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Noncitizen Employment and the Wages of Healthcare Support Workers in the US 美国非公民就业和医疗保健支持工作者的工资
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9276-9
Nicholas J. Hill, Richard C. McGregory, J. Peoples
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引用次数: 2
Let the Sunshine in: An Analysis of the Placement and Pay of University Presidents and the Effects of Open Records Statutes 让阳光照进来:大学校长的职位安排和薪酬以及公开记录法规的影响分析
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9274-y
Larry D. Singell, Mark Stater, Hui-Hsuan Tang
This paper examines how personal, institutional, and legal factors affect where college presidents are placed and how much they earn given their placements. We find that controlling for selection into institutional type is important, suggesting that presidents nonrandomly sort into institutions based on unobserved characteristics that also relate to wages. We also find evidence that state “sunshine” laws governing whether applicants’ names must be disclosed in searches are related to placements and wages. Presidents hired in states that exempt the names of all but finalists from disclosure are more likely to be placed in public research universities and less likely to be placed in private institutions. There is also evidence that presidents hired in open records states earn compensating differentials, but we are ultimately unable to distinguish this from a state-specific effect. We also find wage discounts for presidents hired at times with larger numbers of states with open records and with exemptions to disclosure for non-finalists. Thus, presidents and institutions appear to respond to market-wide incentives created by sunshine laws.
本文研究了个人、机构和法律因素如何影响大学校长的去向以及他们的收入。我们发现,对机构类型的选择进行控制非常重要,这表明校长会根据与工资相关的未观察到的特征对机构进行非随机的分类。我们还发现有证据表明,各州的 "阳光 "法律对是否必须在搜索中公开申请人姓名的规定与职位安排和工资有关。在那些对除最终人选之外的所有申请人的姓名免于公开的州,受聘的校长更有可能被安排到公立研究型大学,而较少可能被安排到私立院校。也有证据表明,在记录公开州受聘的校长可以获得补偿性差价,但我们最终无法将其与州的特定效应区分开来。我们还发现,在公开招聘记录的州数量较多以及对非最终候选人免于公开招聘记录的州,受聘校长的工资会打折扣。因此,校长和机构似乎对阳光法律所产生的市场激励做出了反应。
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引用次数: 0
The Gender Gap in Raise Magnitudes of Hourly and Salary Workers 时薪工人和工薪工人加薪幅度的性别差距
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9277-8
Benjamin Artz, Sarinda Taengnoi
The gender gap in promotions literature typically uses survey to survey imputed hourly wage changes to measure the earnings effects of promotions alone. By distinction, we study raises with and without promotions using data within surveys that uniquely identify both the current and most recent wages of hourly workers separate from salary workers. In cross-section estimates we identify a gender gap in raise magnitude favoring men only among hourly workers who achieve promotions, but this result vanishes in fixed effects estimates. No gender gaps emerge in any other instance, including for salary workers and raises absent of promotion. We further contribute to the literature by uniquely controlling for natural ability and risk preferences of the workers, the time passed since earning the raise, and also whether the responsibility of the worker’s job changed with the raise.
晋升中的性别差距文献通常使用调查与调查之间的估算小时工资变化来衡量晋升对收入的影响。与此不同的是,我们使用调查中的数据来研究升职和不升职的加薪情况,这些数据可以单独识别小时工的当前工资和最近工资。在横截面估计中,我们发现只有获得晋升的小时工在加薪幅度上存在有利于男性的性别差距,但这一结果在固定效应估计中消失了。在其他任何情况下,包括薪金工人和没有晋升的加薪,都没有出现性别差距。通过对工人的自然能力和风险偏好、获得加薪后的时间以及加薪后工人的工作责任是否发生变化进行独特控制,我们进一步对相关文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Not All Laws are Created Equal: Legal Differences in State Non-Discrimination Laws and the Impact of LGBT Employment Protections 并非所有法律都是平等的:各州非歧视法律的法律差异和LGBT就业保护的影响
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9272-0
I. Burn
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引用次数: 31
Instrumental Variable Estimates of the Effect of Management Practices on Firm Performance in Korean Firms 韩国企业管理实践对企业绩效影响的工具变量估计值
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9273-z
Jieun Chang, Youngho Kang
Policy makers as well as entrepreneurs pay much attention to the success of firms. This is because the performance of firms can promote directly and indirectly the economic growth in a country. For instance, after financial crisis in 1997, the Korean economy experienced the rapid recovery. It is recognized that the improvement of firm performance has played a crucial role in such recovery. We focus on the determinants of improving the Korean firm total factor productivity (TFP) because TFP can explain performance not explained by inputs a firm employs. This paper suggests management practices as one of crucial factors to improve firm TFP. For empirical analysis, we use an instrumental variable approach by using a set of four firm-level instrumental variables including motivations for organizational change, large-scale organizational change, empowerment, and IT investment during the past organizational change. The results of the instrumental variable estimation show that better management practice leads to a higher level of firm TFP, statistically significantly; whereas the effect of management practices is statistically insignificant in the ordinary least square estimation.
决策者和企业家都非常关注企业的成功。这是因为企业的业绩可以直接或间接地促进一国的经济增长。例如,1997 年金融危机之后,韩国经济迅速复苏。人们认识到,企业绩效的提高在这种复苏中发挥了至关重要的作用。我们将重点放在韩国企业全要素生产率(TFP)提高的决定因素上,因为全要素生产率可以解释企业采用的投入所无法解释的绩效。本文认为,管理实践是提高企业全要素生产率的关键因素之一。在实证分析中,我们采用了工具变量法,使用了一组四个企业层面的工具变量,包括组织变革动机、大规模组织变革、授权和过去组织变革中的 IT 投资。工具变量估计的结果表明,更好的管理实践会导致更高水平的企业全要素生产率,在统计上具有显著性;而在普通最小二乘法估计中,管理实践的影响在统计上并不显著。
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引用次数: 0
Taking PISA Seriously: How Accurate are Low-Stakes Exams? 认真对待PISA:低风险考试有多准确?
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-021-09317-8
P. Akyol, K. Krishna, Jinwen Wang
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引用次数: 33
Using Samples-of-Opportunity to Assess Gender Bias in Principal Evaluations of Teachers: A Cautionary Tale 利用机会样本评估校长对教师评价中的性别偏见:警示故事
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9271-1
David Bjerk, Serkan Ozbeklik
This paper uses two “samples-of-opportunity” datasets to examine whether principal evaluations of teachers differ systematically across genders after controlling for arguably gender unbiased measures of teacher productivity---namely value-added student test scores calculated relative to other teachers in the same grade/school (where teachers are randomly allocated to classrooms within the same grade/school). While the two datasets appear to be quite similar in nature, both were samples-of-opportunity in that they were not representative of any particular population. Our findings differ substantially across datasets. This exercise reveals how results in the education and discrimination literature may be sensitive to the sample used.
本文使用了两个 "机会样本 "数据集,研究在控制了可以说不带性别偏见的教师生产率衡量指标--即相对于同一年级/学校(教师被随机分配到同一年级/学校的教室)其他教师的学生考试增值分数--之后,校长对不同性别教师的评价是否存在系统性差异。虽然这两个数据集在本质上似乎非常相似,但它们都是机会样本,因为它们不代表任何特定人群。我们的研究结果在不同数据集之间有很大差异。这项工作揭示了教育和歧视文献中的结果可能对所用样本的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Retirement Savings Plans in the Public Sector: Participation and Contribution Decisions by School Personnel 公共部门的补充退休储蓄计划:学校工作人员的参与和缴款决定
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9270-2
Robert L. Clark, Aditi Pathak, Denis Pelletier
Virtually all full-time state and local government employees are covered by a retirement plan, typically a defined benefit plan, in which they are required to participate. In addition, most school employees have the option of choosing to contribute to a voluntary retirement savings plan offered by their school district. Relative to private sector workers, public employees face an expanded choice of retirement savings plans. Federal tax policies allow state and local governments the opportunity to offer both 401(k) plans and 457 plans to their employees. In addition to these plans, public schools and certain other organizations can offer 403(b) plans to their employees. This paper examines the decision to participate in a voluntary savings plan and the level of contributions for those that enroll in at least one of the plans. The analysis begins by describing the savings options available to public school employees and how these plans differ. The findings indicate that the same economic and demographic factors that influence saving decisions by private workers also drive the decisions of school employees. The three savings plans offered to public employees have many similar characteristics; however, several differences in the plans imply that certain workers may prefer one plan type over the others. Probit and Tobit models of participation in any plan and total annual contributions are estimated. Finally, we estimate the determinants of the decision to choose any one or a combination of savings plans.
几乎所有州政府和地方政府的全职雇员都被要求参加退休计划,通常是福利确定型计 划。此外,大多数学校雇员还可以选择参加由校区提供的自愿退休储蓄计划。与私营部门的工作人员相比,公职人员在退休储蓄计划方面有更多的选择。联邦税收政策允许州政府和地方政府为其雇员提供 401(k)计划和 457 计划。除了这些计划,公立学校和某些其他组织也可以为其雇员提供 403(b) 计划。本文研究了参加自愿储蓄计划的决定,以及参加至少一种计划的员工的缴费水平。分析首先介绍了公立学校雇员可以选择的储蓄方案,以及这些计划的不同之处。研究结果表明,影响私人雇员储蓄决定的经济和人口因素同样也会影响学校雇员的储蓄决定。为公立学校雇员提供的三种储蓄计划有许多相似的特点;然而,这些计划中的一些差异意味着某些雇员可能更喜欢其中一种计划而不是其他计划。我们估算了参与任何计划和年度缴款总额的 Probit 和 Tobit 模型。最后,我们估算了选择任何一种或多种储蓄计划的决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
Physical Work Intensity and the Split Workday: Theory and Evidence from Spain 体力劳动强度与分段工作日:西班牙的理论与证据
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-018-9269-8
Jorge González Chapela
This study uses a job-design model and the 2002–2003 Spanish Time Use Survey to explore the existence of a previously overlooked relationship between physical work intensity and the split workday. The theoretical model developed predicts that the incidence of working split shifts may increase with physical work intensity if and only if the degree of recovery allowed by the mid-workday break is directly proportional to the physical load of the work done. Occupation-specific estimates of energy expenditure are constructed for Spain which permit investigating empirically the relationship between physical work intensity and the split workday.
本研究利用工作设计模型和 2002-2003 年西班牙时间利用调查,探讨了体力工作强度与分班工作之间是否存在以前被忽视的关系。根据所建立的理论模型预测,如果且只有当工作日中间休息时间所允许的恢复程度与所做工作的体力负荷成正比时,分班工作的发生率才会随着体力工作强度的增加而增加。为西班牙构建了特定职业的能量消耗估计值,从而可以对体力工作强度与分班工作之间的关系进行实证研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of High School Curriculum on Confidence, Academic Success, and Mental and Physical Well-Being of University Students 高中课程对大学生自信心、学业成功和身心健康的影响
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12122-019-09295-y
Han Yu, N. Mocan
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Journal of Labor Research
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