Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as a key technology for next-generation wearable devices due to their uniform light emission, stable performance under stretching conditions, and various flexible substrates. This paper introduces stretchable OLEDs fabricated with laser-cut kirigami patterns and a multifunctional encapsulation multilayer (MEM) barrier. These OLEDs were subsequently transferred onto textiles. These stretchable OLEDs achieved a remarkable stretchability of up to 150% through optimized kirigami pattern and maintained 100% stretchability when integrated with textiles, preserving the flexibility of a textile substrate. Additionally, the MEM barrier provided ultraviolet (UV) reflection and waterproof properties, ensuring reliable performance in harsh environments. Stretchable OLEDs and stretchable fabric OLEDs demonstrated a high luminance of 18,983 cd/m² and 10,205 cd/m², with minimal emission variation under stretched conditions. Furthermore, the potential of stretchable fabric OLEDs for wearable healthcare applications was evaluated by measuring photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Stable PPG signals were successfully obtained at a 20% stretched state. Adjusting light source intensity effectively compensated for signal quality degradation caused by stretching. These findings highlight the significant potential of stretchable fabric OLEDs for wearable devices and photodiagnostic platforms, offering broad applicability across diverse fields.

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Natural and synthetic fibers with helical structures have received widespread attention in the fields of materials science and engineering, and important research progress has been achieved in recent years. By regulating the structure and composition, researchers design and prepare helical-structured fiber materials with unique functions and properties. It provides new possibilities for applications in fields such as flexible electronic devices and smart textiles. In general, the research progress of helical structure carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers involves many fields, including material preparation, functional design, application development, etc., providing new ideas and directions for the future development of materials science and engineering. In this paper, different preparation methods, structural characteristics, properties and applications of macroscopic CNT helical fibers are reviewed and analyzed. We focus on the application progress of CNT helical fibers and involve some natural fibers and polymer fibers. Areas of research include artificial muscles, sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedicine. It offers insights into future developments of CNT helical fibers and proposes solutions to challenges faced in practical applications.

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Fabrics have attracted significant attention in the field of electromagnetic shielding due to their unique grid structure, high electrical conductivity, and flexibility. To enrich the research of textiles for microwave absorption, two-dimensional transition metal carbide (MXene)-enhanced reduced graphene oxide-based fabrics (MXene/RGO fabrics) were synthesized in this paper by using wet spinning–ionic cross-linking–chemical reduction strategy. MXene/RGO fabrics achieve a minimum reflection loss of − 58.3 dB at 17.6 GHz and a thickness of 2.4 mm, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.92 GHz. In addition, the combination of electromagnetic finite element simulation technology and test results was used to further elucidate the response mode and loss mechanism of MXene/RGO fabrics. The MXene/RGO composite fibers exhibit a tuned attenuation ability and impedance matching performance, which is attributed to the increased polarization relaxation loss caused by the large number of heterogeneous interfaces between RGO, MXene, and TiO₂ particles, as well as the appropriate electrical conductivity (16.6 S/cm). MXene/RGO fibers exhibit excellent microwave absorption performance, mechanical strength (534 MPa), easy modification, and fatigue resistance, promising stable absorption of electromagnetic waves in complex environments, thereby expanding the application scenarios of fabrics in the field of microwave absorption.

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Silicon carbide (SiC) porous materials possess exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities. In recent years, various SiC-based wave-absorbing materials have been developed. However, their inherent brittleness restricts their applications, posing an ongoing challenge in balancing wave absorption with mechanical performance. Herein, a templated chemical vapor deposition strategy was employed to fabricate hierarchical hollow SiC micro/nanofiber sponges (HHSMSs). The directional growth and orderly arrangement of SiC nanorods on the template fibers construct a micro–nano-structured SiC shell layer. By controlling the reaction time, the thickness of this shell layer can be tuned between 0.4 and 3.1 µm. Moreover, during the deposition process, an amorphous SiO_x structure tends to form on the outer surface of the fibers. Owing to this amorphous SiO_x structure, HHSMSs demonstrate excellent flexibility and elasticity, allowing them to be bent by 180° and compressed by 60%. In addition, the hierarchical hollow structure enhances impedance matching, resulting in superior electromagnetic wave absorption with a minimum reflection loss of −51.8 dB and an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.6 GHz. These properties highlight the potential of these flexible, broadband-absorbing sponges for stealth and electromagnetic interference shielding in high-temperature environments.

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High tensile and compressive strengths are essential for fiber-reinforced plastic utilized in complex loading conditions. However, it is challenging to produce aramid fibers with both high tensile and compressive strengths. In the present work, graphene oxide modified with p-phenylenediamine (GO-PPDA) was introduced to simultaneously increase the tensile strength (up to 6.75 GPa) and compressive strength (up to 676.8 MPa) of the heterocyclic aramid fibers. GO-PPDA covalently links polymer molecular chains via amine groups, inducing a regular alignment that enhances crystallinity and orientation. Multi-scale characterization indicates that the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) enhances interfacial interactions among molecular chains, nanofibers, and fibril bundles, resulting in reduced sheath-core structural disparity and increased fiber densification. Atomistic simulations demonstrate that the enhancements in orientation, densification, and interfacial interactions of the building blocks contribute to the simultaneous improvement in both the tensile and compressive strengths of composite fibers. Finally, we demonstrate that the exceptional mechanical properties of these fibers can be effectively transferred to their composite materials, which is crucial for practical applications.

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The novel heterocyclic aramid fibers containing GO were prepared via in-situ polymerization and wet spinning. GO-PPDA-2/AF exhibits an ultra-high tensile strength of 6.75 GPa and compressive strength of 676.8 MPa, with high-performance tows produced in batches. These exceptional mechanical properties can be effectively transferred to composite materials.

Rehabilitation devices that integrate pressure sensors can measure vital metrics such as muscle activities and body posture, allowing patients to perform rehabilitation exercises independently without the need for constant professional oversight. However, traditional devices are commonly constructed based on thin-film plastics and rely on external power sources that are housed in bulky encapsulation cases, compromising user inconvenience and discomfort when worn for rehabilitation activities. While textile-based sensors with self-powering capabilities offer comfort and mobility without external power sources, their sensitivity and sensing range for pressure changes fall short compared to those counterparts. To address this challenge, we herein introduce a skin-inspired, permeable, structure-gradient fiber mat (SGFM) for triboelectric pressure-sensing textiles. Permeable SGFM, created through template-assisted layer-by-layer electrospinning, mimics human skin's rigidity-to-softness mechanical transition. Such a structural design can effectively enhance the dielectric and compressive properties of SGFM, thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the SGFM-based triboelectric pressure sensing textiles over a broad sensing range (0.068 kPa⁻¹ in 0–53 kPa, 0.013 kPa⁻¹ in 53–660 kPa). Notably, the electrospun fibrous structure of SGFM provides pressure sensing textiles with promising moisture permeability, ensuring a comfortable wearing experience. As a proof-of-concept demonstration of applications, SGFM was incorporated into a wearable rehabilitation monitoring system to detect quadriceps, pulse, and plantar pressures for posture tracking and correction, displaying substantial potential for enhancing the efficiency of rehabilitation assistance.

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A permeable, multilayered structure-gradient fiber mat (SGFM) for triboelectric pressure-sensing textiles is proposed. Permeable SGFM, created through template-assisted layer-by-layer electrospinning, mimics human skin's rigidity-to-softness mechanical transition. Such a structural design can effectively enhance the sensitivity of the SGFM-based triboelectric pressure sensing textiles over a broad sensing range. As a proof-of-concept demonstration of applications, SGFM was incorporated into a wearable rehabilitation monitoring system to detect quadriceps, pulse, and plantar pressures for posture tracking and correction, displaying substantial potential for enhancing the efficiency of rehabilitation assistance.

A natural user interface (NUI) with ample information perception capability is a crucial element for the next-generation human–machine interaction and the development of the intelligent era. However, significant challenges remain to be solved in developing intelligent and natural interfaces with satisfactory smart sensing performance. Here, we report an NUI based on an intelligent fabric bracelet empowered with wide-range pressure detectability, enabling invisible and efficient human–machine interaction. The wide-range pressure-sensing ability of the fiber-based pressure sensor can be attributed to the coupling mechanism of contact resistance change and quantum tunneling effect. The fiber-based sensor array is then integrated with a miniaturized wireless flexible printed circuit board, forming an intelligent and compact fabric bracelet system for natural interactive applications in wireless smart home control and virtual reality. It is envisioned that the NUI based on the pressure-sensitive and intelligent fabric bracelet will significantly contribute to the development of next-generation NUIs for more diversified control and interactive applications.

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Compared with those traditional initiating devices of anti-scalding systems, ionic thermoelectric sensors with energy-autonomous performance show higher reliability. However, the current ionic thermoelectric materials (i-TEs) suffer from complex nano-/micro-channel design, high production costs, environmentally unfriendly, weak mechanical properties, as well as the low moving speed of ions. Herein, the functional leather collagen fibers-bearing natural channels are employed as the polymer matrixes, while the trisodium citrate (SC) organic acid salt exhibits the function of cationic moving self-enhancement as the primary mobile ions for signaling. Including numerous and suitable nano-/micro-channels together with fast-moving cations, the leather-based i-TEs (LITE), LITE-SC_0.75 M, possess excellent thermoelectric properties, achieving a Seebeck coefficient of 6.23 mV/K, a figure of merit of 0.084, and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.12%. Combined with its excellent thermal stability, mechanical performance, flexibility, durability, low cost, and outstanding capabilities for low-grade heat harvesting and thermal sensing, the LITE-SC_0.75 M detector bearing long service life would show great promise in automatic anti-scalding alarm suitable for multiple scenarios and extreme environments. Therefore, the present work aims to design an efficient, robust, and energy-autonomous leather collagen fibers-based thermoelectric detector to address the limitation of current anti-scalding alarm technology as well as drive advancements in the nano-energy and its effective conversion field.

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The robust leather collagen fibers-based ionic thermoelectric (i-TEs) detectors with numerous nano-/micro-channels and fast-moving cations are successfully constructed, which demonstrate great potential for automatic anti-scalding applications in various scenarios and extreme environments

Although the application of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology in the field of seawater desalination has seen rapid progress in recent years, mediocre water evaporation rates remain a longstanding bottleneck. The key to resolving this bottleneck is leveraging strong hydrogen bonding to reduce the enthalpy of evaporation for water molecules and inputting environmental energy. This study presents a novel approach for reducing the enthalpy of vaporization by introducing a hydrophilic inorganic material Al(H₂PO₄)₃ (AP) on the surface of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to form an inorganic‒organic hydrogen-bonded network in cellulose-based hydrogels (labeled 3DL Metagel). This network structure accelerates the diffusion of water molecules between CNF, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, inspired by multiple biological traits found in nature, the 3DL Metagel evaporator integrates a lotus shape, Janus wettability (the superhydrophilic lotus-like flower with hydrophobic lotus-like leaves) and plant transpiration, resulting in superior water evaporation rates of up to 3.61 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ under 1.0 solar radiation (exceeding the limit of two-dimensional evaporators). The unique lotus shape enables 3DL Metagel to draw additional energy from the environment during desalination, resulting in a maximum water evaporation efficiency of 94.94%. The dual porous structure with Janus wettability endows the evaporator with self-floating ability and a unidirectional salt ion reflux channel during the evaporation process, providing a salt-resistant technology for seawater desalination. Noteworthy, evaporator can be used for efficient outdoor water purification in arid areas with extremely low humidity and is biodegradable and biocompatible. The integration of an inorganic‒organic hydrogen-bonded cross-linked network and biomimetic features achieves high-efficiency photothermal water evaporation, offering novel insights for the rational design of efficient evaporators for solar desalination and wastewater purification.

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Developing high-performance aerogels has long been a hot topic in the fields of insulation and thermal protection. Nanofiber aerogels with ultralight weight and high porosity have recently emerged as promising candidates. However, the weak inter-fiber interaction hampers the robustness of the three-dimensional network, resulting in poor overall mechanical properties that hinder their wide adoption. Herein, we propose a novel template-anchored strategy for constructing polyimide hybrid nanofiber aerogels. By utilizing self-supporting chitosan as a sacrificial template, polyimide (PI) nanofibers are directionally interconnected by chemical pre-anchoring and heat treatment, which endows the three-dimensional fiber network with good structural stability. These directly assembled nanofiber aerogels exhibit an adjustable low-density range (12.3–31.5 mg/cm³), excellent compressive resilience and fatigue resistance (with only 7.2% permanent deformation after 100 cycles at 60% strain), demonstrating good shape recovery. Moreover, the complex nanofiber pathway and porous network structure contribute to superior thermal insulation performance with low thermal conductivity (28.5–31.8 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹). Furthermore, the incorporation of polyimide and silica (SiO₂) imparts these hybrid aerogels with remarkable high-temperature resistance and flame retardancy. This study introduces and validates a novel approach for obtaining superelastic and lightweight aerogels, highlighting its promising potential in the realm of high-temperature thermal insulation.

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