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Good Short-Time Work for All 对所有人来说都是短期的好工作
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2129924
Tom Malleson
Abstract This paper advances three arguments. First, current working-time patterns are destructive of justice, especially in terms of environmental sustainability, gender equality, and personal autonomy. Second, making fundamental progress towards these goals requires secure, quality, short-time work for all. This refers to an economic system that would guarantee everyone a decent, secure, existence at roughly 30 hours or less of market work, as well as actively discouraging longer hours. This discouragement should take the form of “soft” state policies as well as new cultural norms; it should not take “hard” forms of state violence. Third, liberal proceduralists are wrong to believe that individuals should be free from state regulation to simply choose the amount of work/leisure that they see fit, since doing so creates all kinds of harms for other people. In fact, the state should actively disincentivize long work hours in order to augment social justice.
本文提出了三个论点。首先,目前的工作时间模式破坏了正义,特别是在环境可持续性、性别平等和个人自主方面。第二,要在实现这些目标方面取得根本进展,就需要人人享有安全、高质量、短时间的工作。这指的是一种经济体系,它能保证每个人在大约30小时或更少的市场工作时间内过上体面、安全的生活,并积极阻止更长时间的工作。这种劝阻应该采取“软”国家政策和新文化规范的形式;它不应该采取“强硬”的国家暴力形式。第三,自由程序主义者错误地认为,个人应该不受国家监管,可以简单地选择他们认为合适的工作/休闲时间,因为这样做会给其他人带来各种伤害。事实上,为了增加社会公正,国家应该积极地抑制长时间工作。
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引用次数: 0
“We Come Here to Work:” US Au Pairs and Rights Claiming during a Care Crisis “我们来这里工作:”看护危机期间的美国互惠生和权利诉求
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2129201
Grace Reinke
Abstract This paper argues that, despite au pairs’ provision of valuable service to US families, their legal classification as cultural exchange participants, historical devaluation of care work, and persistent domination via gender, nation, and citizenship all contribute to their marginalization in movements for labor rights. Using historical, demographic, and interview evidence, I show that, while au pairs are likely to identify as laborers rather than cultural exchange agents, they are less likely than more traditional workers to identify with burgeoning legal movements. This lack of identification results from the invisibilization of care labor broadly, rather than the absence of legal consciousness.
摘要本文认为,尽管互惠生为美国家庭提供了宝贵的服务,但他们作为文化交流参与者的法律分类、护理工作的历史贬值以及性别、国家和公民身份的持续支配,都导致了他们在劳工权利运动中的边缘化。利用历史、人口统计和访谈证据,我表明,虽然互惠生更可能被视为劳动者,而不是文化交流的代理人,但与更传统的工人相比,他们更不可能认同蓬勃发展的法律运动。这种身份认同的缺乏是由于对护理劳动的广泛忽视,而不是由于缺乏法律意识。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying QAnon Conspiracy Theory Adherent Types 识别QAnon阴谋论追随者类型
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2129927
Colton R. Westmark, Adam M. McMahon
Abstract Since the 2016 election of President Donald Trump, conspiracy theories have become more salient among Americans. Using the deep state conspiracy theory QAnon as a case study, we argue three types of conspiracy theory adherents exist due to cognitive dissonance experienced in the face of key theory milestone failures: Hardliners, who do not face cognitive dissonance in response to failed conspiracy theory predictions; Moderates, committed members who experience cognitive dissonance and must adapt in order to maintain belief in the conspiracy theory, and Bandwagoners, casual members with shallow beliefs who experience cognitive dissonance and abandon the conspiracy theory. From these types, we put forth the bandwagoner acceleration hypothesis: by emphasizing the disconnect between complex deep state conspiracy theory beliefs and reality that demonstrates the falsehoods perpetrated by the movement, relevant stakeholders exogenous to the conspiracy theory can activate Bandwagoners to stimulate conspiratorial belief abandonment. This is important as Bandwagoners represent the peril of latent power which can be coopted and used to threaten democratic legitimacy.
自2016年唐纳德·特朗普当选总统以来,阴谋论在美国人中变得更加突出。以深层国家阴谋论QAnon为例,我们认为在面对关键理论里程碑失败时经历的认知失调导致了三种类型的阴谋论追随者的存在:强硬派,他们在面对失败的阴谋论预测时不会面临认知失调;温和派,经历认知失调的忠诚成员必须适应以保持对阴谋论的信仰,随大流者,信仰浅薄的非正式成员经历认知失调并放弃阴谋论。从这些类型中,我们提出了随大流者加速假说:通过强调复杂的深层国家阴谋论信念与证明该运动所犯下的谎言的现实之间的脱节,阴谋论外生的相关利益相关者可以激活随大流者,从而刺激阴谋信念的放弃。这一点很重要,因为“随大流者”代表着潜在力量的危险,这种力量可以被利用来威胁民主合法性。
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引用次数: 0
Karl Polanyi and the Rise of Fascism 波兰尼与法西斯主义的兴起
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2129199
Christopher M. England
Abstract This article reconstructs Karl Polanyi’s account of fascism’s rise in his 1935 article, “The Essence of Fascism.” Following the elevation of Hitler to power in 1933, Polanyi embarked on a reassessment of Nietzsche, Othmar Spann, Spengler, Evola, and other figures of the interwar conservative revolution. He argues that the fascist quest for national unity emerges when 19th century liberalism fails to address the growing atomization and economic dislocation of modern society. On the one hand, fascism valorizes the mythopoetic, prehistorical vitalism that liberal rationalism and social democracy sought to purge from public life. On the other, fascism aspires to a higher form of elitist, technological mastery than egalitarian states can achieve. These tensions, he predicts, will result in the radicalization and collapse of fascist regimes in a European war. This article illuminates Polanyi’s deep understanding of political modernity and the contemporary implications of his philosophical critique of the far right.
摘要本文重构了卡尔·波兰尼在1935年的文章《法西斯主义的本质》中对法西斯主义崛起的描述。1933年希特勒上台后,波兰尼开始重新评估尼采、奥斯曼·斯潘、斯宾格勒、埃沃拉和其他两次世界大战保守革命的人物。他认为,当19世纪的自由主义未能解决现代社会日益原子化和经济混乱的问题时,法西斯对国家统一的追求就出现了。一方面,法西斯主义将自由理性主义和社会民主试图从公共生活中清除的神话般的史前活力主义赋予了价值。另一方面,法西斯主义渴望获得比平等主义国家更高形式的精英主义技术掌握。他预测,这些紧张局势将导致欧洲战争中法西斯政权的激进化和崩溃。本文阐述了波兰尼对政治现代性的深刻理解,以及他对极右翼的哲学批判的当代意义。
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引用次数: 0
New Constitutionalism and the EU: Its Limits and Prospects beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic 新宪政与欧盟:新冠肺炎疫情后的局限与前景
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2129925
Stephen Gill, Thibault Biscahie
Abstract A key question for today is how far the apparent loosening of austerity following the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of the July 2020 European Recovery Plan of 750 billion euros, constitutes a first step towards debt mutualization (sharing of debts to fund recovery among EU Member States) but also whether it signals a move away from the neoliberal legal and political limits associated with neoliberal new constitutionalism measures, epitomized in the EU by the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact. We think this prospect is unlikely – in the absence of significant political pressures demanding and creating alternative futures and promoting radical change. In lieu of paradigmatic change, Next Generation EU resembles a pragmatic shift – with indeed some innovative traits – triggered by two main motives: responding to the urgent pandemic shock, but most importantly tackling the lasting effects of economic and political imbalances, in an attempt to tame some of the socio-political tensions and risks of disintegration resulting from the mismanaged Eurozone crisis.
今天的一个关键问题是,在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后,以2020年7月7500亿欧元的欧洲复苏计划的形式出现的明显放松紧缩政策,在多大程度上构成了迈向债务共同化(欧盟成员国之间分担债务以资助复苏)的第一步,以及它是否标志着与新自由主义新宪政措施相关的新自由主义法律和政治限制的转变。以《马斯特里赫特条约》和《稳定与增长公约》为代表。我们认为,如果没有重大的政治压力要求和创造替代未来,并推动彻底变革,这种前景不太可能出现。“下一代欧盟”与其说是范式变革,不如说是一种务实的转变——确实有一些创新特征——由两个主要动机引发:应对紧迫的流行病冲击,但最重要的是解决经济和政治失衡的持久影响,试图缓和因欧元区危机管理不善而导致的一些社会政治紧张局势和解体风险。
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引用次数: 2
John Rensenbrink, 1928–2022: In Memoriam 约翰·伦森布林克,1928-2022:纪念
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2114676
C. Barrow
John Rensenbrink, a professor emeritus of political science at Bowdoin College, and a co-founder of the Green Party, passed away on July 30, 2022 at the age of 93. Rensenbrink’s life epitomized the values of scholar-activism as he was both an author of books on ecological politics and an influential political activist. Rensenbrink was born on August 30, 1928 in Pease, Minnesota, one of seven children born to a family of Dutch immigrant dairy farmers. He operated the family’s dairy farm after his father’s untimely death in 1943 and, as a result, John was not able to attend high school. Instead, he took correspondence courses, which allowed him to attend Calvin College (1946–1950) in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he graduated with a B.A. degree. In 1951, Rensenbrink earned a Master’s degree in political science from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He subsequently accepted a Fulbright Scholarship to study at the University of Amsterdam (1951–1952) and, upon returning to the United States, Rensenbrink attended the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. in political science (1956) with an emphasis on political philosophy, American politics, and U.S. Constitutional law. In 1956, Rensenbrink began his academic career at Coe College in Iowa, but after a year he accepted a position at Williams College (1957–1961) in Massachusetts. In 1961, Rensenbrink moved to Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine to teach political philosophy and history. He remained at Bowdoin College until 1989, when he took early retirement to concentrate on organizing the Green Party. Rensenbrink began his career as a member of the Republican Party but his disgust with the politics of Joseph McCarthy and the appeal of Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson convinced him to join the Democratic Party. By 1968, however, Rensenbrink was becoming disillusioned with the Democratic Party so he helped organize the Reform Democrats of Maine (1968–1970) for the purpose of ending the Vietnam War and democratizing the Democratic Party. Later, while visiting Poland in 1983, Rensenbrink learned of the West German Green Party, which had recently won seats in the country’s Bundestag. He traveled to Munich and Frankfurt to visit members of the German Green Party and upon returning to Maine he co-founded the
鲍登学院政治学名誉教授、绿党共同创始人约翰·伦森布林克于2022年7月30日去世,享年93岁。Rensenbrink的一生是学者行动主义价值观的缩影,因为他既是生态政治书籍的作者,也是有影响力的政治活动家。Rensenbrink于1928年8月30日出生在明尼苏达州皮斯的一个荷兰移民奶农家庭,是七个孩子中的一个。1943年父亲英年早逝后,他经营着家族的奶牛场,因此,约翰没能上高中。相反,他参加了函授课程,这使他得以进入密歇根州大急流城的加尔文学院(1946年至1950年),并在那里获得了文学学士学位。1951年,Rensenbrink获得密歇根大学安娜堡分校政治学硕士学位。随后,他接受了富布赖特奖学金,在阿姆斯特丹大学学习(1951-1952),回到美国后,Rensenbrink进入芝加哥大学,在那里他获得了政治学博士学位(1956年),重点是政治哲学,美国政治和美国宪法。1956年,伦森布林克在爱荷华州的科学院开始了他的学术生涯,但一年后,他接受了马萨诸塞州威廉姆斯学院(1957-1961)的职位。1961年,伦森布林克搬到缅因州不伦瑞克的鲍登学院,教授政治哲学和历史。他在鲍登学院一直待到1989年,然后提前退休,集中精力组织绿党。伦森布林克最初是共和党成员,但他对约瑟夫·麦卡锡的政治厌恶和民主党总统候选人阿德莱·史蒂文森的吸引力使他加入了民主党。然而,到1968年,伦森布林克对民主党的幻想破灭了,所以他帮助组织了缅因州的改革民主党人(1968 - 1970),目的是结束越南战争,使民主党民主化。后来,在1983年访问波兰时,伦森布林克得知了西德绿党(West German Green Party),该党最近在德国联邦议院(Bundestag)赢得了席位。他前往慕尼黑和法兰克福拜访德国绿党的成员,回到缅因州后,他与人共同创立了
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引用次数: 0
How Neofascism Emerges from Neoliberal Capitalism 新法西斯主义如何从新自由主义资本主义中产生
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2121135
R. Cox, Daniel Skidmore-Hess
Abstract In this article we argue that neofascism has emerged from the crisis of neoliberal capitalism. We begin by locating neofascism within the contemporary dynamics of capitalist crisis, including the legitimacy crisis of the capitalist state, the relationship between neofascist ideology and capitalist political coalitions, and the similarities and differences between neofascism and earlier varieties of fascism. Toward that end, we analyze neofascism as having a much closer relationship to neoliberal ideology than is commonly understood, especially given the decades long theorizing by neoliberals about how to use the state to prevent democratic movements from interfering with capitalist accumulation and market imperatives. Therefore, our article is intended to sharpen the theoretical, ideological, and empirical relationship between neoliberalism and neofascism. It is also intended to help build an effective political response to defeat neofascism instead of simply recreating the conditions for its perpetual re-emergence.
在本文中,我们认为新法西斯主义是从新自由资本主义的危机中产生的。我们首先在资本主义危机的当代动态中定位新法西斯主义,包括资本主义国家的合法性危机,新法西斯主义意识形态与资本主义政治联盟之间的关系,以及新法西斯主义与早期法西斯主义之间的异同。为此,我们分析新法西斯主义与新自由主义意识形态的关系比通常理解的要密切得多,特别是考虑到新自由主义者几十年来关于如何利用国家来防止民主运动干扰资本主义积累和市场需求的理论。因此,我们的文章旨在强化新自由主义和新法西斯主义之间的理论、意识形态和经验关系。它还旨在帮助建立一种有效的政治反应,以击败新法西斯主义,而不是简单地为其永久重新出现创造条件。
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引用次数: 3
Humanizing the Landscape from the Edge(s) of Empire: Wakanda-Geographies of the Global South 从帝国边缘看景观的人性化:瓦坎达——全球南方的地理
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2119332
Kris F. Sealey
Abstract This paper offers South geographies as real-world activations of “Wakanda” zones, zones at the edges of Empire. It offers Southern black expressive cultures (specifically, the Global South nation of Trinidad) as Afrofurtural in their capacities for articulating new calibrations of black freedom (in relation to real-world enduring structures of black capture). This paper focuses specifically on the invention of the steelpan in the Afro-Trinidadian village of Laventille, showing that the geography conditioning the instrument’s production is Wakanda-like. As such, it reads, in the technological invention of the steelpan, an Afrofutural articulation of a black freedom. Unlike the black freedom central to the cinematic rendition of Wakanda, the black freedom of Laventille’s steelpan world is not completely disentangled from global systems of anti-black violence. However, steelpan’s expressive culture does establish, in the present, a futural gesture of what it means for black living to overflow such global systems of black death-making.
摘要本文将南方地理作为“瓦坎达”区域的现实世界激活,即帝国边缘的区域。它为南方黑人表达文化(特别是全球南方国家特立尼达)提供了机会,因为他们有能力阐明黑人自由的新标准(与现实世界中黑人捕获的持久结构有关)。本文特别关注了在非洲-特立尼达的Laventille村发明的钢制平底锅,表明该仪器生产的地理条件类似瓦坎达。因此,在钢锅的技术发明中,它读到了黑人自由的非洲文化表达。与电影《瓦坎达》中的黑人自由不同,Laventille钢铁侠世界的黑人自由并没有完全脱离全球反黑人暴力体系。然而,斯蒂尔潘的表达文化在目前确实确立了一种未来的姿态,即黑人的生活溢出这种全球黑人死亡制造系统意味着什么。
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引用次数: 0
Symposium on Afrofuturism in Black Panther: Gender, Identity and the Remaking of Blackness 《黑豹》中的非洲主义研讨会:性别、身份和黑人的重塑
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2119329
Renée T. White
Abstract This symposium is an active engagement with the edited volume, Afrofuturism in Black Panther: Gender, Identity, and the Remaking of Blackness, a text that provides an interdisciplinary examination of the 2018 film Black Panther. The symposium introduction provides an overview of the history and widespread impact of Afrofuturism as theory and practice and offers a summary of the contributors’ essays. Each of the four contributors, Reynaldo Anderson, Rebecca Wanzo, Kris F. Sealey and Jane Anna Gordon use Afrofuturism in Black Panther as a point of departure for their examinations of the continued impact of Afrofuturism, politics and identity, and cultural practice.
摘要本次研讨会积极参与编辑的《黑豹中的非洲主义:性别、身份和黑人重塑》一书,该书对2018年的电影《黑豹》进行了跨学科研究。研讨会引言概述了非洲旅游主义作为理论和实践的历史和广泛影响,并对撰稿人的文章进行了总结。Reynaldo Anderson、Rebecca Wanzo、Kris F.Sealey和Jane Anna Gordon四位撰稿人都以《黑豹》中的非洲主义为出发点,研究非洲主义、政治和身份以及文化实践的持续影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating Global Political Blackness: How Sustainable Modes of Political Leadership Facilitate Learning from Profound Dissent 培育全球政治黑人:可持续的政治领导模式如何促进深刻分歧的学习
IF 0.6 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2022.2119333
J. Gordon
Abstract This short piece engages contributions to Renée T. White and Karen A. Ritzenhoff’s Afrofuturism in Black Panther (2021) to argue that the film outlines some ingredients needed to cultivate universal first-class citizenship. The inclusion of council-structured political decision-making modeled in Wakanda combines pre- and post-1960s modes of progressive political organizing that, as Dolita Cathcart argues, build on ideas of both historical Black reformers and revolutionaries. Still, absent Neal Curtis’s insistence, through the figure of Erik Killmonger, on the indispensability of continued radical dissent, these political arrangements could easily collapse into a progressive conservatism in which would-be queen Nakia’s argument for diasporic relational responsibility is easily dismissed. Commitment to bringing the radical outside in therefore proves central to imagining how a polity whose wellbeing was premised on isolationism can enter a Global Southern anti-imperial and anti-enslavement internationalism, centering diasporic imaginings of Blackness.
摘要这部短片为蕾妮·怀特和凯伦·A·里岑霍夫的《黑豹中的非洲主义》(2021)做出了贡献,认为这部电影概述了培养普遍的一流公民身份所需的一些要素。以瓦坎达为模型的议会结构政治决策结合了20世纪60年代前后的进步政治组织模式,正如多利塔·卡斯卡特所说,这种模式建立在历史上黑人改革者和革命者的思想之上。尽管如此,如果没有尼尔·柯蒂斯(Neal Curtis)通过埃里克·基蒙格(Erik Killmonger。因此,事实证明,致力于将激进的外部势力引入,对于想象一个以孤立主义为前提的政体如何进入全球南方反帝国和反奴役的国际主义,以黑人的流散想象为中心至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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