Advanced Fiber Materials最新文献

Flexible mechanical sensors offer extensive application prospects in the field of smart wearables. However, developing highly sensitive, flexible mechanical sensors that can simultaneously detect strain and pressure remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a flexible mechanical sensor based on AgNPs/MWCNTsCOOH/PDA/PU/PVB nanofiber-covered yarn (AMPPPNY) featuring a DNA-like double-helix wrinkled structure. The sensor is fabricated by electrospraying polyvinyl butyral (PVB) onto a pre-stretched double-helix elastic yarn, followed by electrospinning a polyurethane (PU) nanofiber membrane and inducing the self-polymerization of dopamine (DA) to create an adhesive layer. Then, one-dimensional carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) and zero-dimensional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are dispersed onto the structure, synergistically forming a stable conductive network for efficient signal transmission. The integration of conductive fillers with different dimensionalities and DNA-like double-helix wrinkled structure endows the sensor with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 11,977) in the strain range of 0–310% and high pressure sensitivity (0.475 kPa⁻¹) in the pressure range of 0–2 kPa. Moreover, the fabricated sensor exhibits rapid response and recovery times (130 ms/135 ms) and outstanding cyclic stability (over 10,000 cycles of both strain and pressure). Next, the fibrous sensor is weaved into a large-area fabric, and the developed smart textiles demonstrate impressive performance in detecting both subtle and large human movements. The proposed sensor is a promising candidate for flexible wearable applications.

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Developing methods to non-destructively deposit conductive materials onto existing objects can enhance their functionalities on-demand. However, designing and creating such structures to accommodate diverse shapes and surface textures of pre-fabricated objects remains challenging. We report an on-demand printing strategy for creating substrate-less, conducting microfiber patterns that can be adaptively deposited onto a wide range of objects, including daily-use stationery, tools, smartwatches, and unconventional materials like porous graphene aerogels. Solution-drawn microfibers are directly deposited onto the object in a semi-wet state upon synthesis, enabling seamless fiber-object integration in a single step. The design and format of the microfiber patterns can be tuned on-demand to adapt to the shapes and surface textures of target objects, ensuring compatibility with user-specific applications. These air-permissive, highly transparent layers minimally obstruct the original appearance and functions of the objects while equipping them with additional sensing, energy conversion, and electronic connectivity capabilities.

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Modulating trained immunity while simultaneously initiating regenerative cues presents a significant challenge in large bone defect therapy. This study introduces a cell-free approach utilizing a 3D microenvironment-responsive scaffold to orchestrate immune reprogramming. To mitigate maladaptive trained immunity and activate regenerative signaling, a composite fibrous scaffold is functionalized with immune-engineered exosomes derived from inflammation-primed mesenchymal stem cells (PSS-iEXO) in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive manner. The PSS-iEXO scaffolds incorporate boronic ester linkages as ROS-sensitive moieties, enabling rapid, dynamic, and “on-demand” exosome release in response to elevated ROS levels characteristic of the early inflammatory phase post-injury, thereby initiating regeneration. In vitro and in vivo analyses reveal that these scaffolds precisely target and modulate maladaptive trained immunity, reprogramming immune responses by shifting macrophage polarization from a hyperactivated type I phenotype to a balanced state while promoting CD4⁺ regulatory T cell activation—both critical for coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Mechanistic insights highlight the role of engineered exosomes in enhancing mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in macrophages, establishing a cell-free immune-regenerative niche for large bone defect therapy.

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Schematic diagram of the fabrication, function, and mechanism of ROS-responsive 3D electrospun nanofiber scaffolds loaded with immunoengineered exosomes (PSS-iEXO) for promoting large bone repair.

With the increasing global energy consumption and cooling demands, traditional active cooling technologies face inefficiency and environmental challenges. Recently published in Science, a team led by Prof. Hai-bo Zhao has proposed and developed a biomass-based photoluminescent aerogel made from DNA and gelatin to address these challenges. This material achieves a solar-weighted reflectance of over 100% (0.4–0.8 μm) and provides a cooling effect of 16.0 °C under sunlight. This sustainable material is repairable, recyclable, and biodegradable, offering significant potential for energy-efficient buildings and wearable cooling devices.

With the accelerated development of global industrialization, environmental issues, such as airborne and water pollution caused by suspended solid particulate matter (PM) seriously endanger ecosystems and human health. Fibrous filtration and separation membranes provide an effective approach to pollution treatment, yet they still face challenges in efficient and high-flux purification of highly permeable ultrafine particles. Herein, an ultrafine nanofiber-based membrane with rational hierarchical networks is designed for both air and water filtration. Through the proposed jet branching electrospinning strategy, a multiscale fiber membrane consisting of ultrafine nanofibers, medium fibers, and coarse submicron fibers is prepared. It possesses the merits of ultrafine fiber diameter, ultralow pore size, high specific surface area, and unique hybrid structure. Benefiting from these features, the obtained multiscale fibrous filter shows superior PM_0.3 air filtration performance (99.96% PM_0.3 removal, low pressure drop of 89 Pa) and water filtration capacity (ultrafine particle rejection efficiency of 99.50%, water flux of 9028.84 L m⁻² h⁻¹). Moreover, the controllable structure of a multiscale fiber filter also endows itself with stable and durable filtration capacity. This work may provide meaningful references for the development of high-performance filtration and separation materials.

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Panvascular diseases, sharing atherosclerosis as a common pathological basis, pose a significant threat to human health. Flexible fibers combined with sensing elements become implantable and interventional smart fibers with monitoring and intervention capabilities. Due to the prolonged course of panvascular diseases, higher requirements are imposed on the monitoring-intervention closed-loop system of flexible fibers—high suitcordance (a combination of short-term suitability and long-term concordance). Suitcordance implies that novel flexible fibers must meet the traditional concept of compatibility and satisfy the new requirement of long-term co-regulation of fiber-vascular fate. This review introduces emerging flexible fiber electronic devices with exceptional performance related to panvascular diseases. These devices adapt well to the complex panvascular environment and provide ideal technical support for real-time, non-invasive, and continuous health monitoring-treatment. However, existing devices have limitations, and future research should focus on developing novel flexible smart fibers based on the clinical needs of panvascular diseases.

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Flexible fiber technology can revolutionize the panvascular medical paradigm.

Flexible fiber technology aids in promptly identifying panvascular disease indicators, enabling better personalized treatment.

Further developments include wireless design, miniaturization, multifunction, artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, virtual medicine, customized healthcare, etc., and the integration of monitoring-intervention closed-loop functions.

Repairing abdominal wall defects presents significant challenges, due to the high infection risk, poor biocompatibility, and insufficient mechanical strength associated with synthetic materials. To overcome these limitations, we developed a bioinspired multifunctional 3DPF patch by integrating 3D printing and electrospinning technologies. The core material of the patch is 4arm-PLGA-GPO (4A-GPO), synthesized by conjugating the Gly-Pro-Hyp (GPO) peptide sequence with 4arm-PLGA(4A), which significantly enhances bioactivity and mechanical properties. Additionally, the patch encapsulates basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to stimulate cell proliferation and migration, while an antibacterial layer composes of emodin (EMO) and tobramycin to prevent infection. In vivo studies demonstrate the 3DPF patch effectively accelerates tissue repair by reducing fibrosis and adhesions, promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition, and modulating the immune response. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the patch downregulates IL-17 mediated inflammatory pathways while upregulating cell adhesion molecule-related pathways, synergistically facilitating microenvironment reconstruction. Furthermore, molecular docking studies suggest the patch interacts with key molecules such as VEGF and COL3, enhancing angiogenesis and matrix remodeling. In summary, this biomimetic patch, composed of bioactive materials with well-defined chemical compositions, integrates mechanical support, immune modulation, and antibacterial protection. by offering a comprehensive solution for abdominal wall repair, it holds significant potential for clinical translation in complex tissue engineering applications.

Augmented-tactility wearable devices have attracted significant attention for their potential to expand the boundaries of human tactile capabilities and their broad applications in medical rehabilitation. Nonetheless, these devices face challenges in practical applications, including high susceptibility to the operating environments, such as variations in pressure, humidity, and touch speed, as well as concerns regarding wearability and comfort. In this work, we developed an augmented-tactility superskin, termed AtSkin, which integrates a skin-compatible nanofiber sensor array and deep learning algorithms to enhance material recognition regardless of the ambient environment. We fabricated a lightweight and breathable triboelectric sensor array with multilayer nanofiber architectures through electrospinning and hot pressing. The carefully selected combination of sensing layers can capture the electrical characteristics of different materials, thus enabling their distinction. Combined with deep learning algorithms, AtSkin achieved an accuracy of 97.9% in distinguishing visually similar resin and fabric materials, even under varying environmental pressures and humidities. As a proof of concept, we constructed an intelligent augmented-tactility system capable of identifying fabrics with similar textures and hand feel, demonstrating the potential of the superskin to expand human tactile capabilities, enhance augmented reality experiences, and revolutionize intelligent healthcare solutions.

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Electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology, such as electromagnetic radiation, communication interference and information leakage. Fiber materials, with the advantages of lightweight, high aspect ratio and pronounced mechanical properties, can enhance the scattering effect and transmission path of EMWs at reduced working thicknesses. Significant research efforts have been dedicated to fiber component modulation and microstructure design toward enhancing the effective absorption bandwidth and the dissipation of EMWs. This review summarizes the recent developments in EMW-absorbing fibers, including their absorption mechanisms, preparation methods, performance optimization and structural design. For inorganic EMW-absorbing fibers, their inherent dielectric properties allow the matrix to absorb EMWs, while doping with additional components further enhances impedance matching. In contrast, organic fibers, which generally lack intrinsic EMW-absorbing capabilities, require hybridization with various organic or inorganic functional materials and structural modifications to optimize EMW-absorbing performance. Finally, emerging trends and ongoing challenges in the development of EMW-absorbing fibers are discussed, with the goal of promoting their practical applications. This review gives new insights into the research of EMW-absorbing fibers and fabrics, which will significantly relieve the imminent concerns regarding electromagnetic radiation.

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