首页 > 最新文献

British Journal for the History of Science最新文献

英文 中文
Communicating science, mediating presence: reflections on the present, past and future of conferencing. 传播科学,调解存在:对会议的现在、过去和未来的思考。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000365
Charlotte Bigg

The move online of almost all meetings in 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic threw into sharp relief the taken-for-granted centrality of conferences within scientific culture. While its impact on science has yet to be fully grasped, for the authors of this special issue, this situation held heuristic power for understanding the meanings and functions, now and historically, of international scientific conferencing. Ongoing discussions in the academic world about the pros and cons of virtual meetings bring out the central place of presence in these events and its mediation across space and time by modern infrastructures and technologies. From their rise in the mid-nineteenth century to the experiences of the present day, as well as in imagined futures, international conferences have been about communication. Following James Carey, they can be considered both as places for sharing knowledge and as rituals aimed at fostering and performing communities.

新冠肺炎大流行后,2020年几乎所有会议都在网上举行,这大大缓解了会议在科学文化中理所当然的中心地位。虽然它对科学的影响尚未完全掌握,但对于本期特刊的作者来说,这种情况对理解国际科学会议的意义和功能具有启发性的力量。学术界正在进行的关于虚拟会议利弊的讨论揭示了这些活动的中心地位,以及现代基础设施和技术在空间和时间上的中介作用。从19世纪中期的兴起到今天的经历,以及想象中的未来,国际会议都是关于沟通的。继詹姆斯·凯里之后,它们既可以被视为分享知识的场所,也可以被视是旨在培养和表演社区的仪式。
{"title":"Communicating science, mediating presence: reflections on the present, past and future of conferencing.","authors":"Charlotte Bigg","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000365","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The move online of almost all meetings in 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic threw into sharp relief the taken-for-granted centrality of conferences within scientific culture. While its impact on science has yet to be fully grasped, for the authors of this special issue, this situation held heuristic power for understanding the meanings and functions, now and historically, of international scientific conferencing. Ongoing discussions in the academic world about the pros and cons of virtual meetings bring out the central place of presence in these events and its mediation across space and time by modern infrastructures and technologies. From their rise in the mid-nineteenth century to the experiences of the present day, as well as in imagined futures, international conferences have been about communication. Following James Carey, they can be considered both as places for sharing knowledge and as rituals aimed at fostering and performing communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"567-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea. 谈判保护和竞争:韩国的国家公园和“战胜共产主义”外交。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000316
Jaehwan Hyun

Focusing on South Korean biologists and their efforts to establish national parks in the 1960s and 1970s, I illuminate the ways in which they negotiated their relationship with the ecological diplomacy of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the anti-communist and developmentalist diplomacy of the South Korean government. To justify their activities, these South Korean biologists emphasized the importance of nature conservation activities in the competition for international recognition and economic development with their northern counterparts. The national-park initiative was thus subsumed into the politics of this legitimacy competition between the two Koreas, or what I call 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy. The IUCN's influence over South Korea was limited to the extent that both the government and scientists recognized the diplomatic merit they could gain in the context of their Cold War competition and developmentalism. It is also shown how, during the short detente period of the two Koreas, South Korean biologists used victory-over-communism diplomacy to renew their government's attention to their activities. This Korean episode contributes to the wider perspective of decentralizing the Cold War history of environmental diplomacy in the free-world bloc by illustrating the importance of its entanglement with the Cold War politics surrounding Asian developmentalism.

我聚焦于韩国生物学家和他们在20世纪60年代和70年代建立国家公园的努力,阐明了他们如何与国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)的生态外交和韩国政府的反共和发展主义外交谈判他们的关系。为了证明他们的活动是合理的,这些韩国生物学家强调了自然保护活动在与北方同行争夺国际认可和经济发展方面的重要性。因此,国家公园的倡议被纳入了两国之间合法性竞争的政治,或者我称之为“战胜共产主义”的外交。世界自然保护联盟对韩国的影响是有限的,因为政府和科学家都认识到,在冷战竞争和发展主义的背景下,他们可以获得外交上的好处。在短暂的朝韩缓和时期,韩国生物学家如何利用战胜共产主义外交来重新引起政府对他们活动的关注。这一韩国事件通过说明其与围绕亚洲发展主义的冷战政治纠缠的重要性,有助于更广泛地分散自由世界集团环境外交的冷战历史。
{"title":"Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea.","authors":"Jaehwan Hyun","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focusing on South Korean biologists and their efforts to establish national parks in the 1960s and 1970s, I illuminate the ways in which they negotiated their relationship with the ecological diplomacy of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the anti-communist and developmentalist diplomacy of the South Korean government. To justify their activities, these South Korean biologists emphasized the importance of nature conservation activities in the competition for international recognition and economic development with their northern counterparts. The national-park initiative was thus subsumed into the politics of this legitimacy competition between the two Koreas, or what I call 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy. The IUCN's influence over South Korea was limited to the extent that both the government and scientists recognized the diplomatic merit they could gain in the context of their Cold War competition and developmentalism. It is also shown how, during the short detente period of the two Koreas, South Korean biologists used victory-over-communism diplomacy to renew their government's attention to their activities. This Korean episode contributes to the wider perspective of decentralizing the Cold War history of environmental diplomacy in the free-world bloc by illustrating the importance of its entanglement with the Cold War politics surrounding Asian developmentalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What mysteries lay in spore: taxonomy, data, and the internationalization of mycology in Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum. 孢子的奥秘在于:分类、数据和萨卡多的Sylloge Fungorum真菌学的国际化。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000158
Brad Bolman

Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo is best remembered for his monumental Sylloge Fungorum, the first 'modern' effort to compile all identified fungi within a single classification scheme. The existing history of mycology is limited and has primarily focused on developments within England, but this article argues that Saccardo and his collaborators on the Sylloge supported a vital transnational expansion of mycological knowledge exchange and played a crucial role in stabilizing the tangled knot of local naming and identification among the world's amateur and professional mycologists. Written in the 'universal' scientific language of Latin, the Sylloge served as an early database of fungal knowledge and symbolized a broader unification of mycological inquiry in a moment of expanded scientific correspondence. The article situates this proto-database in broader histories of big data in biology and shows how the Sylloge formed a globalizing foundation for the twentieth century's major collecting and taxonomic advances in mycology.

意大利真菌学家Pier Andrea Saccardo因其不朽的Sylloge Fungorum而被人们铭记,这是第一次在单一分类方案中汇编所有已鉴定真菌的“现代”努力。真菌学的现有历史是有限的,并且主要集中在英格兰境内的发展,但这篇文章认为,萨卡多和他在Sylloge上的合作者支持了真菌学知识交流的重要跨国扩张,并在稳定世界业余和专业真菌学家之间的本地命名和识别的纠结中发挥了至关重要的作用。Sylloge是用拉丁语的“通用”科学语言编写的,它是真菌知识的早期数据库,象征着在科学对应关系扩大的时刻,真菌研究的更广泛统一。这篇文章将这个原始数据库置于生物学大数据的更广泛历史中,并展示了Sylloge是如何为二十世纪真菌学的主要收集和分类学进步奠定全球化基础的。
{"title":"What mysteries lay in spore: taxonomy, data, and the internationalization of mycology in Saccardo's <i>Sylloge Fungorum</i>.","authors":"Brad Bolman","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000158","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo is best remembered for his monumental <i>Sylloge Fungorum</i>, the first 'modern' effort to compile all identified fungi within a single classification scheme. The existing history of mycology is limited and has primarily focused on developments within England, but this article argues that Saccardo and his collaborators on the <i>Sylloge</i> supported a vital transnational expansion of mycological knowledge exchange and played a crucial role in stabilizing the tangled knot of local naming and identification among the world's amateur and professional mycologists. Written in the 'universal' scientific language of Latin, the <i>Sylloge</i> served as an early database of fungal knowledge and symbolized a broader unification of mycological inquiry in a moment of expanded scientific correspondence. The article situates this proto-database in broader histories of big data in biology and shows how the <i>Sylloge</i> formed a globalizing foundation for the twentieth century's major collecting and taxonomic advances in mycology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"369-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9540290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jodhpur and the aeroplane: aviation and diplomacy in an Indian state 1924-1952. 焦特布尔与飞机:1924-1952年印度某邦的航空与外交。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000298
Aashique Ahmed Iqbal

This paper is a study of the intersection between aviation and diplomacy in the semi-autonomous Indian state of Jodhpur in the final decades of British colonial rule in India. Jodhpur's Maharaja Umaid Singh established a major international aerodrome, patronized one of India's first flying clubs and collaborated with British authorities to make aviation laws for the Indian states. He would also serve in the Royal Air Force during the war and placed Jodhpur state's aviation resources at the disposal of the king-emperor. This paper argues that Jodhpur was able to leverage its aviation resources to wield substantial influence both within and beyond the British Empire through both war and peace. An analysis of Jodhpur's engagement with aviation diplomacy is also revealing of some of the limitations as well as possibilities for the deployment of science diplomacy frameworks, especially in non-Western contexts.

本文研究了英国在印度殖民统治的最后几十年里,印度半自治的焦特布尔邦的航空和外交之间的交集。焦特布尔的王公Umaid Singh建立了一个主要的国际机场,资助了印度首批飞行俱乐部之一,并与英国当局合作为印度各邦制定航空法。战争期间,他还将在皇家空军服役,并将焦特布尔邦的航空资源交给国王皇帝使用。本文认为,无论是战争还是和平时期,焦特布尔都能够利用其航空资源在大英帝国内外施加重大影响。对焦特布尔参与航空外交的分析也揭示了科学外交框架部署的一些局限性和可能性,特别是在非西方背景下。
{"title":"Jodhpur and the aeroplane: aviation and diplomacy in an Indian state 1924-1952.","authors":"Aashique Ahmed Iqbal","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is a study of the intersection between aviation and diplomacy in the semi-autonomous Indian state of Jodhpur in the final decades of British colonial rule in India. Jodhpur's Maharaja Umaid Singh established a major international aerodrome, patronized one of India's first flying clubs and collaborated with British authorities to make aviation laws for the Indian states. He would also serve in the Royal Air Force during the war and placed Jodhpur state's aviation resources at the disposal of the king-emperor. This paper argues that Jodhpur was able to leverage its aviation resources to wield substantial influence both within and beyond the British Empire through both war and peace. An analysis of Jodhpur's engagement with aviation diplomacy is also revealing of some of the limitations as well as possibilities for the deployment of science diplomacy frameworks, especially in non-Western contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10502530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870-1900. 黄鼠狼和蜱虫的瘟疫:1870-1900年牙买加的动物引入、生态灾难和自然平衡。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000286
Matthew Holmes

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, British colonists in Jamaica became increasingly exasperated by the damage caused to their sugar plantations by rats. In 1872, a British planter attempted to solve this problem by introducing the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata). The animals, however, turned on Jamaica's insectivorous birds and reptiles, leading to an explosion in the tick population. This paper situates the mongoose catastrophe as a closing chapter in the history of the nineteenth-century acclimatization movement. While foreign observers saw the introduction of the mongoose as a cautionary tale, caricaturing British Jamaica as overrun by a plague of weasels and ticks, British colonists, administrators and naturalists - identifying a gradual decline of both populations - argued that the 'balance of nature' would eventually reassert itself. As this paper argues, through this dubious claim they were attempting to retrospectively rationalize or justify the introductions and their disastrous aftermath. This strategy enabled them to gloss over the lasting ecological damage caused by the mongoose, and allowed its adherents to continue their uncritical support of both the Jamaican plantation economy and animal introductions in the British Empire.

19世纪末,牙买加的英国殖民者对老鼠对他们的甘蔗种植园造成的破坏越来越愤怒。1872年,一位英国种植园主试图通过引进小型印度猫鼬来解决这个问题。然而,这些动物转而攻击牙买加的食虫鸟类和爬行动物,导致蜱虫数量激增。本文将猫鼬灾难视为19世纪适应运动历史的最后一章。虽然外国观察家认为猫鼬的引入是一个警示故事,讽刺英属牙买加被黄鼠狼和蜱虫的瘟疫所淹没,但英国殖民者、行政人员和博物学家认为,这两种种群都在逐渐减少,他们认为“自然平衡”最终会重新确立。正如本文所说,通过这种可疑的说法,他们试图追溯性地合理化或证明这些介绍及其灾难性后果的合理性。这一策略使他们能够掩盖猫鼬造成的持久生态破坏,并使猫鼬的追随者能够继续不加批判地支持牙买加种植园经济和大英帝国的动物引进。
{"title":"A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870-1900.","authors":"Matthew Holmes","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000286","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Towards the end of the nineteenth century, British colonists in Jamaica became increasingly exasperated by the damage caused to their sugar plantations by rats. In 1872, a British planter attempted to solve this problem by introducing the small Indian mongoose (<i>Urva auropunctata</i>). The animals, however, turned on Jamaica's insectivorous birds and reptiles, leading to an explosion in the tick population. This paper situates the mongoose catastrophe as a closing chapter in the history of the nineteenth-century acclimatization movement. While foreign observers saw the introduction of the mongoose as a cautionary tale, caricaturing British Jamaica as overrun by a plague of weasels and ticks, British colonists, administrators and naturalists - identifying a gradual decline of both populations - argued that the 'balance of nature' would eventually reassert itself. As this paper argues, through this dubious claim they were attempting to retrospectively rationalize or justify the introductions and their disastrous aftermath. This strategy enabled them to gloss over the lasting ecological damage caused by the mongoose, and allowed its adherents to continue their uncritical support of both the Jamaican plantation economy and animal introductions in the British Empire.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"391-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformations: the material representation of historical experiments in science teaching. 转化:科学教学中历史实验的物质表现。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000274
Peter Heering

Some experiments from the history of physics became so famous that they not only made it into the textbook canon but were transformed into lecture demonstration performances and student laboratory activities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While, at first glance, some of these demonstrations as well as the related instruments do resemble their historical ancestors, a closer examination reveals significant differences both in the instruments themselves and in the practices and meanings associated with them. In this paper, I analyse the relation between the research instruments and the respective teaching demonstrations. In doing so, I particularly distinguish between demonstrations that address the process of the actual experimental procedures, and those that focus on the outcome or results (the product) of the experiment. This distinction will be illustrated in some exemplary case studies from the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth in which both the historical experiment and the related educational devices are analysed. The tension between the historical experiment on the one hand, and the different variants of the teaching version on the other, result in the educational as well as epistemological problems that are discussed in this paper.

物理学史上的一些实验变得如此著名,以至于它们不仅成为教科书的经典,而且在19世纪和20世纪被转化为课堂演示表演和学生实验室活动。虽然乍一看,其中一些演示以及相关文书确实与它们的历史祖先相似,但仔细研究就会发现,这些文书本身以及与之相关的实践和意义都存在重大差异。在本文中,我分析了研究工具与各自的教学演示之间的关系。在这样做的过程中,我特别区分了涉及实际实验程序过程的演示和关注实验结果或结果(产品)的演示。这种区别将在19世纪末和20世纪初的一些典型案例研究中得到说明,在这些案例研究中,对历史实验和相关的教育手段进行了分析。历史实验和教学版本的不同变体之间的紧张关系导致了本文所讨论的教育和认识论问题。
{"title":"Transformations: the material representation of historical experiments in science teaching.","authors":"Peter Heering","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000274","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some experiments from the history of physics became so famous that they not only made it into the textbook canon but were transformed into lecture demonstration performances and student laboratory activities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While, at first glance, some of these demonstrations as well as the related instruments do resemble their historical ancestors, a closer examination reveals significant differences both in the instruments themselves and in the practices and meanings associated with them. In this paper, I analyse the relation between the research instruments and the respective teaching demonstrations. In doing so, I particularly distinguish between demonstrations that address the process of the actual experimental procedures, and those that focus on the outcome or results (the product) of the experiment. This distinction will be illustrated in some exemplary case studies from the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth in which both the historical experiment and the related educational devices are analysed. The tension between the historical experiment on the one hand, and the different variants of the teaching version on the other, result in the educational as well as epistemological problems that are discussed in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"351-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From museumization to decolonization: fostering critical dialogues in the history of science with a Haida eagle mask. 从博物馆化到非殖民化:戴着海达鹰面具促进科学史上的批判性对话。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000043
Efram Sera-Shriar

This paper explores the process from museumization to decolonization through an examination of a Haida eagle mask currently on display in the Exploring Medicine gallery at the Science Museum in London. While elements of this discussion are well developed in some disciplines, such as Indigenous studies, anthropology and museum and heritage studies, this paper approaches the topic through the history of science, where decolonization and global perspectives are still gaining momentum. The aim therefore is to offer some opening perspectives and methods on how historians of science can use the ideas and approaches relating to decolonization in other fields, and apply them constructively to the history of science, particularly in museum settings. Decolonization is a complicated process and the focus of this paper is squarely on the preliminary steps of its implementation. To understand this process fully, the paper will recontextualize the Indigenous history of the Haida eagle mask at the Science Museum through a careful reconstruction of its provenance record. Through this process it will expose the politics of erasure and hidden voices in museum collections.

本文通过检查目前在伦敦科学博物馆探索医学画廊展出的海达鹰面具,探索了从博物馆化到非殖民化的过程。虽然这一讨论的内容在一些学科中得到了很好的发展,如土著研究、人类学、博物馆和遗产研究,但本文通过科学史来探讨这一主题,在科学史中,非殖民化和全球视角仍在增长。因此,目的是就科学历史学家如何在其他领域使用与非殖民化有关的思想和方法提供一些开放的视角和方法,并将其建设性地应用于科学史,特别是在博物馆环境中。非殖民化是一个复杂的过程,本文件的重点完全放在执行非殖民化的初步步骤上。为了充分理解这一过程,本文将通过仔细重建海达鹰面具的起源记录,重新文本化科学博物馆海达鹰面罩的土著历史。通过这个过程,它将揭露博物馆藏品中的抹杀政治和隐藏的声音。
{"title":"From museumization to decolonization: fostering critical dialogues in the history of science with a Haida eagle mask.","authors":"Efram Sera-Shriar","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000043","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the process from museumization to decolonization through an examination of a Haida eagle mask currently on display in the Exploring Medicine gallery at the Science Museum in London. While elements of this discussion are well developed in some disciplines, such as Indigenous studies, anthropology and museum and heritage studies, this paper approaches the topic through the history of science, where decolonization and global perspectives are still gaining momentum. The aim therefore is to offer some opening perspectives and methods on how historians of science can use the ideas and approaches relating to decolonization in other fields, and apply them constructively to the history of science, particularly in museum settings. Decolonization is a complicated process and the focus of this paper is squarely on the preliminary steps of its implementation. To understand this process fully, the paper will recontextualize the Indigenous history of the Haida eagle mask at the Science Museum through a careful reconstruction of its provenance record. Through this process it will expose the politics of erasure and hidden voices in museum collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"309-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10837962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presidential Address 'Some years of cudgelling my brains about the nature and function of science museums': Frank Sherwood Taylor and the public role of the history of science. 总统演讲“多年来,我一直在思考科学博物馆的性质和功能”:弗兰克·舍伍德·泰勒和科学史的公众角色。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000237
Tim Boon

Frank Sherwood Taylor was director of the Science Museum London for just over five years from October 1950. He was the only historian of science ever to have been director of this institution, which has always ridden a tightrope between advocacy of science and advocacy of its history, balancing differently at different points in its history. He was also president of the BSHS from 1951 to 1953. So what happened when a historian got his hands on the nation's pre-eminent public museum of science? To what extent did his historian's training and instincts affect his policies whilst director, and with what effect in the longer term? Taking this exceptional case, I suggest, enables us to consider how museum accounts of the past of science relate to historiographies of science otherwise available in the culture. In this discussion, drawing on new archival research, I consider the role of history within a key policy paper he wrote in 1951. I analyse and contextualize its main themes before considering, by way of conclusion, his legacy.

弗兰克·舍伍德·泰勒从1950年10月起担任伦敦科学博物馆馆长仅五年多。他是有史以来唯一一位担任该机构主任的科学历史学家,该机构一直在倡导科学和倡导历史之间走钢丝,在历史的不同时刻保持不同的平衡。1951年至1953年,他还是BSHS的主席。那么,当一位历史学家获得了美国著名的公共科学博物馆时,发生了什么呢?他的历史学家的训练和直觉在多大程度上影响了他担任导演期间的政策,从长远来看会产生什么影响?我认为,以这种特殊的情况为例,我们可以考虑博物馆对科学历史的描述与文化中其他可用的科学史书之间的关系。在这次讨论中,我借鉴了新的档案研究,考虑了历史在他1951年写的一篇关键政策文件中的作用。在总结他的遗产之前,我对其主要主题进行了分析和背景分析。
{"title":"Presidential Address 'Some years of cudgelling my brains about the nature and function of science museums': Frank Sherwood Taylor and the public role of the history of science.","authors":"Tim Boon","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000237","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frank Sherwood Taylor was director of the Science Museum London for just over five years from October 1950. He was the only historian of science ever to have been director of this institution, which has always ridden a tightrope between advocacy of science and advocacy of its history, balancing differently at different points in its history. He was also president of the BSHS from 1951 to 1953. So what happened when a historian got his hands on the nation's pre-eminent public museum of science? To what extent did his historian's training and instincts affect his policies whilst director, and with what effect in the longer term? Taking this exceptional case, I suggest, enables us to consider how museum accounts of the past of science relate to historiographies of science otherwise available in the culture. In this discussion, drawing on new archival research, I consider the role of history within a key policy paper he wrote in 1951. I analyse and contextualize its main themes before considering, by way of conclusion, his legacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"283-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Van Leeuwenhoek - the film: remaking memory in Dutch science cinema 1925-c.1960. 范·列文虎克-电影:在荷兰科学电影中重塑记忆1925-c.1960。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742300016X
Mieneke Te Hennepe

This paper examines how the production, content and reception of the film Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1924) influenced the historical framing of science. The film features microcinematography by the pioneering Dutch filmmaker Jan Cornelis Mol (1891-1954), and was part of a dynamic process of commemorating seventeenth-century microscopy and bacteriology through an early instance of visual re-creation - a new way of using scientific material heritage, and of enabling audiences to supposedly observe the world of microscopic organisms in just the same way as the Dutch scientist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) had observed them for himself. Knowledge transfer concerning material culture, around both historical and contemporary instruments, was the determining factor in the microcinematography practices applied in this film. The production and experience of the film also mirrored the seventeenth-century process of experimentation, playing with optics, and visualizing an entirely new and unknown world. Unlike other biographical science films of the 1920s, Antony van Leeuwenhoek featured abstract depictions of time and movement that allowed the audience to connect the history of science with microcinematography, contributing to the memory of Van Leeuwenhoek's work as the origins of bacteriology in the process.

本文考察了电影安东尼·范·列文虎克(1924)的制作、内容和接受对科学历史框架的影响。这部电影以荷兰先驱电影制作人Jan Cornelis Mol(1891-1954)的微电影摄影为特色,是通过早期视觉重建来纪念17世纪显微镜和细菌学的动态过程的一部分,这是一种利用科学物质遗产的新方式,以及让观众能够像荷兰科学家安东尼·范·列文虎克(1632-1723)自己观察微观生物一样观察微观生物的世界。关于物质文化的知识转移,围绕着历史和当代仪器,是这部电影中应用的显微摄影实践的决定因素。这部电影的制作和体验也反映了17世纪的实验过程,玩弄光学,想象一个全新的未知世界。与20世纪20年代的其他传记科学电影不同,安东尼·范·列文虎克对时间和运动进行了抽象描述,使观众能够将科学史与显微摄影术联系起来,从而有助于记忆范·列文虎克的作品,将其视为这一过程中细菌学的起源。
{"title":"Van Leeuwenhoek - the film: remaking memory in Dutch science cinema 1925-<i>c.</i>1960.","authors":"Mieneke Te Hennepe","doi":"10.1017/S000708742300016X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000708742300016X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines how the production, content and reception of the film <i>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</i> (1924) influenced the historical framing of science. The film features microcinematography by the pioneering Dutch filmmaker Jan Cornelis Mol (1891-1954), and was part of a dynamic process of commemorating seventeenth-century microscopy and bacteriology through an early instance of visual re-creation - a new way of using scientific material heritage, and of enabling audiences to supposedly observe the world of microscopic organisms in just the same way as the Dutch scientist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) had observed them for himself. Knowledge transfer concerning material culture, around both historical and contemporary instruments, was the determining factor in the microcinematography practices applied in this film. The production and experience of the film also mirrored the seventeenth-century process of experimentation, playing with optics, and visualizing an entirely new and unknown world. Unlike other biographical science films of the 1920s, <i>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</i> featured abstract depictions of time and movement that allowed the audience to connect the history of science with microcinematography, contributing to the memory of Van Leeuwenhoek's work as the origins of bacteriology in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"329-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: Power to the image! Science, technology and visual diplomacy. 介绍:动力到形象!科学、技术和视觉外交。
IF 0.8 1区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000146
Simone Turchetti, Matthew Adamson

This special issue explores the power that images with a techno-scientific content can have in international relations. As we introduce the articles in the collection, we highlight how the study of this influence extends current research in the separate (but increasingly interacting) domains of history of science and technology, and political science. We then show how images of different types (photographs, cartoons and plots) can inform inter-state transactions through their public appeal alongside the better-studied dialogic practices of the diplomatic arena. Finally, we offer an analysis of the interlacing of different diplomatic tracks based on words and images and conclude that, in contrast with words, images conflate agency and argument, therefore creating opportunities to inform transactions and negotiations which their designers may not have even intended.

本期特刊探讨了科技图片在国际关系中的影响力。在介绍文集中的文章时,我们强调了对这种影响的研究如何扩展了科学技术史和政治学这两个独立(但日益相互作用)领域的当前研究。然后,我们展示了不同类型的图像(照片,漫画和情节)如何通过其公众吸引力以及外交舞台上更好研究的对话实践来告知国家间的交易。最后,我们对基于文字和图像的不同外交轨道的交错进行了分析,并得出结论,与文字相比,图像将代理和论点混为一谈,因此创造了为交易和谈判提供信息的机会,而这些交易和谈判的设计者可能甚至没有打算这样做。
{"title":"Introduction: Power to the image! Science, technology and visual diplomacy.","authors":"Simone Turchetti,&nbsp;Matthew Adamson","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This special issue explores the power that images with a techno-scientific content can have in international relations. As we introduce the articles in the collection, we highlight how the study of this influence extends current research in the separate (but increasingly interacting) domains of history of science and technology, and political science. We then show how images of different types (photographs, cartoons and plots) can inform inter-state transactions through their public appeal alongside the better-studied dialogic practices of the diplomatic arena. Finally, we offer an analysis of the interlacing of different diplomatic tracks based on words and images and conclude that, in contrast with words, images conflate agency and argument, therefore creating opportunities to inform transactions and negotiations which their designers may not have even intended.</p>","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
British Journal for the History of Science
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1