N. Riseman, Wannes Dupont, Averill Earls, T. Kehoe, Stefan Hock, Jeff Jay, J. Carter, Jerry Watkins, Nisha Kommattam, Kevin Allen, Peter Cryle, Susannah Cornwall, K. Crawford
{"title":"Hunting Gays and Lesbians in the Australian Defence Force, 1974–1992","authors":"N. Riseman, Wannes Dupont, Averill Earls, T. Kehoe, Stefan Hock, Jeff Jay, J. Carter, Jerry Watkins, Nisha Kommattam, Kevin Allen, Peter Cryle, Susannah Cornwall, K. Crawford","doi":"10.7560/jhs28301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs28301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"325 - 356 - 357 - 395 - 396 - 424 - 425 - 456 - 457 - 482 - 483 - 513 - 514 - 516 - 516 - 519 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43090738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Two-Faced Fifties: Homosexuality and Penal Policy in the International Forensic Community, 1945–1965","authors":"Wannes Dupont","doi":"10.7560/jhs28302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs28302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"357 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I n D e c e m b e r 1919 m I c h a e l F o g a r t y , the Catholic bishop of Killaloe, in a letter to the editor, decried the fact that Lord Chief Justice Francis Molony, a “hireling of British tyranny,” had characterized the people of County Clare as “a race of moral degenerates.” His indignation is apparent: “One would think . . . that we were here ankle-deep in the filthy compound of burglary and murder, sodomy, bigamy and infidelity, child murder, divorce, and sexual promiscuity that covers the standing pool of Saxon life.” Fogarty thought that Molony exemplified the long history of English elites wrongfully characterizing Irishmen as violent children unfit for self-governance. To conclude his defense of his countrymen, Fogarty closed his letter with a sarcastic sign-off, asserting exactly what he thought was wrong with the people of County Clare: “It is that they have the manliness to stand up against tyranny, and to flourish the Flag of Irish Independence in the face of [Dublin] Castle hacks.” The fierce imagery Fogarty evoked, painting the English not only in their barbarian ancestry but also through five counts of sexual criminality and immorality, was not unique. Tying English rule to sexual immorality
1919年，基拉洛的天主教主教I n D e c e m b e r I c h a e l F o g a r t y在给编辑的一封信中谴责了首席大法官弗朗西斯·莫洛尼（Francis Molony）是“英国暴政的雇佣者”，他将克莱尔郡的人民描述为“道德堕落的种族”。他的愤慨是显而易见的：“人们会认为……我们在这里陷入了入室盗窃和谋杀、鸡奸、重婚和不忠、儿童谋杀、离婚和性滥交的肮脏境地，这些都覆盖了撒克逊人的生活。福格蒂认为莫洛尼是英国精英错误地将爱尔兰人定性为不适合自治的暴力儿童的悠久历史的例证。为了结束对他的同胞们的辩护，福格蒂在信的结尾用一个讽刺的结尾，断言了他认为克莱尔郡人民的错误：“他们有勇气站出来反对暴政，并在都柏林城堡的黑客面前高举爱尔兰独立的旗帜。”，描绘英国人不仅是野蛮人的祖先，而且通过五项性犯罪和不道德的指控，这并不是唯一的。将英国规则与性不道德联系起来
{"title":"Unnatural Offenses of English Import: The Political Association of Englishness and Same-Sex Desire in Nineteenth-Century Irish Nationalist Media","authors":"Averill Earls","doi":"10.7560/jhs28303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs28303","url":null,"abstract":"I n D e c e m b e r 1919 m I c h a e l F o g a r t y , the Catholic bishop of Killaloe, in a letter to the editor, decried the fact that Lord Chief Justice Francis Molony, a “hireling of British tyranny,” had characterized the people of County Clare as “a race of moral degenerates.” His indignation is apparent: “One would think . . . that we were here ankle-deep in the filthy compound of burglary and murder, sodomy, bigamy and infidelity, child murder, divorce, and sexual promiscuity that covers the standing pool of Saxon life.” Fogarty thought that Molony exemplified the long history of English elites wrongfully characterizing Irishmen as violent children unfit for self-governance. To conclude his defense of his countrymen, Fogarty closed his letter with a sarcastic sign-off, asserting exactly what he thought was wrong with the people of County Clare: “It is that they have the manliness to stand up against tyranny, and to flourish the Flag of Irish Independence in the face of [Dublin] Castle hacks.” The fierce imagery Fogarty evoked, painting the English not only in their barbarian ancestry but also through five counts of sexual criminality and immorality, was not unique. Tying English rule to sexual immorality","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"396 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44208298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D e s p i t e t h e U n i t e D s t a t e s repeatedly occupying foreign territory militarily from the early nineteenth century, participation in the Allies’ post–World War I occupation of the German Rhineland had special importance. Conducted to enforce the armistice during peace negotiations and German demilitarization thereafter, that occupation was the first time that American forces had been stationed in Europe, had operated within an international coalition, or had controlled territory of another great power. American participation has nonetheless received little scholarly attention. The consensus has been, following Keith Nelson, that American rule was “benign.” This article explores some of the more difficult realities of German-American relations, particularly, the sexual economy created by martial rule and Germany’s economic distress.
{"title":"\"Women Always Drew the Short Straw\": Military Power and Sexual Exploitation in the American Occupation of Koblenz, 1918–1923","authors":"T. Kehoe","doi":"10.7560/jhs28304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/jhs28304","url":null,"abstract":"D e s p i t e t h e U n i t e D s t a t e s repeatedly occupying foreign territory militarily from the early nineteenth century, participation in the Allies’ post–World War I occupation of the German Rhineland had special importance. Conducted to enforce the armistice during peace negotiations and German demilitarization thereafter, that occupation was the first time that American forces had been stationed in Europe, had operated within an international coalition, or had controlled territory of another great power. American participation has nonetheless received little scholarly attention. The consensus has been, following Keith Nelson, that American rule was “benign.” This article explores some of the more difficult realities of German-American relations, particularly, the sexual economy created by martial rule and Germany’s economic distress.","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"425 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sodomites, Pederasts, and Tribades in Eighteenth-Century France: A Documentary History ed. by Jeffrey Merrick (review)","authors":"Reginald J Mcginnis","doi":"10.1515/9780271084183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271084183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"29 1","pages":"461 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41675762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexuality and the Unnatural in Colonial Latin America ed. by Zeb Tortorici (review)","authors":"J. Liliequist","doi":"10.1525/9780520963184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520963184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"320 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oscar Wilde Prefigured: Queer Fashioning and British Caricature, 1750–1900 by Dominic Janes (review)","authors":"R. Mitchell","doi":"10.7560/JHS28205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS28205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"304 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I n 1954 s e c u r I t y o f f I c I a l s f o r the US Civil Service Commission questioned Ruth Windham, a former employee of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), who had recently resigned due to an undisclosed illness. According to Paul Hussey, the FHA deputy personnel security officer, Windham’s mother had visited his office to explain that her daughter’s departure had been due to Ruth’s “homosexual activity,” which had resulted in the dissolution of her marriage. When questioned by investigators, Windham described in detail her conflicts with her husband and her numerous sexual relationships with women during the preceding ten years. She also claimed that she had gained employment in the FHA after she had met Peggy Davis, a member of the FHA Personnel Division, who, according to Windham, was also a lesbian. Windham explained that Davis had hired other women with similar sexual inclinations to work for the FHA, including Doris Wilson, with whom Windham was having a sexual relationship. Worried that the FHA was awash with lesbians, Hussey ordered an investigation into the lengthy list of employees who Windham claimed were homosexual. He was following the directives issued in 1953 by President Dwight Eisenhower under Executive Order 10,450. Continuing the practice of banning individuals with questionable political beliefs and associations from employment with the federal government, Eisenhower expanded the grounds for dismissal to include security risks and other indications that the person did not possess the proper character to work for the government. The list of character traits deemed inappropriate included criminal or immoral behavior, mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, and sexual perversion.
1954年，美国公务员委员会(US Civil Service Commission)对联邦住房管理局(Federal Housing Administration，简称FHA)前雇员露丝•温德姆(Ruth Windham)进行了质询。温德姆最近因一种未公开的疾病辞职。据联邦住房管理局副人事安全官保罗·赫西(Paul Hussey)说，温德姆的母亲曾到他的办公室解释说，她女儿的离开是由于露丝的“同性恋活动”，这导致了她婚姻的破裂。在接受调查人员询问时，温德姆详细描述了她与丈夫的冲突，以及她在过去十年中与众多女性发生的性关系。她还声称，在遇到佩吉·戴维斯(Peggy Davis)之后，她在联邦住房管理局找到了工作。佩吉·戴维斯是联邦住房管理局人事部的一名成员，据温德姆说，她也是一名女同性恋。温德姆解释说，戴维斯还雇佣了其他有类似性倾向的女性为联邦住房管理局工作，其中包括与温德姆发生性关系的多丽丝·威尔逊。由于担心联邦住房管理局充斥着女同性恋，赫西下令对温德姆声称是同性恋的一长串雇员名单进行调查。他是在执行1953年德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统根据第10450号行政命令发布的指令。艾森豪威尔继续禁止有可疑政治信仰和联系的个人受雇于联邦政府，并扩大了解雇的理由，包括安全风险和其他迹象表明该人不具备为政府工作的适当品格。被认为不合适的性格特征包括犯罪或不道德行为、精神疾病、吸毒或酗酒以及性变态。
{"title":"“An Unusual and Peculiar Relationship”: Lesbianism and the American Cold War National Security State","authors":"R. Genter","doi":"10.7560/JHS28203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS28203","url":null,"abstract":"I n 1954 s e c u r I t y o f f I c I a l s f o r the US Civil Service Commission questioned Ruth Windham, a former employee of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), who had recently resigned due to an undisclosed illness. According to Paul Hussey, the FHA deputy personnel security officer, Windham’s mother had visited his office to explain that her daughter’s departure had been due to Ruth’s “homosexual activity,” which had resulted in the dissolution of her marriage. When questioned by investigators, Windham described in detail her conflicts with her husband and her numerous sexual relationships with women during the preceding ten years. She also claimed that she had gained employment in the FHA after she had met Peggy Davis, a member of the FHA Personnel Division, who, according to Windham, was also a lesbian. Windham explained that Davis had hired other women with similar sexual inclinations to work for the FHA, including Doris Wilson, with whom Windham was having a sexual relationship. Worried that the FHA was awash with lesbians, Hussey ordered an investigation into the lengthy list of employees who Windham claimed were homosexual. He was following the directives issued in 1953 by President Dwight Eisenhower under Executive Order 10,450. Continuing the practice of banning individuals with questionable political beliefs and associations from employment with the federal government, Eisenhower expanded the grounds for dismissal to include security risks and other indications that the person did not possess the proper character to work for the government. The list of character traits deemed inappropriate included criminal or immoral behavior, mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, and sexual perversion.","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"235 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I n 1911 a u t h o r I t I e s I n s p o k a n e , Washington, arrested eighteenyear-old Edward Doyle because he had “voluntarily submitted himself to carnal knowledge by one Frank Williams.” In response to police interrogation, Doyle admitted to having done this with a number of other men for at least two years and claimed that he always allowed men to perform acts on him and that he never performed the acts on anyone else. He cited the need for money and assured authorities that he “did not derive any pleasure from the act.” When it came time for sentencing, the judge, E. H. Sullivan, doubted Doyle’s claim that he was devoid of same-sex desire, but he also had faith that Doyle’s same-sex desires could be cured. Sullivan sent Doyle to serve his term at the Washington State Reformatory in Monroe, Washington, instead of the state penitentiary in Walla Walla, where men whose same-sex desires were deemed incorrigible were generally sent. Three years later, George Chase, a businessman, sponsored Doyle for parole by offering him a job on a ranch in rural Grandview, Washington. Work there soon dried up, so Chase sought approval to send Doyle to Spokane to find steadier employment. This was a usual request within the state’s parole system, but it was met with opposition from the reformatory’s chief parole officer. In multiple letters to people involved in the case, Chief Parole Officer C. J. Webb expressed his belief that Doyle’s sexual problems arose from his exposure to urban environments: “It was distinctly understood that he should not go to a large city” and that “a year in the country would be the best thing for him.” Webb believed that Doyle was a “weak fellow” and that
{"title":"From Sodomists to Citizens: Same-Sex Sexuality and the Progressive Era Washington State Reformatory","authors":"Brian Stack","doi":"10.7560/JHS28201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS28201","url":null,"abstract":"I n 1911 a u t h o r I t I e s I n s p o k a n e , Washington, arrested eighteenyear-old Edward Doyle because he had “voluntarily submitted himself to carnal knowledge by one Frank Williams.” In response to police interrogation, Doyle admitted to having done this with a number of other men for at least two years and claimed that he always allowed men to perform acts on him and that he never performed the acts on anyone else. He cited the need for money and assured authorities that he “did not derive any pleasure from the act.” When it came time for sentencing, the judge, E. H. Sullivan, doubted Doyle’s claim that he was devoid of same-sex desire, but he also had faith that Doyle’s same-sex desires could be cured. Sullivan sent Doyle to serve his term at the Washington State Reformatory in Monroe, Washington, instead of the state penitentiary in Walla Walla, where men whose same-sex desires were deemed incorrigible were generally sent. Three years later, George Chase, a businessman, sponsored Doyle for parole by offering him a job on a ranch in rural Grandview, Washington. Work there soon dried up, so Chase sought approval to send Doyle to Spokane to find steadier employment. This was a usual request within the state’s parole system, but it was met with opposition from the reformatory’s chief parole officer. In multiple letters to people involved in the case, Chief Parole Officer C. J. Webb expressed his belief that Doyle’s sexual problems arose from his exposure to urban environments: “It was distinctly understood that he should not go to a large city” and that “a year in the country would be the best thing for him.” Webb believed that Doyle was a “weak fellow” and that","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"173 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I n 1992 a F I n n I s h w o m a n b o r n in 1919 expressed her loss in an autobiography she wrote for a collection of sexual life stories gathered for sociological research. She wrote: “Maria has already passed on to eternity. That was announced in a death notice in the newspaper. Only the dark roses I have sent to the funeral convey the message of our friendship. Do I dare to break the fabric of forgetting?” Although this author had married twice and, as she describes it, experienced her best moments with her spouse, her account begins with Maria, with whom she had worked in an institution that she does not name but describes as a “closed community” after World War II. The affair, which involved kissing and caressing that “made the blood rush in the veins,” needed to be kept secret, and the writer recalls being worried about doing something harmful to herself by engaging in such an affair. This glimpse of the queer desire between two women illustrates the nature of my findings about this collection of autobiographies. The story of Maria was written by a woman who had lived a predominantly heterosexual life, but the text nonetheless offers insight into the nature of same-sex desire during the post–World War II period. While this woman recounted her own secret affair with another woman, many of the writers in the collection remember gays and lesbians they have known. I will argue that the way in which these writers recall their own same-sex desires and those of others reveals the importance of queer desires in constructing their sexual life stories in the 1990s.
{"title":"Discovered Queer Desires: Rereading Same-Sex Sexuality from Finnish and Estonian Life Stories of the 1990s","authors":"Riikka Taavetti","doi":"10.7560/JHS28202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS28202","url":null,"abstract":"I n 1992 a F I n n I s h w o m a n b o r n in 1919 expressed her loss in an autobiography she wrote for a collection of sexual life stories gathered for sociological research. She wrote: “Maria has already passed on to eternity. That was announced in a death notice in the newspaper. Only the dark roses I have sent to the funeral convey the message of our friendship. Do I dare to break the fabric of forgetting?” Although this author had married twice and, as she describes it, experienced her best moments with her spouse, her account begins with Maria, with whom she had worked in an institution that she does not name but describes as a “closed community” after World War II. The affair, which involved kissing and caressing that “made the blood rush in the veins,” needed to be kept secret, and the writer recalls being worried about doing something harmful to herself by engaging in such an affair. This glimpse of the queer desire between two women illustrates the nature of my findings about this collection of autobiographies. The story of Maria was written by a woman who had lived a predominantly heterosexual life, but the text nonetheless offers insight into the nature of same-sex desire during the post–World War II period. While this woman recounted her own secret affair with another woman, many of the writers in the collection remember gays and lesbians they have known. I will argue that the way in which these writers recall their own same-sex desires and those of others reveals the importance of queer desires in constructing their sexual life stories in the 1990s.","PeriodicalId":45704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of Sexuality","volume":"28 1","pages":"205 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44476658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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