Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000398
Garth Fowden
Timurid Herat, in the Safavid realms of Shah Abbas as well as in Ottoman Istanbul, I found that not only was there production of new books, but that sultanic books that had, for whatever reason, become worn, had missing or incomplete illumination, illustration, or binding were restored and reworked (TS. H. 1654, TS. H. 1510, TS. H. 362; Add 25900, MET. 63.210.28, and others). Consequently, I think the time has come to write, and this is not restricted to the art of painting of fifteenthcentury Herat, the full range of the arts of the book, together with their codicologies, their biographies, the identities of their patrons, and the relationship between the patronage of the arts of the book and those of other arts in neighbouring cultures.
{"title":"Alain George: The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus: Art, Faith and Empire in Early Islam. 264 pp. London: Gingko, 2021. £60. ISBN 978 1 9099 4245 5.","authors":"Garth Fowden","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000398","url":null,"abstract":"Timurid Herat, in the Safavid realms of Shah Abbas as well as in Ottoman Istanbul, I found that not only was there production of new books, but that sultanic books that had, for whatever reason, become worn, had missing or incomplete illumination, illustration, or binding were restored and reworked (TS. H. 1654, TS. H. 1510, TS. H. 362; Add 25900, MET. 63.210.28, and others). Consequently, I think the time has come to write, and this is not restricted to the art of painting of fifteenthcentury Herat, the full range of the arts of the book, together with their codicologies, their biographies, the identities of their patrons, and the relationship between the patronage of the arts of the book and those of other arts in neighbouring cultures.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"510 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000411
Ziche Chen
{"title":"Ethnolinguistic Prehistory of the Eastern Himalaya","authors":"Ziche Chen","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X23000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"86 1","pages":"196 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44987875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2337-21.2022
Andrew P Patton, Nicola J Smyllie, Johanna E Chesham, Michael H Hastings
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock of mammals, generating and transmitting an internal representation of environmental time that is produced by the cell-autonomous transcriptional/post-translational feedback loops (TTFLs) of the 10,000 neurons and 3500 glial cells. Recently, we showed that TTFL function in SCN astrocytes alone is sufficient to drive circadian timekeeping and behavior, raising questions about the respective contributions of astrocytes and neurons within the SCN circuit. We compared their relative roles in circadian timekeeping in mouse SCN explants, of either sex. Treatment with the glial-specific toxin fluorocitrate revealed a requirement for metabolically competent astrocytes for circuit-level timekeeping. Recombinase-mediated genetically complemented Cryptochrome (Cry) proteins in Cry1-deficient and/or Cry2-deficient SCNs were used to compare the influence of the TTFLs of neurons or astrocytes in the initiation of de novo oscillation or in pacemaking. While neurons and astrocytes both initiated de novo oscillation and lengthened the period equally, their kinetics were different, with astrocytes taking twice as long. Furthermore, astrocytes could shorten the period, but not as potently as neurons. Chemogenetic manipulation of Gi- and Gq-coupled signaling pathways in neurons acutely advanced or delayed the ensemble phase, respectively. In contrast, comparable manipulations in astrocytes were without effect. Thus, astrocytes can initiate SCN rhythms and bidirectionally control the SCN period, albeit with lower potency than neurons. Nevertheless, their activation does not influence the SCN phase. The emergent SCN properties of high-amplitude oscillation, initiation of rhythmicity, pacemaking, and phase are differentially regulated: astrocytes and neurons sustain the ongoing oscillation, but its phase is determined by neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) encodes and disseminates time-of-day information to allow mammals to adapt their physiology to daily environmental cycles. Recent investigations have revealed a role for astrocytes, in addition to neurons, in the regulation of this rhythm. Using pharmacology, genetic complementation, and chemogenetics, we compared the abilities of neurons and astrocytes in determining the emergent SCN properties of high-amplitude oscillation, initiation of rhythmicity, pacemaking, and determination of phase. These findings parameterize the circadian properties of the astrocyte population in the SCN and reveal the types of circadian information that astrocytes and neurons can contribute within their heterogeneous cellular network.
{"title":"Astrocytes Sustain Circadian Oscillation and Bidirectionally Determine Circadian Period, But Do Not Regulate Circadian Phase in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.","authors":"Andrew P Patton, Nicola J Smyllie, Johanna E Chesham, Michael H Hastings","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2337-21.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2337-21.2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock of mammals, generating and transmitting an internal representation of environmental time that is produced by the cell-autonomous transcriptional/post-translational feedback loops (TTFLs) of the 10,000 neurons and 3500 glial cells. Recently, we showed that TTFL function in SCN astrocytes alone is sufficient to drive circadian timekeeping and behavior, raising questions about the respective contributions of astrocytes and neurons within the SCN circuit. We compared their relative roles in circadian timekeeping in mouse SCN explants, of either sex. Treatment with the glial-specific toxin fluorocitrate revealed a requirement for metabolically competent astrocytes for circuit-level timekeeping. Recombinase-mediated genetically complemented Cryptochrome (Cry) proteins in Cry1-deficient and/or Cry2-deficient SCNs were used to compare the influence of the TTFLs of neurons or astrocytes in the initiation of <i>de novo</i> oscillation or in pacemaking. While neurons and astrocytes both initiated <i>de novo</i> oscillation and lengthened the period equally, their kinetics were different, with astrocytes taking twice as long. Furthermore, astrocytes could shorten the period, but not as potently as neurons. Chemogenetic manipulation of Gi- and Gq-coupled signaling pathways in neurons acutely advanced or delayed the ensemble phase, respectively. In contrast, comparable manipulations in astrocytes were without effect. Thus, astrocytes can initiate SCN rhythms and bidirectionally control the SCN period, albeit with lower potency than neurons. Nevertheless, their activation does not influence the SCN phase. The emergent SCN properties of high-amplitude oscillation, initiation of rhythmicity, pacemaking, and phase are differentially regulated: astrocytes and neurons sustain the ongoing oscillation, but its phase is determined by neurons.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) encodes and disseminates time-of-day information to allow mammals to adapt their physiology to daily environmental cycles. Recent investigations have revealed a role for astrocytes, in addition to neurons, in the regulation of this rhythm. Using pharmacology, genetic complementation, and chemogenetics, we compared the abilities of neurons and astrocytes in determining the emergent SCN properties of high-amplitude oscillation, initiation of rhythmicity, pacemaking, and determination of phase. These findings parameterize the circadian properties of the astrocyte population in the SCN and reveal the types of circadian information that astrocytes and neurons can contribute within their heterogeneous cellular network.</p>","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"38 1","pages":"5522-5537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79032952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x22000684
Neguin Yavari
{"title":"Enrico Boccaccini: Reflecting Mirrors, East and West: Transcultural Comparisons of Advice Literature for Rulers (8th–13th Century). (Islamic History and Civilization.) xi, 314 pp. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. ISBN 978 90 04 9874 7.","authors":"Neguin Yavari","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x22000684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x22000684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"314 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46642100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x2200088x
{"title":"BSO volume 85 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x2200088x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x2200088x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000635
Lili Xia
{"title":"Stephen Owen: All Mine! Happiness, Ownership, and Naming in Eleventh-Century China. 197 pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 2021. $30. ISBN 978 0 231 20311 1.","authors":"Lili Xia","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"325 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41857751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000581
Bony Schachter
Abstract This article examines Jiajing's (Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜, 1507–67) preface to the Scripture of the Three Offices (Sanguan jing 三官經, hereafter, Scripture). The first section discusses the provenance of Jiajing's preface, and shows that the preface is preserved in the Explanation (Sanguan jing zhujie 三官經註解), an unstudied edition of the Scripture produced in 1876. The second section offers a comparison between the Explanation and Ming editions of the Scripture. Relying on this comparison, the third section examines the role of Jiajing in the text's editorial history. Three aspects of the imperial preface support its authenticity: its description of Jiajing's lost imperial edition; its stance on local religious narratives; and its connection with Jiajing's early scholarly and political concerns. In examining the authenticity of Jiajing's preface, the article discusses the role of Daoist resources in shaping Ming imperial discourses on rulership.
{"title":"Daoism and Ming rulership: on the authenticity of Jiajing's preface to the Scripture of the Three Offices","authors":"Bony Schachter","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000581","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines Jiajing's (Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜, 1507–67) preface to the Scripture of the Three Offices (Sanguan jing 三官經, hereafter, Scripture). The first section discusses the provenance of Jiajing's preface, and shows that the preface is preserved in the Explanation (Sanguan jing zhujie 三官經註解), an unstudied edition of the Scripture produced in 1876. The second section offers a comparison between the Explanation and Ming editions of the Scripture. Relying on this comparison, the third section examines the role of Jiajing in the text's editorial history. Three aspects of the imperial preface support its authenticity: its description of Jiajing's lost imperial edition; its stance on local religious narratives; and its connection with Jiajing's early scholarly and political concerns. In examining the authenticity of Jiajing's preface, the article discusses the role of Daoist resources in shaping Ming imperial discourses on rulership.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"235 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000738
Matthew Clark
cise path among descriptions, comparisons and dating. Laura E. Parodi has many new things to say and writes with welcome clarity: her topic is a Mughal album leaf. The attribution of its pictorial verso of kneeling sages to the fifteenth-century painter Bihzad was already discounted by Ettinghausen; Parodi argues cogently for an origin in Shibanid Bukhara. Still mindful of the significance of Bihzad to the Mughals, Parodi turns to the folio’s calligraphic verso, and posits a reconstructed sequence of pictures and verses over four folios, three known and one putative, which will modify future understanding of album-making.
在描述，比较和日期之间的路径。劳拉·e·帕罗迪(Laura E. Parodi)有很多新东西要说，而且写得很清晰:她的主题是一张莫卧儿王朝的专辑叶子。这幅画中跪着的圣贤的对景画出自15世纪画家比哈扎德之手，这一说法已经被艾汀豪森否定了;Parodi有力地论证了Shibanid Bukhara的起源。仍然注意到比哈扎德对莫卧儿王朝的重要性，Parodi转向对开本的书法对页，并在四对开本中假设了一个重建的图片和诗句序列，三个已知的和一个假定的，这将修改未来对专辑制作的理解。
{"title":"James McHugh: An Unholy Brew: Alcohol in Indian History and Religions. 403 pp. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. £25.99. ISBN 978 0 937594 3.","authors":"Matthew Clark","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X22000738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X22000738","url":null,"abstract":"cise path among descriptions, comparisons and dating. Laura E. Parodi has many new things to say and writes with welcome clarity: her topic is a Mughal album leaf. The attribution of its pictorial verso of kneeling sages to the fifteenth-century painter Bihzad was already discounted by Ettinghausen; Parodi argues cogently for an origin in Shibanid Bukhara. Still mindful of the significance of Bihzad to the Mughals, Parodi turns to the folio’s calligraphic verso, and posits a reconstructed sequence of pictures and verses over four folios, three known and one putative, which will modify future understanding of album-making.","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"320 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x22000647
Roderich Ptak
{"title":"António Vasconcelos de Saldanha (ed.): Fontes Históricas sobre Macau no Arquivo Histórico de Goa. Séculos XVI a XIX: Um Catálogo. 304 pp. Macau: Universidade de Macau, 2021. ISBN 978 99965 1 146 2.","authors":"Roderich Ptak","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x22000647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x22000647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"327 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1017/s0041977x22000763
K. Blankinship
{"title":"Abū L-Muṭahhar Al-Azdī, Emily Selove and Geert Jan van Gelder (ed. and trans.): The Portrait of Abū l-Qāsim al-Baghdādī al-Tamīmī. 486 pp. London: The E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2021. £90. ISBN 978 19 1360404 2.","authors":"K. Blankinship","doi":"10.1017/s0041977x22000763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x22000763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46190,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON","volume":"85 1","pages":"312 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47463573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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