Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2212488
Hanne Tange, C. Jenks
When formulating the theme and question for this special issue in 2021, we could not have anticipated how timely this project would become, with our work compiling the papers from our contributors running parallel to the political and intellectual debates on nationalism that emerged in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The ongoing war in Ukraine marked the end of more than 75 years without international conflict in Europe, reinforcing nationalist discourses, ideological positions, enemy images and military manoeuvrings that contemporary Europeans had come to associate with a distant, violent past. Ukraine reminded us of the dangers of nationalism when the idea is hijacked by political leaders, such as Vladimir Putin, to unite the population against a common enemy. Putin’s ‘greater Russia’ speaks to a common ethnicity, religion, history and language; which includes the Krim peninsula, parts of Eastern Ukraine, and Russian-speaking parts of Estonia, to name a few; echoing the ‘hot’ or ‘ethnic’ nationalism identified by Michael Billig (1995) and Anthony Smith (1991) in the 1990s (Leoussi, 2016). Yet daily reports from Ukraine also showed us how the idea of ‘our’ nation provided the common purpose and power that motivated citizens to stand up and defend their imagined community (Anderson, 1991). Writing in May 2022, the American intellectual Francis Fukyama declared the Ukranians’ struggle an expression of their loyalty to ‘an independent, liberal democratic Ukraine’ (p. 3), insisting that ‘liberalism needs the nation’. Like Billig, Fukuyama accepts that there are many forms of nationalism and national identification – and that ‘societies can exercise agency in choosing among them’ (p. 9). Fukuyama’s comment appears thirty-three years after his famous proclamation of ‘the end of history’ (1989), which would bring about the era when Western-style democracy and ideological liberalism became universally accepted. An age of global principles and solidarity had no need for nations, national culture, and nationalism, which, in the words of British historian Eric Hobsbawm (1990, p. 182), might consequently give way to ‘the new supranational restructuring of the globe’. Over the next twenty years, intellectuals’ representation of globalisation as a phenomenon that had superseded the nation became dominant in the Social Sciences, including Sociology, Anthropology, International Relations, and Intercultural Education. In 2007, the eminent German sociologist Ulrich Bech thus issued this warning against ‘methodological nationalism’:
{"title":"Nationalism: threat or opportunity to critical intercultural communication?","authors":"Hanne Tange, C. Jenks","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2212488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2212488","url":null,"abstract":"When formulating the theme and question for this special issue in 2021, we could not have anticipated how timely this project would become, with our work compiling the papers from our contributors running parallel to the political and intellectual debates on nationalism that emerged in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The ongoing war in Ukraine marked the end of more than 75 years without international conflict in Europe, reinforcing nationalist discourses, ideological positions, enemy images and military manoeuvrings that contemporary Europeans had come to associate with a distant, violent past. Ukraine reminded us of the dangers of nationalism when the idea is hijacked by political leaders, such as Vladimir Putin, to unite the population against a common enemy. Putin’s ‘greater Russia’ speaks to a common ethnicity, religion, history and language; which includes the Krim peninsula, parts of Eastern Ukraine, and Russian-speaking parts of Estonia, to name a few; echoing the ‘hot’ or ‘ethnic’ nationalism identified by Michael Billig (1995) and Anthony Smith (1991) in the 1990s (Leoussi, 2016). Yet daily reports from Ukraine also showed us how the idea of ‘our’ nation provided the common purpose and power that motivated citizens to stand up and defend their imagined community (Anderson, 1991). Writing in May 2022, the American intellectual Francis Fukyama declared the Ukranians’ struggle an expression of their loyalty to ‘an independent, liberal democratic Ukraine’ (p. 3), insisting that ‘liberalism needs the nation’. Like Billig, Fukuyama accepts that there are many forms of nationalism and national identification – and that ‘societies can exercise agency in choosing among them’ (p. 9). Fukuyama’s comment appears thirty-three years after his famous proclamation of ‘the end of history’ (1989), which would bring about the era when Western-style democracy and ideological liberalism became universally accepted. An age of global principles and solidarity had no need for nations, national culture, and nationalism, which, in the words of British historian Eric Hobsbawm (1990, p. 182), might consequently give way to ‘the new supranational restructuring of the globe’. Over the next twenty years, intellectuals’ representation of globalisation as a phenomenon that had superseded the nation became dominant in the Social Sciences, including Sociology, Anthropology, International Relations, and Intercultural Education. In 2007, the eminent German sociologist Ulrich Bech thus issued this warning against ‘methodological nationalism’:","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2195855
Zi Wang, Chang Zhang, Shiyu Li
ABSTRACT Identity issues have been an area of focus in language learning motivation scholarship. However, the role of national identity in language learning motivation has not received sufficient attention. In response to the timely call for reflections on nationalism and language education, this study examines how political nationalism and cultural nationalism shape Chinese learners’ motivation to learn Japanese. Our analysis suggests that cultural nationalism considerably enhances Chinese learners’ motivation whereas the motivational impact of political nationalism is bifurcate. Our research helps illuminate the mechanism of the rooted L2 self and national interest in language learning motivation, especially in the Chinese context.
{"title":"Does nationalism motivate or demotivate? Unpacking complex identity-motivation nexus in the context of Chinese learners of Japanese","authors":"Zi Wang, Chang Zhang, Shiyu Li","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2195855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2195855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Identity issues have been an area of focus in language learning motivation scholarship. However, the role of national identity in language learning motivation has not received sufficient attention. In response to the timely call for reflections on nationalism and language education, this study examines how political nationalism and cultural nationalism shape Chinese learners’ motivation to learn Japanese. Our analysis suggests that cultural nationalism considerably enhances Chinese learners’ motivation whereas the motivational impact of political nationalism is bifurcate. Our research helps illuminate the mechanism of the rooted L2 self and national interest in language learning motivation, especially in the Chinese context.","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2189264
Sarah Hopkyns
ABSTRACT Unlike other areas of the Middle East, where nationalism indexes war, border disputes and the dichotomy of ‘us / them’, nationalism in the UAE is usually considered ‘banal’. Banal nationalism, which refers to everyday unconscious flagging of nationalism, receives less attention than ‘hot’ nationalism. However, banal nationalism is not benign. Rather, chronotopic complexities in ‘imagined communities’ impact intercultural communication and belonging in diverse societies. With almost 90% of the UAE’s population being foreign residents, many residents have loyalties and ideological habits from both their country of birth and country of residence. Here, a ‘third space’ often emerges whereby notions of belonging are complex and multilayered. Paradoxical discourses around the creation of ‘authentic’ national spaces run parallel to discourses of tolerance and cosmopolitanism. This article aims to critically assess the implications of contemporary banal, civic, and cultural nationalism to inform future research directions in the UAE setting and beyond.
{"title":"Banal, civic, and cultural nationalism in the United Arab Emirates: paradoxical discourses and complexities","authors":"Sarah Hopkyns","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2189264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2189264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Unlike other areas of the Middle East, where nationalism indexes war, border disputes and the dichotomy of ‘us / them’, nationalism in the UAE is usually considered ‘banal’. Banal nationalism, which refers to everyday unconscious flagging of nationalism, receives less attention than ‘hot’ nationalism. However, banal nationalism is not benign. Rather, chronotopic complexities in ‘imagined communities’ impact intercultural communication and belonging in diverse societies. With almost 90% of the UAE’s population being foreign residents, many residents have loyalties and ideological habits from both their country of birth and country of residence. Here, a ‘third space’ often emerges whereby notions of belonging are complex and multilayered. Paradoxical discourses around the creation of ‘authentic’ national spaces run parallel to discourses of tolerance and cosmopolitanism. This article aims to critically assess the implications of contemporary banal, civic, and cultural nationalism to inform future research directions in the UAE setting and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42252288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2184826
N. Curran
ABSTRACT This article considers the potential of language-focused online teaching platforms (OTPs) for fostering intercultural communication among their users. Drawing on interviews alongside an analysis of two OTPs websites, I argue that OTPs' webpages (re)produce banal nationalism grounded in nation-language congruence and instrumentalist language ideologies that conceive of language learning in terms of potential socioeconomic gains. However, I also find that: (1) learners' experiences can result in them questioning essentialist language ideologies; and (2) many users embrace a language ideology of conversational cosmopolitanism, which is premised on open-minded interaction with others and is consistent with the goals of intercultural communication educators.
{"title":"Banal nationalism and conversational cosmopolitanism: the potential of online language education for intercultural communication","authors":"N. Curran","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2184826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2184826","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article considers the potential of language-focused online teaching platforms (OTPs) for fostering intercultural communication among their users. Drawing on interviews alongside an analysis of two OTPs websites, I argue that OTPs' webpages (re)produce banal nationalism grounded in nation-language congruence and instrumentalist language ideologies that conceive of language learning in terms of potential socioeconomic gains. However, I also find that: (1) learners' experiences can result in them questioning essentialist language ideologies; and (2) many users embrace a language ideology of conversational cosmopolitanism, which is premised on open-minded interaction with others and is consistent with the goals of intercultural communication educators.","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48968338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2187058
Annette Rasmussen
ABSTRACT Citizenship education in Denmark is considered as having a long history, not least as an important part of the folk high school tradition. More recently, it has become an important ingredient in the process for immigrants to obtain Danish citizenship. The focus of this paper is to analyse how the above types of citizenship education build on a particular imagining of the nation by engaging with the tradition and content of citizenship education as linked with the folk high schools and the preparation for the citizenship test. This is analysed within a critical interculturalist perspective and with Denmark as case.
{"title":"Imagining and building the nation through citizenship education: an interculturalist perspective on the case of Denmark","authors":"Annette Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2187058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2187058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Citizenship education in Denmark is considered as having a long history, not least as an important part of the folk high school tradition. More recently, it has become an important ingredient in the process for immigrants to obtain Danish citizenship. The focus of this paper is to analyse how the above types of citizenship education build on a particular imagining of the nation by engaging with the tradition and content of citizenship education as linked with the folk high schools and the preparation for the citizenship test. This is analysed within a critical interculturalist perspective and with Denmark as case.","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2023.2180514
Sarah Jernigan, Sevsem Cicek-Okay, S. Kroeger, A. Beydoun, Riham M Alwan
ABSTRACT Many refugees have unique health needs that may result from their resettlement. This study examined how Syrian refugees in the Cincinnati area prefer to receive medical information and the role that interpreters encompass in the doctor-patient relationship. Findings indicated that participants prefer to receive medical information via in-person interpreters, translated paper or digital materials, or text messages. Refugees from this study expressed that interpreters were commonly not present for medical visits and language confusion occasionally occurred even when they attended. Due to negative experiences, participants from this study did not always view interpreters as cultural brokers. العديد من اللاجئين لديهم احتياجات صحية فريدة قد تنتج عن إعادة توطينهم. درست هذه الدراسة كيف يفضل اللاجئون السوريون في منطقة سينسيناتي تلقي المعلومات الطبية والدور الذي يلعبه المترجمون الفوريون في العلاقة بين الطبيب والمريض. أشارت النتائج إلى أن المشاركين يفضلون تلقي المعلومات الطبية من خلال مترجمين شخصيًا أو ورق مترجَم أو مواد رقمية أو رسائل نصية. أعرب اللاجئون من هذه الدراسة عن عدم وجود المترجمين الفوريين للزيارات الطبية وأن الارتباك اللغوي يحدث أحيانًا حتى أثناء حضورهم. بسبب التجارب السلبية ، لم ينظر المشاركون في هذه الدراسة دائمًا إلى المترجمين الفوريين على أنهم وسطاء ثقافيون .
{"title":"Syrian refugees receiving information: an approach to dissemination of medical resources","authors":"Sarah Jernigan, Sevsem Cicek-Okay, S. Kroeger, A. Beydoun, Riham M Alwan","doi":"10.1080/14708477.2023.2180514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2023.2180514","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many refugees have unique health needs that may result from their resettlement. This study examined how Syrian refugees in the Cincinnati area prefer to receive medical information and the role that interpreters encompass in the doctor-patient relationship. Findings indicated that participants prefer to receive medical information via in-person interpreters, translated paper or digital materials, or text messages. Refugees from this study expressed that interpreters were commonly not present for medical visits and language confusion occasionally occurred even when they attended. Due to negative experiences, participants from this study did not always view interpreters as cultural brokers. العديد من اللاجئين لديهم احتياجات صحية فريدة قد تنتج عن إعادة توطينهم. درست هذه الدراسة كيف يفضل اللاجئون السوريون في منطقة سينسيناتي تلقي المعلومات الطبية والدور الذي يلعبه المترجمون الفوريون في العلاقة بين الطبيب والمريض. أشارت النتائج إلى أن المشاركين يفضلون تلقي المعلومات الطبية من خلال مترجمين شخصيًا أو ورق مترجَم أو مواد رقمية أو رسائل نصية. أعرب اللاجئون من هذه الدراسة عن عدم وجود المترجمين الفوريين للزيارات الطبية وأن الارتباك اللغوي يحدث أحيانًا حتى أثناء حضورهم. بسبب التجارب السلبية ، لم ينظر المشاركون في هذه الدراسة دائمًا إلى المترجمين الفوريين على أنهم وسطاء ثقافيون .","PeriodicalId":46608,"journal":{"name":"Language and Intercultural Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47429523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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