Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1972697
Juliet Mitchell
ABSTRACT Siblings came to me as a contradictory experience: a Eureka-like ecstatic revelation subdued by a numb sense of tired relief. I had struggled for years with what was intended as a book on male hysteria. Although in Studies in Hysteria (1895) Freud published only cases of female hysteria, it was his insistence on the existence of hysteria in men that was the underlying foundation–stone of psychoanalysis. Without it, hysteria could not have been a universal; no universal, no unconscious, no psychoanalysis. But likewise it was in discarding his trauma theory of the genesis of hysteria in favor of the concept of desire that made Freud overjoyed to give up his “neurotica” and confirm the inauguration of a new knowledge – psychoanalysis.
{"title":"Why Siblings? Introducing the “Sibling Trauma” and the “Law of the Mother” on the “Horizontal” Axis","authors":"Juliet Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1972697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1972697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Siblings came to me as a contradictory experience: a Eureka-like ecstatic revelation subdued by a numb sense of tired relief. I had struggled for years with what was intended as a book on male hysteria. Although in Studies in Hysteria (1895) Freud published only cases of female hysteria, it was his insistence on the existence of hysteria in men that was the underlying foundation–stone of psychoanalysis. Without it, hysteria could not have been a universal; no universal, no unconscious, no psychoanalysis. But likewise it was in discarding his trauma theory of the genesis of hysteria in favor of the concept of desire that made Freud overjoyed to give up his “neurotica” and confirm the inauguration of a new knowledge – psychoanalysis.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"75 1","pages":"121 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48227779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1971907
Anbereen Hasan
ABSTRACT This paper is written by a South Asian, Muslim, female immigrant. She became a naturalized American citizen in 1996. The author has had a twenty-one-year career at the CIA, ascending to its senior ranks. The paper attempts to illuminate how the author was able to meet the challenges of self-fragmentation and othering, in the aftermath of the unprecedented events of 9/11.
{"title":"A CIA Operative’s Personal Reflections on 9/11","authors":"Anbereen Hasan","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1971907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1971907","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is written by a South Asian, Muslim, female immigrant. She became a naturalized American citizen in 1996. The author has had a twenty-one-year career at the CIA, ascending to its senior ranks. The paper attempts to illuminate how the author was able to meet the challenges of self-fragmentation and othering, in the aftermath of the unprecedented events of 9/11.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"75 1","pages":"156 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42935407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1971903
E. Mahon
ABSTRACT The global psychological impact of the events of September 11, 2001 are extremely difficult to measure statistically, and impossible for any one researcher to accomplish successfully. The narrower focus that the study of a few cases can offer, while less ambitious, can find, perhaps in depth, what it lacks in scope. In that spirit, this essay focuses on four individuals, two children and two adults and their distinctly individual reactions. One finding of such an impressionistic study is that it is quite difficult to separate the impact of one specific trauma from other developmental or psychoanalytic factors, which will come as no surprise to students of development or psychoanalysis. That said, the four individuals studied in this essay manage trauma in their own unique ways, suggesting that while trauma can challenge and impinge on character it cannot anticipate the resilience that redresses it with as many strategies as there are individual minds to deploy them. The four clinical descriptions in this essay emphasize this point in a graphic manner.
{"title":"Memory and Its Entanglements: A Psychoanalytic Meditation on Terror and Aftermath","authors":"E. Mahon","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1971903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1971903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The global psychological impact of the events of September 11, 2001 are extremely difficult to measure statistically, and impossible for any one researcher to accomplish successfully. The narrower focus that the study of a few cases can offer, while less ambitious, can find, perhaps in depth, what it lacks in scope. In that spirit, this essay focuses on four individuals, two children and two adults and their distinctly individual reactions. One finding of such an impressionistic study is that it is quite difficult to separate the impact of one specific trauma from other developmental or psychoanalytic factors, which will come as no surprise to students of development or psychoanalysis. That said, the four individuals studied in this essay manage trauma in their own unique ways, suggesting that while trauma can challenge and impinge on character it cannot anticipate the resilience that redresses it with as many strategies as there are individual minds to deploy them. The four clinical descriptions in this essay emphasize this point in a graphic manner.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"75 1","pages":"46 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41437537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1971905
D. Schechter
ABSTRACT This paper marks the 20th anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It makes the link between the author’s research, which explored the impact of those events on intergenerational trauma and traumatic stress, and the clinical dilemmas that the author encountered in treating Iraqi and Afghan refugees presently. Importantly, the refugee status of these patients was in part linked to the retaliatory actions of the United States in the wake of 9/11. The original hypotheses from the 2003 book, September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds are reviewed with previously unreported clinical vignettes that were a part of the author’s research. The impact of the author’s own experiences is highlighted as he approaches his psychotherapeutic work with Iraqi and Afghan postwar refugees in Switzerland. The author presents two case examples of patients in psychoanalytically oriented parent-infant psychotherapy. He demonstrates how trauma, attachment, development, and ruptures of intersubjectivity between parent and infant as well as between parent-infant dyad and analyst must be considered in the treatment of these complex cases.
{"title":"Traumatized Refugee Parents and Infants Considered from Within and Without: The Iraq and Afghanistan Wars as Unexpected Legacies of the September 11th Attacks 20 Years Later","authors":"D. Schechter","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1971905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1971905","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper marks the 20th anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It makes the link between the author’s research, which explored the impact of those events on intergenerational trauma and traumatic stress, and the clinical dilemmas that the author encountered in treating Iraqi and Afghan refugees presently. Importantly, the refugee status of these patients was in part linked to the retaliatory actions of the United States in the wake of 9/11. The original hypotheses from the 2003 book, September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds are reviewed with previously unreported clinical vignettes that were a part of the author’s research. The impact of the author’s own experiences is highlighted as he approaches his psychotherapeutic work with Iraqi and Afghan postwar refugees in Switzerland. The author presents two case examples of patients in psychoanalytically oriented parent-infant psychotherapy. He demonstrates how trauma, attachment, development, and ruptures of intersubjectivity between parent and infant as well as between parent-infant dyad and analyst must be considered in the treatment of these complex cases.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"75 1","pages":"74 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1971906
J. Whitebrook
ABSTRACT Reflecting on developments that have occurred in the twenty years since 9/11, this paper attempts to refine a conception of what might be called psychoanalytic secularism. It does so by addressing a specific question: How can the field do justice to the demands that are raised by religion without violating the standpoint of science? Following Loewald, it argues not only that the profession’s historical failure to do justice to the topic of religion was a result of its general adherence to Freud’s “official” position, but also that the preoedipal turn has provided us with the resources to correct that failure which does not abandon a scientific stance.
{"title":"In Defense of Curiosity: Some Thoughts on Psychoanalysis and Secularism on the 20th Anniversary of September 11th","authors":"J. Whitebrook","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1971906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1971906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reflecting on developments that have occurred in the twenty years since 9/11, this paper attempts to refine a conception of what might be called psychoanalytic secularism. It does so by addressing a specific question: How can the field do justice to the demands that are raised by religion without violating the standpoint of science? Following Loewald, it argues not only that the profession’s historical failure to do justice to the topic of religion was a result of its general adherence to Freud’s “official” position, but also that the preoedipal turn has provided us with the resources to correct that failure which does not abandon a scientific stance.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"75 1","pages":"140 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2020.1859303
H. Wood
ABSTRACT The use of internet pornography combines the pursuit and elaboration of sexual fantasy with masturbation. In adolescence, masturbation with fantasy may be used developmentally to consolidate the adult sexual organization and as “trial action,” a rehearsal for intimacy; in young people who are unable to use masturbation in this way, there may be developmental “deadlock.” For patients presenting with compulsive use of internet pornography, we witness an equivalent state of “deadlock,” in which pornography use has become sterile and repetitive, primarily serving a defensive rather than a developmental function. This defensive use of pornography often starts in adolescence in response to both explicitly sexual and broader emotional challenges. A case example of compulsive use of internet pornography is presented which illustrates the way in which the images viewed, the use made of the electronic device, the timing of the enactment, and the physical experience of sexual arousal and masturbation, may all contribute to a system of defense within the mind. It is proposed that the psychic “satisfaction” from the operation of these systems of defense underpins the unconscious allure of internet pornography; this combines with the sexual gratification from masturbation and orgasm to contribute to the “addictive” quality of internet pornography.
{"title":"The Unconscious Allure of Internet Pornography in Adolescence and Adulthood","authors":"H. Wood","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2020.1859303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of internet pornography combines the pursuit and elaboration of sexual fantasy with masturbation. In adolescence, masturbation with fantasy may be used developmentally to consolidate the adult sexual organization and as “trial action,” a rehearsal for intimacy; in young people who are unable to use masturbation in this way, there may be developmental “deadlock.” For patients presenting with compulsive use of internet pornography, we witness an equivalent state of “deadlock,” in which pornography use has become sterile and repetitive, primarily serving a defensive rather than a developmental function. This defensive use of pornography often starts in adolescence in response to both explicitly sexual and broader emotional challenges. A case example of compulsive use of internet pornography is presented which illustrates the way in which the images viewed, the use made of the electronic device, the timing of the enactment, and the physical experience of sexual arousal and masturbation, may all contribute to a system of defense within the mind. It is proposed that the psychic “satisfaction” from the operation of these systems of defense underpins the unconscious allure of internet pornography; this combines with the sexual gratification from masturbation and orgasm to contribute to the “addictive” quality of internet pornography.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"74 1","pages":"145 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46203118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2020.1859294
Caroline M. Sehon
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic, mid-March 2020, catapulted us into a new frontier of distance analysis and teletherapy as an emergency response to preserve continuity with both children and adults. The digital screen served as a metaphorical mask that protected the analytic couple from transmitting COVID-19 to one another, but patients and analysts alike were thrust into a shared catastrophic trauma. This paper will describe a four-times weekly, teleanalytic journey over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic with a seven-year-old child that built upon a three-year, in-office analysis. Rather than regarding teleanalysis as an experimental treatment, this paper illustrates ways children can employ technology as a play object, transference and countertransference can be analyzed online, and teleanalysis can be an effective and periodic alternative to in-office work with a vulnerable child population even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Technology as a Play Object in Teleanalysis with Young Children","authors":"Caroline M. Sehon","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2020.1859294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic, mid-March 2020, catapulted us into a new frontier of distance analysis and teletherapy as an emergency response to preserve continuity with both children and adults. The digital screen served as a metaphorical mask that protected the analytic couple from transmitting COVID-19 to one another, but patients and analysts alike were thrust into a shared catastrophic trauma. This paper will describe a four-times weekly, teleanalytic journey over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic with a seven-year-old child that built upon a three-year, in-office analysis. Rather than regarding teleanalysis as an experimental treatment, this paper illustrates ways children can employ technology as a play object, transference and countertransference can be analyzed online, and teleanalysis can be an effective and periodic alternative to in-office work with a vulnerable child population even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"74 1","pages":"26 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47894434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2020.1859283
A. Lemma
ABSTRACT This introduction summarizes the research on the impact of online pornography on sexual health and relationships in young people. I suggest that the difference between pre-Internet and online pornography is not in any straightforward sense only one of degree. I argue that this is because the online medium changes the young person’s relationship to the sexual materials by providing a virtual space within which sexual desire is gratified quickly and non-reflectively, undermining the capacity to mentalize one’s own sexual desire and that of the other.
{"title":"Introduction - Becoming Sexual in Digital Times: The Risks and Harms of Online Pornography","authors":"A. Lemma","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2020.1859283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This introduction summarizes the research on the impact of online pornography on sexual health and relationships in young people. I suggest that the difference between pre-Internet and online pornography is not in any straightforward sense only one of degree. I argue that this is because the online medium changes the young person’s relationship to the sexual materials by providing a virtual space within which sexual desire is gratified quickly and non-reflectively, undermining the capacity to mentalize one’s own sexual desire and that of the other.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"74 1","pages":"118 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2020.1859287
Monisha C. Nayar-Akhtar
ABSTRACT The use of digital technology by children, adolescents, and adults is now ubiquitous. Unfortunately, many child analysts have had little training in how to understand and work when their young patients introduce such technology into the clinical setting. In this article, I present two cases describing my work with latency-age children who engaged with me using digital modalities. Separated by almost a decade, the two cases together exemplify how the interaction among technological advances, changing cultural attitudes, and my personal and professional development impacted how I worked with each child. I discuss the importance of tuning into emergence and use of digital technology in the analytic space, which I refer to as the “third reality,” which is separate from the child’s experiences of his/her inner world and environment. I demonstrate how allowing my child patients to access digital devices and media within sessions facilitated more meaningful connection, deeper exploration of identities, and opportunities for expression and transformation of powerful feelings. I emphasize the importance of these analytic encounters in influencing the developmental trajectory of my professional identity.
{"title":"Digital Technology and the Third Reality: Its Ubiquitous Presence in the Analytic Space","authors":"Monisha C. Nayar-Akhtar","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2020.1859287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of digital technology by children, adolescents, and adults is now ubiquitous. Unfortunately, many child analysts have had little training in how to understand and work when their young patients introduce such technology into the clinical setting. In this article, I present two cases describing my work with latency-age children who engaged with me using digital modalities. Separated by almost a decade, the two cases together exemplify how the interaction among technological advances, changing cultural attitudes, and my personal and professional development impacted how I worked with each child. I discuss the importance of tuning into emergence and use of digital technology in the analytic space, which I refer to as the “third reality,” which is separate from the child’s experiences of his/her inner world and environment. I demonstrate how allowing my child patients to access digital devices and media within sessions facilitated more meaningful connection, deeper exploration of identities, and opportunities for expression and transformation of powerful feelings. I emphasize the importance of these analytic encounters in influencing the developmental trajectory of my professional identity.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"74 1","pages":"335 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00797308.2020.1859287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.1836912
S. Cohen
ABSTRACT This paper is a tribute and exploration of the contributions of two hidden but important figures in the history and development of North American child psychoanalysis, Marie H. Briehl and Rosetta Hurwitz. These early child psychoanalytic pioneers were the author’s great-aunts. They trained as young lay analysts in Vienna with Anna Freud and other key Viennese psychoanalysts between 1924 and 1930, and were among the original group to study with Ms. Freud. The author considers various significant aspects of her great-aunt’s childhoods that played a large part in the spirit of their determination to go to Vienna. She looks at their beginnings in a large socialist family, later as teachers, at their passion for the development of children, and their recognition of the limitation of pure pedagogy in reaching certain children in the classroom. The author takes the reader through Marie’s and Rose’s studies in Vienna and the difficulties of acceptance as lay analysts upon their return to New York City. While Rose practiced quietly in New York, this paper highlights Marie’s contributions to child psychoanalysis including the development of one of the first child analytic training programs in Los Angeles, as well as her strong belief in the qualities necessary to do good child psychoanalytic work.
{"title":"Marie H. Briehl and Rosetta Hurwitz: Pioneers in North American Child Psychoanalysis","authors":"S. Cohen","doi":"10.1080/00797308.2021.1836912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2021.1836912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a tribute and exploration of the contributions of two hidden but important figures in the history and development of North American child psychoanalysis, Marie H. Briehl and Rosetta Hurwitz. These early child psychoanalytic pioneers were the author’s great-aunts. They trained as young lay analysts in Vienna with Anna Freud and other key Viennese psychoanalysts between 1924 and 1930, and were among the original group to study with Ms. Freud. The author considers various significant aspects of her great-aunt’s childhoods that played a large part in the spirit of their determination to go to Vienna. She looks at their beginnings in a large socialist family, later as teachers, at their passion for the development of children, and their recognition of the limitation of pure pedagogy in reaching certain children in the classroom. The author takes the reader through Marie’s and Rose’s studies in Vienna and the difficulties of acceptance as lay analysts upon their return to New York City. While Rose practiced quietly in New York, this paper highlights Marie’s contributions to child psychoanalysis including the development of one of the first child analytic training programs in Los Angeles, as well as her strong belief in the qualities necessary to do good child psychoanalytic work.","PeriodicalId":45962,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Study of the Child","volume":"74 1","pages":"294 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00797308.2021.1836912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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