities. Considering the effect of this foreign policy positions, Jewish Canadians are shown to be more supportive of the Conservatives, while the opposite pattern is observed among Muslim Canadians. The implications of these findings are then discussed.
本文调查了加拿大党派对以色列的外交政策立场与宗教少数群体投票行为之间的关系。它讨论了斯蒂芬·哈珀在保守党执政时在外交政策上强烈的亲以色列立场,并着重于解释以色列这种政治化的两个主要原因,即道德义务和政治庇护主义。这些假设使用1968-2015年加拿大选举研究(CES)调查和2011-2015年Vox Pop Labs选举数据进行了测试。结果表明,以色列问题对保守党在宗教少数派选民中的支持率有影响。考虑到这种外交政策立场的影响,加拿大的犹太裔更支持保守党,而加拿大的穆斯林则相反。然后讨论这些发现的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Early stirrings of modern liberty in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas 圣托马斯·阿奎那思想中现代自由的早期萌芽
1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000159
Matthew P. Cavedon
Abstract In a 2021 contribution to Politics and Religion , Jesse Russell wrote that St. Thomas Aquinas “had a decidedly illiberal view of a government.” He says Aquinas “advocates a government in which the people are not given public liberty” and did not “prepare the way for the mixed monarchy of the English constitution.” But Aquinas places the rule of moral law above politics, endorses participatory government, prioritizes reciprocal duties rather than coerced conformity, favors a mixed regime with democratic representation, and sanctions resistance to tyrants. Each idea is an important component of modern understandings of freedom. Liberal democracy as a constitutional arrangement, and its various philosophical defenses, postdate Aquinas by centuries. It would be anachronistic to cast him as their partisan. But neither was he a proto-reactionary: his political philosophy is congenial to free, limited government that belongs to the people.
杰西·罗素在2021年为《政治与宗教》撰写的一篇文章中写道,圣托马斯·阿奎那“对政府的看法显然是狭隘的”。他说,阿奎那“提倡一个人民没有公共自由的政府”,并没有“为英国宪法的混合君主制铺平道路”。但阿奎那将道德法则置于政治之上,支持参与式政府,优先考虑互惠义务而不是强迫服从,赞成民主代表制的混合政权,并制裁对暴君的抵抗。每一种观念都是现代对自由理解的重要组成部分。自由民主作为一种宪政安排,以及它的各种哲学辩护,比阿奎那晚了几个世纪。把他当作他们的党徒是不合时宜的。但他也不是一个典型的反动派:他的政治哲学与属于人民的自由、有限的政府是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Views on political Islam among Australian converts to Islam: findings of a national survey 皈依伊斯兰教的澳大利亚人对政治伊斯兰教的看法:一项全国性调查的结果
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000135
P. Mitchell, Halim Rane, Adis Duderija
Over the past few decades, interest in and conversion to Islam among non-Muslims in the West has been on the rise. There is a view in the scholarly literature that Western converts to Islam are overrepresented in regard to politicized interpretations of the religion, commonly referred to as political Islam or Islamism, and even militancy or jihadism. This article presents the findings of a national survey of Muslim Australians. It focuses on views amongst Australian converts to Islam concerning political Islam, including views and understandings of such concepts as the caliphate, shariah, and jihad, and the relationship between Islam and politics, democracy, and conflict. The findings suggest that in the Australian context, converts to Islam are not more likely, and in some cases less likely, than the broader born-Muslim population, to understand and interpret Islam in accordance with political Islamist ideology.
在过去的几十年里,西方非穆斯林对伊斯兰教的兴趣和皈依一直在上升。在学术文献中有一种观点认为,西方皈依伊斯兰教的人对宗教的政治化解释过多,通常被称为政治伊斯兰教或伊斯兰主义,甚至是好战主义或圣战主义。这篇文章介绍了一项针对澳大利亚穆斯林的全国性调查的结果。它侧重于澳大利亚皈依伊斯兰教的人对政治伊斯兰教的看法,包括对哈里发国、伊斯兰教法和圣战等概念的看法和理解,以及伊斯兰教与政治、民主和冲突之间的关系。研究结果表明,在澳大利亚的背景下,皈依伊斯兰教的人并不比出生在更大范围内的穆斯林人口更有可能,在某些情况下更不可能根据政治伊斯兰主义意识形态来理解和解释伊斯兰教。
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引用次数: 0
Do discriminatory laws have societal origins? The diffusion of anti-Ahmadiyah regulations in Indonesia 歧视性法律有社会根源吗?反艾哈迈迪亚派法规在印度尼西亚的扩散
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000081
Michael Buehler
Government laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities are on the rise worldwide. Scholars have debated whether or not society-based discrimination is a pre-condition for government-based discrimination. Examining an original dataset of regulations discriminating against the Ahmadiyah community in Indonesia, this article argues that calls from within society to restrict the freedom of religious minorities are neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the rise of discriminatory government regulations. Instead, governments may emulate other governments and adopt laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities without any immediate societal pressure preceding it. Hence, future research needs to consider the interdependence between jurisdictions as an important driver of laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities.
歧视宗教少数群体的政府法律法规在世界范围内呈上升趋势。学者们一直在争论基于社会的歧视是否是基于政府的歧视的先决条件。本文检视印尼歧视阿玛迪亚社群法规的原始资料,认为社会内部要求限制宗教少数派自由的呼声,既非歧视性政府法规兴起的充分条件,也非必要条件。相反,政府可能会效仿其他政府,在没有任何直接社会压力的情况下制定歧视宗教少数群体的法律法规。因此,未来的研究需要考虑司法管辖区之间的相互依存是歧视宗教少数群体的法律法规的重要驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
Populism and religion: an intricate and varying relationship 民粹主义与宗教:复杂多变的关系
IF 1.5 1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S175504832300010X
Christopher Beuter, Matthias Kortmann, Laura Karoline Nette, Kathrin Rucktäschel
About a decade ago, the relationship between populism and religion was still an under-researched area (Mudde, 2015). Since then, pioneering studies have started to assess this complex relationship, mostly concentrating on Western countries with a Christian imprint. Marzouki et al. (2016) focus on the role of religion in right-wing populist movements, arguing that these movements instrumentalize religious narratives. In the volume, Roy (2016, 79–80) reasons that religion takes more the role of an identity marker than an actual belief. Similarly, Brubaker (2017, 1193) has coined the term “identitarian Christianism,” which is, first and foremost, characterized by “a secularist posture” as a means of taking up battle lines against Islam. The edited volume by DeHanas and Shterin (2018) on “Religion and the rise of populism” widens the Western-oriented focus by bringing together case studies of populist parties not only from Europe and the United States but also from predominantly Muslim societies in Central Asia as well as from Turkey. While the broadening of case studies is innovative, the volume ultimately refrains from drawing conclusions that go beyond the observations of Roy (2016) and Brubaker (2017). Hence, populists perceive religion in an identitarian way, framing a specific religion (i.e., Islam) as a threat to their own culture (i.e., the [Christian] secular civilization) (DeHanas and Shterin, 2018, 178). This is where our symposium wants to tie in. By building on previous research, its objective is threefold. First, we attempt to show that populist actors refer to religion in various ways, with religion as a boundary marker, differentiating the in-group from the outgroup. In some instances, populists refer to religion to identify the out-group, often Islam, that is deemed incompatible with their own culture. Religion in this scenario is seen as a threat to the domestic society, and populists then primarily focus on the “evil other.” The religious threat to these secular societies can be both internal, harming one’s norms and values from within, as well as external, looming at the country’s border and waiting to take
大约十年前,民粹主义与宗教之间的关系仍然是一个研究不足的领域(Mudde, 2015)。从那时起,开创性的研究开始评估这种复杂的关系,主要集中在具有基督教印记的西方国家。Marzouki等人(2016)关注宗教在右翼民粹主义运动中的作用,认为这些运动将宗教叙事工具化。在这本书中,罗伊(2016,79-80)认为宗教更多的是一种身份标记,而不是一种实际的信仰。同样,Brubaker(2017,1193)创造了“身份认同基督教”一词,其首要特征是“世俗主义姿态”,作为对抗伊斯兰教的一种手段。DeHanas和Shterin(2018)编辑的关于“宗教与民粹主义兴起”的卷拓宽了西方导向的焦点,汇集了民粹主义政党的案例研究,不仅来自欧洲和美国,而且来自中亚主要的穆斯林社会以及土耳其。虽然案例研究的拓宽是创新的,但该卷最终避免得出超出Roy(2016)和Brubaker(2017)观察范围的结论。因此,民粹主义者以一种认同的方式看待宗教,将特定的宗教(即伊斯兰教)视为对他们自己的文化(即[基督教]世俗文明)的威胁(DeHanas和Shterin, 2018,178)。这就是我们研讨会想要切入的地方。通过建立在以前的研究基础上,它的目标有三个。首先,我们试图证明民粹主义行动者以各种方式提及宗教,并将宗教作为区分内群体和外群体的边界标记。在某些情况下,民粹主义者引用宗教来识别被认为与他们自己的文化不相容的外群体,通常是伊斯兰教。在这种情况下,宗教被视为对国内社会的威胁,民粹主义者则主要关注“邪恶的他者”。对这些世俗社会的宗教威胁可能是内部的,从内部损害一个人的规范和价值观,也可能是外部的,隐约出现在国家的边界,等待采取行动
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引用次数: 0
Race and the Power of Sermons on American Politics. By R. Khari Brown, Ronald E. Brown, and James S. Jackson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 2021. xii+167 pp. $70.00 cloth.; Decoding the Digital Church: Evangelical Storytelling and the Election of Donald J. Trump. By Stephanie A. Martin. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 2021. xi.+266 pp. $49.95 cloth. 种族和布道对美国政治的影响。作者:R. Khari Brown, Ronald E. Brown, James S. Jackson安娜堡:密歇根大学出版社,2021。Xii +167 pp. $70.00布;解读数字教会:福音派叙事与唐纳德·j·特朗普的当选。斯蒂芬妮·a·马丁著。塔斯卡卢萨:阿拉巴马大学出版社。2021。西+266页。$49.95布。
1区 哲学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1755048323000123
James L. Guth
Despite the growing flight of Americans from religious institutions, these are still the largest voluntary organizations in the United States and they remain significant forces in American politics. As leaders of these organizations, clergy are often visible and influential political figures. In just the past few years, conservative Protestant pastors were frequent visitors to the Trump White House and played a crucial role in mobilizing a large Republican religious constituency. Black Protestant ministers have long been a vital force in Democratic circles and are joined at times by white liberal colleagues, as evidenced by the recent mobilization to preserve abortion rights in the wake of the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization .
尽管越来越多的美国人逃离宗教机构,但这些机构仍然是美国最大的志愿组织,它们仍然是美国政治中的重要力量。作为这些组织的领导者,神职人员往往是可见的和有影响力的政治人物。就在过去的几年里,保守派的新教牧师经常造访特朗普的白宫,在动员一个庞大的共和党宗教选区方面发挥了关键作用。黑人新教牧师长期以来一直是民主党圈子里的一支重要力量,有时也会有自由派白人同事加入进来,最近在最高法院对多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织(Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization)一案做出裁决后,为维护堕胎权而进行的动员就是明证。
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引用次数: 0
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Politics and Religion
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