Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1821203
Dusan Stamenkovic, Nicholas Ichien, K. Holyoak
ABSTRACT We report a study examining the role of linguistic context in modulating the influences of individual differences in fluid and crystalized intelligence on comprehension of literary metaphors. Three conditions were compared: no context, metaphor-congruent context, and literal-congruent context. Relative to the baseline no-context condition, the metaphor-congruent context facilitated comprehension of the metaphorical meaning whereas the literal-congruent context impaired it. Measures of fluid and crystalized intelligence both made separable contributions to predicting metaphor comprehension. The metaphor-congruent context selectively increased the contribution of crystalized verbal intelligence. These findings support the hypothesis that a supportive linguistic context encourages use of semantic integration in interpreting metaphors.
{"title":"Individual Differences in Comprehension of Contextualized Metaphors","authors":"Dusan Stamenkovic, Nicholas Ichien, K. Holyoak","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1821203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1821203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report a study examining the role of linguistic context in modulating the influences of individual differences in fluid and crystalized intelligence on comprehension of literary metaphors. Three conditions were compared: no context, metaphor-congruent context, and literal-congruent context. Relative to the baseline no-context condition, the metaphor-congruent context facilitated comprehension of the metaphorical meaning whereas the literal-congruent context impaired it. Measures of fluid and crystalized intelligence both made separable contributions to predicting metaphor comprehension. The metaphor-congruent context selectively increased the contribution of crystalized verbal intelligence. These findings support the hypothesis that a supportive linguistic context encourages use of semantic integration in interpreting metaphors.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"285 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1821203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44778709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1794319
Bodo Winter, Sarah E. Duffy, J. Littlemore
ABSTRACT English speakers use vertical language to talk about power, such as when speaking of people being “at the bottom of the social hierarchy” or “rising to the top.” Experimental research has shown that people automatically associate higher spatial positions with more powerful social groups, such as doctors and army generals, compared to lower spatial positions, which are associated with relatively less powerful groups, such as nurses and soldiers. However, power as a social dimension is also associated with gender. Here, by means of a reaction-time study and a corpus study, we show that professions that display greater gender asymmetries, such as doctor/nurse, exhibit stronger vertical associations. Moreover, we show that people’s perception of vertical metaphors for power depends on their own gender, with male participants having stronger vertical biases than female participants, which we propose is due to the fact that men are more prone to thinking about power in bodily terms, and to associate it with physical dominance. Our results provide clear evidence for individual differences in metaphor comprehension, thus demonstrating empirically that the same metaphor is understood differently by different people.
{"title":"Power, Gender, and Individual Differences in Spatial Metaphor: The Role of Perceptual Stereotypes and Language Statistics","authors":"Bodo Winter, Sarah E. Duffy, J. Littlemore","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1794319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1794319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT English speakers use vertical language to talk about power, such as when speaking of people being “at the bottom of the social hierarchy” or “rising to the top.” Experimental research has shown that people automatically associate higher spatial positions with more powerful social groups, such as doctors and army generals, compared to lower spatial positions, which are associated with relatively less powerful groups, such as nurses and soldiers. However, power as a social dimension is also associated with gender. Here, by means of a reaction-time study and a corpus study, we show that professions that display greater gender asymmetries, such as doctor/nurse, exhibit stronger vertical associations. Moreover, we show that people’s perception of vertical metaphors for power depends on their own gender, with male participants having stronger vertical biases than female participants, which we propose is due to the fact that men are more prone to thinking about power in bodily terms, and to associate it with physical dominance. Our results provide clear evidence for individual differences in metaphor comprehension, thus demonstrating empirically that the same metaphor is understood differently by different people.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"188 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1794319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1804809
Hamad Al-Azary, Christina L. Gagné, T. Spalding
ABSTRACT Countless conceptual metaphors related to human experience (e.g., LIFE IS A JOURNEY) have been identified and discussed in the literature. In most conceptual metaphors, a concrete, experiential source domain (e.g., JOURNEY) is used as a basis for partially structuring a more abstract target domain (e.g., LIFE). However, in some conceptual metaphors, concrete source domains (e.g., FLUID) structure target domains that are also concrete (e.g., LIGHT). Such concrete conceptual metaphors are relatively infrequent and have generally received less attention in the literature compared to abstract conceptual metaphors. In this paper, we argue that AIR is metaphorically understood in terms of another experiential domain; namely, WATER. This hydro-aero mapping we introduce is characterized by three particular conceptual metaphors; AIR MOTION IS WATER MOTION, MOVING IN AIR IS MOVING IN WATER, and AIR TRAVEL IS SEA TRAVEL. Furthermore, the hydro-aero mapping is instantiated by numerous compound and non-compound words. We show how the hydro-aero mapping can be historically traced in the English language by using the Oxford English Dictionary. Finally, we describe how the hydro-aero mapping, along with other concrete mappings, is critical for communication, aligns with theoretical approaches to metaphorical cognition, and raises considerable questions regarding the nature of metaphorical structuring.
{"title":"From the Sea to the Sky: Metaphorically Mapping Water to Air","authors":"Hamad Al-Azary, Christina L. Gagné, T. Spalding","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1804809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1804809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Countless conceptual metaphors related to human experience (e.g., LIFE IS A JOURNEY) have been identified and discussed in the literature. In most conceptual metaphors, a concrete, experiential source domain (e.g., JOURNEY) is used as a basis for partially structuring a more abstract target domain (e.g., LIFE). However, in some conceptual metaphors, concrete source domains (e.g., FLUID) structure target domains that are also concrete (e.g., LIGHT). Such concrete conceptual metaphors are relatively infrequent and have generally received less attention in the literature compared to abstract conceptual metaphors. In this paper, we argue that AIR is metaphorically understood in terms of another experiential domain; namely, WATER. This hydro-aero mapping we introduce is characterized by three particular conceptual metaphors; AIR MOTION IS WATER MOTION, MOVING IN AIR IS MOVING IN WATER, and AIR TRAVEL IS SEA TRAVEL. Furthermore, the hydro-aero mapping is instantiated by numerous compound and non-compound words. We show how the hydro-aero mapping can be historically traced in the English language by using the Oxford English Dictionary. Finally, we describe how the hydro-aero mapping, along with other concrete mappings, is critical for communication, aligns with theoretical approaches to metaphorical cognition, and raises considerable questions regarding the nature of metaphorical structuring.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"206 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1804809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1794318
Emilia Castaño, G. Carrol
ABSTRACT An eye-tracking while listening study based on the blank screen paradigm was conducted to investigate the processing of literal and metaphorical verbs of motion. The study was based on two assumptions from the literature: that language comprehension by default engages mental simulation, and that looking behavior (measured through patterns of eye movements) can provide a window into ongoing cognitive processes. This study specifically compared the comprehension of sentences that depicted actual physical motion (the curtain is rising) and sentences that described changes in quantity or emotional states in terms of vertical motion (prices are rising). Results showed that eye movements were selectively biased upward or downward in accordance with the direction implied by the verb, regardless of the context (literal or metaphorical) in which they appeared, and in the absence of any visual stimuli or explicit task. Thus, these findings suggest that literal and metaphorical language drive spontaneous, direction-specific mental simulations captured by eye movements and that at least in the case of verbs presented in the present progressive, which emphasizes the ongoing nature of actions, visual biases along the vertical axis may start during the verb itself.
{"title":"Mental Simulation in the Processing of Literal and Metaphorical Motion Language: An Eye Movement Study","authors":"Emilia Castaño, G. Carrol","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1794318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1794318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An eye-tracking while listening study based on the blank screen paradigm was conducted to investigate the processing of literal and metaphorical verbs of motion. The study was based on two assumptions from the literature: that language comprehension by default engages mental simulation, and that looking behavior (measured through patterns of eye movements) can provide a window into ongoing cognitive processes. This study specifically compared the comprehension of sentences that depicted actual physical motion (the curtain is rising) and sentences that described changes in quantity or emotional states in terms of vertical motion (prices are rising). Results showed that eye movements were selectively biased upward or downward in accordance with the direction implied by the verb, regardless of the context (literal or metaphorical) in which they appeared, and in the absence of any visual stimuli or explicit task. Thus, these findings suggest that literal and metaphorical language drive spontaneous, direction-specific mental simulations captured by eye movements and that at least in the case of verbs presented in the present progressive, which emphasizes the ongoing nature of actions, visual biases along the vertical axis may start during the verb itself.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"153 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1794318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-27DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1767335
Janet Ho
ABSTRACT In health communication metaphor studies, mental and terminal diseases are often the center of attention. Yet, one of the most important life stages especially for many women, pregnancy, has received little attention to date. This paper seeks to close the gap by investigating the use of metaphors in 411,362 words of internet pregnancy discussions. In particular, it compares how forum contributors used metaphors to frame different gestational issues across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Using a corpus-assisted approach, we found that various types of metaphors, namely objectification, personification, violence, and constraint metaphors, performed different discursive roles in portraying such issues as fetal development, pregnancy discomforts, and birth-giving stages. While we demonstrated that metaphor is a staple tool for enhancing maternal–fetal attachment that empowers oneself and one’s fellow pregnant mothers, we also proposed the new term “attachment personification” for the use of unconventional metaphor not merely to personify but, furthermore, to foreground the personification of fetal movement in the womb. We also found that the interaction of metaphors with humor and hyperbole conveyed the uniquely expectant attitude of pregnant women toward their pregnancy discomforts, which is worth further attention in health communication studies.
{"title":"“She Starts Breakdancing, I Swear!”: Metaphor, Framing, and Digital Pregnancy Discussions","authors":"Janet Ho","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1767335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1767335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In health communication metaphor studies, mental and terminal diseases are often the center of attention. Yet, one of the most important life stages especially for many women, pregnancy, has received little attention to date. This paper seeks to close the gap by investigating the use of metaphors in 411,362 words of internet pregnancy discussions. In particular, it compares how forum contributors used metaphors to frame different gestational issues across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Using a corpus-assisted approach, we found that various types of metaphors, namely objectification, personification, violence, and constraint metaphors, performed different discursive roles in portraying such issues as fetal development, pregnancy discomforts, and birth-giving stages. While we demonstrated that metaphor is a staple tool for enhancing maternal–fetal attachment that empowers oneself and one’s fellow pregnant mothers, we also proposed the new term “attachment personification” for the use of unconventional metaphor not merely to personify but, furthermore, to foreground the personification of fetal movement in the womb. We also found that the interaction of metaphors with humor and hyperbole conveyed the uniquely expectant attitude of pregnant women toward their pregnancy discomforts, which is worth further attention in health communication studies.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"171 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1767335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43345316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1769269
L. Ritchie, Xuede Zhao
ABSTRACT In this article, we examine how cognitive metaphor theories might contribute to the theory and practice of poetry translation. We focus on translations from Chinese to English by Xu Yuanchong, both because he is regarded as one of China’s premier translators and because he has published a detailed theoretical framework and justification for his translations. We argue that Xu’s theory and practice of translation is based on a traditional approach to figurative language in which metaphor is regarded as purely decorative, adding no independent meaning. By identifying underlying conceptual metaphors and potential perceptual simulations in both the original Chinese and Xu’s translations, we show that the metaphors Xu substitutes for those in the original poem (often in place of sparser, more ambiguous language), changes and limits potential meanings in ways that are sometimes subtle but in other cases quite striking. We argue that contemporary cognitive linguistics theories, particularly Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Perceptual Simulation Theory, can contribute in important ways both to creating and to evaluating translations of Chinese poetry into English.
{"title":"To “Face the Powder” or “Powder the Face”? Contemporary Metaphor Theory and the Art of Chinese to English Translation","authors":"L. Ritchie, Xuede Zhao","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1769269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1769269","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we examine how cognitive metaphor theories might contribute to the theory and practice of poetry translation. We focus on translations from Chinese to English by Xu Yuanchong, both because he is regarded as one of China’s premier translators and because he has published a detailed theoretical framework and justification for his translations. We argue that Xu’s theory and practice of translation is based on a traditional approach to figurative language in which metaphor is regarded as purely decorative, adding no independent meaning. By identifying underlying conceptual metaphors and potential perceptual simulations in both the original Chinese and Xu’s translations, we show that the metaphors Xu substitutes for those in the original poem (often in place of sparser, more ambiguous language), changes and limits potential meanings in ways that are sometimes subtle but in other cases quite striking. We argue that contemporary cognitive linguistics theories, particularly Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Perceptual Simulation Theory, can contribute in important ways both to creating and to evaluating translations of Chinese poetry into English.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"122 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1769269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43065731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1767336
S. Flusberg, Mark Lauria, Samuel Balko, P. Thibodeau
ABSTRACT People regularly encounter metaphors in a variety of different communicative settings, but most studies of metaphor framing have relied exclusively on written materials. Across three experiments (N = 2399), we examined the relative power of metaphor framing in different communication formats. Participants read, heard, or watched someone report a series of metaphorically framed issues. They answered a target question about each issue by selecting between two response options, one of which was conceptually congruent with the metaphor frame. Results revealed a similarly-sized metaphor framing effect in each communication modality. Neither speaker gender nor race reliably moderated the effects of metaphor framing for audiovisual messages, though framing effects were stronger when the gender of the speaker and observer matched. We also replicated the finding that metaphors are more effective when they are extended into the response option language. These results provide new insights into the efficacy and generalizability of metaphor framing.
{"title":"Effects of Communication Modality and Speaker Identity on Metaphor Framing","authors":"S. Flusberg, Mark Lauria, Samuel Balko, P. Thibodeau","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1767336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1767336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT People regularly encounter metaphors in a variety of different communicative settings, but most studies of metaphor framing have relied exclusively on written materials. Across three experiments (N = 2399), we examined the relative power of metaphor framing in different communication formats. Participants read, heard, or watched someone report a series of metaphorically framed issues. They answered a target question about each issue by selecting between two response options, one of which was conceptually congruent with the metaphor frame. Results revealed a similarly-sized metaphor framing effect in each communication modality. Neither speaker gender nor race reliably moderated the effects of metaphor framing for audiovisual messages, though framing effects were stronger when the gender of the speaker and observer matched. We also replicated the finding that metaphors are more effective when they are extended into the response option language. These results provide new insights into the efficacy and generalizability of metaphor framing.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"136 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1767336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46549249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1784509
R. Giora, Ofer Fein, Vered Heruti
ABSTRACT In this paper we test the hypothesis that tautologies (An X is an X; X is X) are actually not tautologies (i.e., not repetitive). Indeed, when exploring natural language use, it seems that, having expressed such “uninformative” statements, speakers, most often, spell out their specific intended interpretation, rendering these messages informative (Section 2). Visual/pictorial tautologies are also informative; either they allow the observers to come up with their own interpretation, or often, the artists use language to spell out the intended message (Section 3). Whether in language or in picture, artists tend to deautomatize the familiar, thereby rendering tautologies Optimally Innovative. Additionally, they often produce tautologies that convey figurative messages, whether metaphorical or sarcastic, thus allowing these tautologies to be highly creative (Section 5). Tautologies, then, communicate innovative messages, even when implicitly so. In fact, tautologies may often covertly reject the default salient meaning, while explicitly enlarging on it by using a novel, nondefault alternative.
{"title":"Whether Verbal or Visual, Affirmative or Negative, Tautologies are Not Tautologies","authors":"R. Giora, Ofer Fein, Vered Heruti","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1784509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1784509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we test the hypothesis that tautologies (An X is an X; X is X) are actually not tautologies (i.e., not repetitive). Indeed, when exploring natural language use, it seems that, having expressed such “uninformative” statements, speakers, most often, spell out their specific intended interpretation, rendering these messages informative (Section 2). Visual/pictorial tautologies are also informative; either they allow the observers to come up with their own interpretation, or often, the artists use language to spell out the intended message (Section 3). Whether in language or in picture, artists tend to deautomatize the familiar, thereby rendering tautologies Optimally Innovative. Additionally, they often produce tautologies that convey figurative messages, whether metaphorical or sarcastic, thus allowing these tautologies to be highly creative (Section 5). Tautologies, then, communicate innovative messages, even when implicitly so. In fact, tautologies may often covertly reject the default salient meaning, while explicitly enlarging on it by using a novel, nondefault alternative.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"97 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1784509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1820763
S. Skalicky
ABSTRACT Most research of figurative language production examines naturalistic discourse. However, laboratory studies of elicited figurative language production are useful because they provide insight into whether specific individual differences are associated with differences in figurative language production ability. In this sense, elicited figurative language production studies mirror the approach many studies of figurative language processing and comprehension take. Accordingly, this study is an investigation into perceptions of novelty and mirth associated with figurative language production. Data in this study come from elicited figurative language production tasks for metaphorical comparisons and sarcastic replies, which were rated based on perceptions of novelty and mirth as well as conceptual distance (metaphors) and incongruity (sarcastic replies). Two individual differences, Need for Cognition and Abstract Thinking, along with other differences such as prompt type and production time were used to predict the novelty and mirth ratings. The results demonstrate a significant effect of Need for Cognition on metaphors but not for sarcastic replies, whereas no significant effects were observed for Abstract Thinking. Moreover, longer production times were associated with higher ratings for both metaphors and sarcastic replies. Finally, the results highlighted the manner in which prompt characteristics influenced participants’ responses, especially so for sarcastic replies.
{"title":"Exploring Perceptions of Novelty and Mirth in Elicited Figurative Language Production","authors":"S. Skalicky","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1820763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1820763","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most research of figurative language production examines naturalistic discourse. However, laboratory studies of elicited figurative language production are useful because they provide insight into whether specific individual differences are associated with differences in figurative language production ability. In this sense, elicited figurative language production studies mirror the approach many studies of figurative language processing and comprehension take. Accordingly, this study is an investigation into perceptions of novelty and mirth associated with figurative language production. Data in this study come from elicited figurative language production tasks for metaphorical comparisons and sarcastic replies, which were rated based on perceptions of novelty and mirth as well as conceptual distance (metaphors) and incongruity (sarcastic replies). Two individual differences, Need for Cognition and Abstract Thinking, along with other differences such as prompt type and production time were used to predict the novelty and mirth ratings. The results demonstrate a significant effect of Need for Cognition on metaphors but not for sarcastic replies, whereas no significant effects were observed for Abstract Thinking. Moreover, longer production times were associated with higher ratings for both metaphors and sarcastic replies. Finally, the results highlighted the manner in which prompt characteristics influenced participants’ responses, especially so for sarcastic replies.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"77 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1820763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783
K. Ahrens, M. Jiang
ABSTRACT Source domain verification has not received as much attention as criteria for metaphor identification in the study of conceptual metaphor. In this paper, we provide a replicable approach to source domain verification which we hope will provide a foundation for new approaches to this important question. We adopt an empirical method extended from previous research that used corpus-based linguistic tools such as SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology), WordNet, collocational patterns and an online dictionary. We present a new, step-by-step procedure to verify which keywords may be categorized in the source domain of building, using data from the Corpus of Hong Kong Political Speeches which contains parsed Chinese-language speeches by Hong Kong Chief Executives of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (1997–2014). Following the verification of a number of keywords in the building source domain, we discuss how this method may be adapted for other source domains and languages and discuss its application to various areas of study within metaphor research as well as the current limitations of this approach.
{"title":"Source Domain Verification Using Corpus-based Tools","authors":"K. Ahrens, M. Jiang","doi":"10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Source domain verification has not received as much attention as criteria for metaphor identification in the study of conceptual metaphor. In this paper, we provide a replicable approach to source domain verification which we hope will provide a foundation for new approaches to this important question. We adopt an empirical method extended from previous research that used corpus-based linguistic tools such as SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology), WordNet, collocational patterns and an online dictionary. We present a new, step-by-step procedure to verify which keywords may be categorized in the source domain of building, using data from the Corpus of Hong Kong Political Speeches which contains parsed Chinese-language speeches by Hong Kong Chief Executives of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (1997–2014). Following the verification of a number of keywords in the building source domain, we discuss how this method may be adapted for other source domains and languages and discuss its application to various areas of study within metaphor research as well as the current limitations of this approach.","PeriodicalId":46492,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and Symbol","volume":"35 1","pages":"43 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41719008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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