Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

The occurrence of uncontrolled hemorrhage and wound infection represents a significant cause of mortality in military and clinical settings, particularly in instances of traumatic injury. In this regard, developing an effective method to facilitate rapid hemostasis and treat infected wounds is of significant importance and value. In this study, we developed a novel strategy for the one-step manufacturing and crosslinking of gelatin (Gel)/Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) bioactive nanofibrous sponge through electrospinning with a homemade liquid vortex collector. Attributed to the addition of a specific ratio of tannic acid (TA) in the electrospinning solution, the resulting gelatin-tannic acid-Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharide (GelTa-PSP) nanofibrous sponges can be in-situ crosslinked during the electrospinning process and easily collected in the expected shape and size, without the need for any toxic crosslinking agent for post-treatment. We demonstrate that GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges possess excellent water absorption and hemostatic properties, adequate antimicrobial activity, and favorable biocompatibility. Specifically, the GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges encourage blood cell adhesion and exhibit strong hemostatic capabilities. In comparison to medical gauze, the GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges provide effective procoagulant function and hemostatic impact in rat tail-breaking and liver injury models. Moreover, due to the bioactivity of Chinese herbal medicine flavonoid polysaccharides, the GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges demonstrated enhanced performance in wound healing of infected rats. These findings suggest that GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges hold significant potential as a biomaterial for clinical applications in hemostasis and wound healing.

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Schematic illustration showing the preparation of GelTa-PSP nanofibrous sponges and its application for rapid hemostasis and infected wound healing

Peri-implantitis is the main reason for dental implant failure. Optimizing electroactivity at the interface between dental implants and tissue is essential for enhancing integration and preventing bacterial invasion. Here, a bioinspired piezoelectric-conductive integrated peri-implant gingiva (PiG) with simultaneously enhanced antibacterial efficacy and soft-tissue integration, which is based on a flexible piezoelectric film and conductive polymer network, is presented. The piezoelectricity of PiG is achieved through the electrospinning of polyvinylidene fluoride/BaTiO₃/MXene on a polydopamine-modified plasma-activated Ti surface, whereas the conductive property of PiG is achieved by the in situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomers. Under ultrasonic irradiation, PiG can promote the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species, thus achieving synergistic and efficient piezodynamic killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Additionally, piezoelectricity-enabled electrical stimulation endows PiG with enhanced fibroblasts adhesion, proliferation, and collagen secretion. As a demonstration, ultrasound irradiation of PiG-grafted Ti implanted in a subcutaneous implantation rat model efficiently eliminates the S. aureus infection and rescues the implant with increased soft-tissue integration. The concept of an artificial PiG is anticipated to open new avenues for the development of high-performance implant materials, potentially extending their lifespans.

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Electrospun fiber membranes enable oil–water emulsion separation via tunable morphology and chemistry, yet most face an efficiency–permeability trade-off where enhancing one compromises the other. Herein, optimized membranes (C-NFO@GDY) are synthesized with a uniform honeycomb nanostructure of graphdiyne (GDY) on flexible coal-based preoxidized fibers (C-NFO) through the Glaser‒Hay coupling reaction. The honeycomb nanostructure of GDY effectively disperses external stress on the C-NFO fibers, increasing the tensile strength from 2.8 to 3.2 MPa. In addition, the nanostructure enhances hydration layer formation kinetics, achieving superhydrophilicity (0°) and underwater superoleophobicity (> 150°) of the membrane. When tested against three surfactant-stabilized emulsions (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80)), the membranes demonstrated separation fluxes of 2936 L/(m² h), 2149 L/(m² h), and 1855 L/(m² h), and the corresponding separation efficiencies were 99.6%, 96.6%, and 93.1%. For CTAB-stabilized emulsions, the C-NFO@GDY membrane (zeta potential: − 65.2 mV) exhibits strong electrostatic attraction with cationic surfactants, achieving a high flux of 2936 L/(m² h) and a separation efficiency of 99.6%, surpassing those of recently reported MXene and PANI composites under identical conditions. Overall, the synergy between honeycomb nanostructure and electronegativity of GDY overcomes the flux–efficiency trade-off, offering new ideas for the preparation of oil–water separation membranes.

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Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a transformative technology for converting low-frequency mechanical energy into electrical power, offering promising applications in electronic skins, human–machine interfaces, and advanced healthcare systems. However, achieving structural robustness and multifunctionality in thermal regulation remains a persistent challenge for TENG-based skin electronics. This deficiency compromises the charge transfer efficiency and diminishes user comfort during prolonged wear. This study introduces a novel thermally regulating triboelectric nanogenerator (TR-TENG) in the form of a bilayer electronic textile (e-textile) fabricated through a semi-bonding assembly approach. The e-textile comprises two distinct layers: nonwoven styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) textiles loaded with highly reflective and electronegative polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) nanoparticles (NPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers embedded with emissive and electropositive SiO₂ NPs. These layers are merged via hot-press needle punching, creating a flexible, permeable yet robust interface capable of dual functionalities—enhanced solar reflection and efficient infrared emission—while maintaining stable triboelectric performance. When utilized as a skin-attachable self-powered motion sensor, this e-textile provides a remarkable passive radiative cooling effect and high-fidelity recognition of both high-frequency and subtle motions (swallowing, running, breathing, etc.). This TR-TENG e-textile presents a breakthrough in self-powered and comfortable electronics for next-generation healthcare technologies.

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Developing electronic skin (e-skin) with extraordinary sensing capabilities through biomimetic strategies holds significant potential for distributed wearable electronics in the Internet of Things and human–machine interaction. However, moisture accumulation at the surface between e-skin and human skin severly affects the stability and accuracy of sensing signals. Thermal-moisture comfort and stable functional interfaces of e-skins are still great challenges that need to be addressed. Herein, inspired by the dual-sided structure of lotus leaf, we demonstrate an unidirectional water transport e-skin (UWTES) by constructing a gradient structure of porosity and hydrophilicity using one-step electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (TPU/PVDF-HFP) with an alloyed liquid metal-based (LM-Ag) electrode. A UWTES textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator (UT-TENG) exhibits a maximum open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and power density of 188.7 V, 18.89 μA and 4.73 mW/m², respectively. Additionally, a temperature visualization system for UWTES textile (TUWTES) enables real-time monitoring and displays of body temperature during intense physical activity. Through a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), the gait motion recognition system achieves a highly accuracy of 99.7%. This design strategy provides new insights into the development of integrated smart textiles with improved thermal-moisture comfort and user-friendliness.

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The advancement of fiber materials over the centuries has played a crucial role in the progress of human civilization. Smart polymer fibers (SPFs) are a revolutionary family of materials with sensory, feedback, and responsive attributes to chemical and physical stimuli, and are characterized by diverse microscopic structures. Multidimensional fiber microstructures have been fabricated by sophisticated preparation technologies, such as electrospinning, wet spinning, and microfluidic spinning, resulting in SPFs with responsiveness to various stimuli, such as thermal, pH, light, electricity, moisture, magnetic field, and multiple stimuli-responsive properties. In the past decade, cross-disciplinary developments in the refinement, intellectualization, and functionalization of SPFs and notable progress in the fibers' microstructure and stimuli-responsive properties have enabled wide applications in biomedicine, smart textiles, sensors, and water treatment. Herein, to comprehensively facilitate SPFs development in multidisciplinary and multifunctional domains, we elaborate on the correlation among material classification, microstructures formed by common preparation processes, stimuli-responsive properties, and their comprehensive applications. Finally, we aim to inspire scientists with diverse research backgrounds to apply multidisciplinary knowledge to promote the development and industrialization of SPFs.

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Lead-free barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanofiber material is an attractive functional material. However, as a ceramic material, its inherent brittleness significantly limits its widespread application. Herein, we optimized the solution blow spinning process using aerodynamic simulations, enabling the efficient fabrication of layered barium titanate/aluminum oxide (BaTiO₃/Al₂O₃) ceramic nanofiber aerogels. The incorporation of amorphous Al₂O₃ repaired the defects in the nanofibers, providing aerogels with outstanding mechanical properties. For example, these aerogels can support nearly 1000 times their own weight, exhibit a tensile strain of 11%, and demonstrate exceptional compressive resilience and fatigue resistance. Additionally, the aerogels demonstrated superior performance in flexible electronics, thermal protection, sound absorption, and high-temperature filtration. This research paves the way for the large-scale production and extensive application of flexible piezoelectric ceramic aerogels.

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Silver-based materials are renowned for their superior electrical conductivity and dielectric loss, which enhance electromagnetic (EM) shielding. However, challenges such as poor impedance matching and lack of flexibility limit their practical deployment. Microstructural engineering may hold the key to overcoming these hurdles by allowing precise control over impedance and loss properties, yet developing such materials that are both lightweight and flexible remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we developed a silver-doped flexible electromagnetic (EM) shielding porous membrane (PMA-3-1000) using a dynamic pyrolysis approach applied to a metal-azolate polymer. This method precisely controls porosity and conductivity, enhancing silver integration for exceptional EM shielding, achieving − 57 dB effectiveness and 99.998% efficiency. The membrane also demonstrates excellent performance in Joule heating and rapid photothermal conversion, reaching 110 °C in just 10 s under 1 kW/m². The Ag-doped porous fibers in a 3D dense structure synergistically enhance multi-reflection attenuation and electrical conductivity, while the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect from silver nanoparticles boosts Joule heating and photothermal properties. This lightweight and versatile membrane shows immense potential for military, aerospace and other high-performance applications, heralding new opportunities for multifunctional electromagnetic shielding solutions.

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TOC The utility model pertains to a multifunctional porous nanofiber film that integrates electromagnetic shielding capabilities, Joule heating properties, photothermal characteristics, and light hydrophobicity.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is becoming commonplace with the development of modern electronics. In this work, a series of conductive polymer composite fabrics that have high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), high mechanical strength, and resilience to adverse conditions were prepared. Crosslinked hyperbranched polyamidoamine (referred to as xHP-Q_y) was used to create a conductive Ag layer tightly bound to the underlying matrix of poly(meta-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA). The morphology and physicochemical properties of the starting materials, intermediates, and the final PMIA/xHP-Q_y/Ag fabrics were characterized extensively. The PMIA matrix and the Ag layer were connected by the xHP-Q_y that had a distinct antenna-shaped structure. The lowest resistivity and highest EMI SE of the fabrics were 2.37 × 10⁻³ Ω·cm and 107.66 dB, respectively. It was further verified by finite element simulation that the PMIA/xHP-Q_y/Ag had an exceptional EMI shielding performance. The fabrics maintained their superior performance despite harsh environments (high/low temperature, high humidity, strong acid/alkali, solvents, salt spray corrosion) or mechanical deformations (bending-stretching, winding-releasing, abrading). The developed strategy thus created access to resilient functional materials suitable for use in highly demanding scenarios.

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