European Research on Management and Business Economics最新文献

Urban passenger transport is a key point in the progress of any city. It is a strategic area whose efficient and sustainable development requires the incorporation of multiple disciplines. It affects territorial, social, health, economic, and environmental policies, among others. In recent years, we have witnessed a series of changes, especially in the domains of technology and environmental issues. The interdisciplinary nature of transport together with these developments has produced fundamental and far-reaching changes in the scientific production related to this field of study which is difficult to cover in a traditional review of the literature. The aim of this work is thus to conduct a bibliometric analysis of urban passenger transport during the period 2001–2021, which illustrates the advances made during this period and stimulate new research in this field. SciMAT software was used for this purpose. The results show the conceptual evolution of urban passenger transport research, identifying seven main thematic areas: (1) health and physical activity, (2) travel, (3) transport policy, (4) air pollution, (5) congestion, (6) social exclusion, and (7) electric and autonomous vehicles.

Legitimacy is fundamental to business internationalization and access to new markets. This variable is particularly important for emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) as they face numerous obstacles, including the information that consumers in the host country have about these companies in addition to the legitimacy of the country of origin. Therefore, this study tests whether home country information and legitimacy affect the legitimacy of EMNEs and consumer purchase intentions. Specifically, this research focuses on EMNEs of Chinese origin due to their rapid growth at the international level and in the fast fashion sector because of the change in the positioning of large brands in favor of sustainability. The model is validated through an empirical study of 261 regular Shein shoppers using PLS-SEM. The academic and managerial implications of this research clarify the antecedents and consequences of the legitimacy of EMNEs and provide recommendations for the management of EMNEs and business success.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy on Lean Leadership and Lean Culture, providing insights into how Lean Manufacturing companies can adapt their leadership and culture styles to succeed in the new business environment. We have conducted a systematic literature review focusing on the impact of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy on Lean Leadership and Lean Culture, and our principal findings are that Implementing Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy requires changes in Lean Leadership and Culture styles to incorporate sustainability and digital transformation. This study identified ten Lean Culture characteristics classified in three groups values and principles (culture of respect, collectivism, power distance and authority distribution), customer centric (customer orientation and performance orientation) and operational excellence (receptiveness, working conditions, problem solving culture and continuous improvement and innovation) and nineteen Lean Leadership competences grouped in three categories customer oriented (customer focus, customer and supplier development and teamworking), personal development (personal stability, personal behavior, human centric, self-developing and learning, empowerment, self-transcendence and servant leadership), Lean principles (experimental, continuous improvement and innovation, zero-defects, process and lean expertise, problem solving and genchi genbutsu) and performance driven (targets settings, targets deployment and flow) that are necessary for successful implementation of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy in Lean Manufacturing companies.

Are consumers accepting AI-based products? What are the socio-demographics influencing the adoption of these products? This study tests the potential users’ social-demographic characteristics that influence the relationship between innovation and AI-based products. The latter are robots (e.g. chatbots) and AI (e.g. recommendation systems, amongst others). A mixed methods approach is adopted using both qualitative and quantitative analysis with non-metrical multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to map opinions about digitally-intensive products, such as robots and AI, and the attitude towards innovation. The research uses data on the general population from the Spanish innovation barometer survey (N = 3,005). Findings show that individuals who have a negative attitude towards innovation have a negative opinion about robots and AI. As regards social-demographic dimensions, age and economic conditions moderate this effect, causing a more positive opinion towards digitally-intensive products amongst young people and individuals with a higher socio-economic level. These effects are increased by the moderating role of sex.

This study investigates board characteristics, including board leadership structure, which explain the human capital disclosure (HCD) provided by companies. It uses a self-constructed disclosure index to quantify the level of human capital information using content analysis. Generalized method of moment is employed to estimate a dynamic model of the relationship between HCD and the characteristics of boards of directors. The results show that companies are adapting to the new European Union (EU) Regulation Directive 2014/95/EU by increasing their HCD. There has been a change in the topics disclosed by companies that signal a commitment to social responsibility toward their employees and stakeholders. The level of HCD is significantly associated with board leadership structure, and independent directors play a moderating role when a chief executive officer (CEO) duality exists. Additionally, factors such as gender diversity, board size, board activity, company size and age, and the EU Directive approved in 2014 are all associated with HCD. This study enriches the debate on the role of independent directors in HCD because they can exercise a moderating role when CEO duality is present.

This study aims to analyse the determinants of sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions considering the cultural effect on these relationships. The sample comprises 764 final-year sport science students from five European countries: Lithuania, Spain, Ukraine, Serbia, and Croatia. A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed significant direct effects between attitude towards behaviour and perceived behavioural control in sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions in all countries. Entrepreneurial skills presented an indirect impact (through attitude and perceived behavioural control) on all countries’ entrepreneurial intentions. However, the importance of each of these variables in explaining entrepreneurial intentions varied according to the students’ national culture. This study presents a series of educational policy implications to improve sports science students’ employability by developing their entrepreneurial spirit.

This manuscript examines the influence of some variables relating to boards of directors that we consider to be proxies for power (gender diversity, duality, board size and insider ownership). Their influence on firm debt is explored. The sample examined, Spanish non-financial SMEs, has some particular characteristics. Share ownership, which is usually highly concentrated in the Civil Law context, is even more concentrated when we focus on SMEs. As a consequence, there is little separation between ownership and control. We have employed a power perspective as the main theoretical framework. Data were obtained from the SABI database, and the methodology employed is a panel data, applying the System GMM technique. This methodology makes it possible to control for endogeneity and individual heterogeneity. The results show that a larger proportion of female directors, larger boards, the separation of the roles of CEO and Chairman, and more shares owned by directors and by the CEO stimulate a decrease in firm debt. This evidence supports the hypotheses tested.

Major trends in the automotive industry are reconfiguring digital mobility business models. From a comprehensive, combined Dynamic Capabilities and Ecosystems approach, this study characterizes the digital mobility business models linked to sustainability, connectivity, and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) adopted by four carmakers (Volkswagen, Stellantis, Toyota, and Honda). Results show that carmakers differ in their focal digital mobility value propositions, based mainly on the carmakers’ own mobility strategies. Volkswagen exhibits an integral proposition with personalized services, while Stellantis is focusing on electric mobility and its solutions, Toyota on autonomous and connectivity services, and Honda on a user-centric perspective via connected and shared mobility. The main sources of income are multiple personalized services linked to connectivity that specifically provide driver assistance, along with remote and digital platform services. Those carmakers pursuing sustainable, autonomous, or shared mobility strategies find their primary income sources in services like remote electric driving, autonomous door-to-door deliveries, and car-sharing. Such services are deployed not only due to technical resources, such as digital skills and data exchange systems, but primarily through organizational capabilities like a “team-player mentality” and a customer-focused vision. Finally, differences in sustainability have been highlighted, but in general terms, all manufacturers are striving to address the battery and charging-point issue through various business models to promote electric mobility. Carmakers are governing a digital mobility ecosystem configured by multiple service and technology providers that are developing transportation solutions.

How do exporters react to changes in formal institutional contexts? We hypothesise that when the formal institutional context reduces uncertainty, family-firm exporters increase their productivity more than those of non-family firms. To examine our general conjecture empirically, we leveraged the shift from a flexible to a fixed exchange rate regime that occurred with the adoption of the euro. Our findings showed that, after adopting the euro, intra-European Union (EU) family-firm exporters achieved higher productivity than non-family-firm exporters. Owing to the elimination of exchange rate volatility, intra-EU family-firm exporters, who were particularly sensitive to uncertainty because of their specificities related to wealth concentration, family-oriented goals, and corporate transparency, became more willing to adopt investment decisions than intra-EU non-family-firm exporters. Consequently, these investments yielded significant improvements in the productivity levels of the former group. We also found that the gains in productivity were not evenly distributed among intra-EU family-firm exporters. The introduction of the euro facilitated the transition of intra-EU family-firm exporters from low to intermediate productivity levels. Moreover, it allowed those with initially intermediate productivity levels to remain in the same group, while reducing the likelihood of falling behind high-productivity intra-EU family-firm exporters.

The main aim of this paper is to study the phenomenon of the coexistence of firms with illegal characteristics and firms showing legal behaviour in developed economies by using an evolutionary competition model known as the Lotka-Volterra equations. Enterprises in a ‘legal system’ obey the extant laws, particularly market rules, while enterprises in an ‘illegal system’ disregard them. Illegal enterprises have a competitive advantage over legal enterprises, yet they cannot survive if legal enterprises disappear completely. The numerical solution of the Lotka-Volterra equations are used to show how there can be a situation of coexistence between legal and illegal enterprises and how state intervention can help reduce illegality in an economic system. This paper outlines a new approach to address the problem of coexistence because it uses non-linear and evolutionary tools to define the competition between legal and illegal firms. The research gap presented in this paper is addressed using the predator-prey scheme to model the competition between legal and illegal firms, which is perceived as the competition between two populations with different fitness levels (survival probabilities). This competition gives rise to three different types of possible equilibrium outcomes: survival of only legal firms, survival of only illegal firms and coexistence of these two types of firms. An empirical analysis of an Italian case study confirms the results of this paper's theoretical model.