Borsa Istanbul Review最新文献

Suppressing corporate financialization exacerbated by rising labor costs is an important micro-level issue for revitalizing the manufacturing industry. This research investigates the interaction mechanism among labor costs and financialization, using panel data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2022 in the context of the disappearance of the demographic dividend. The results of the moderated mediation model show that rising labor costs worsen financialization by reducing corporate profitability and increase financialization through negative earnings manipulation, whereas digitization suppresses both the direct and indirect effect of labor costs. Therefore, measures should be taken to enhance the profitability and accounting transparency of companies undergoing the process of accelerating digitization.

This study is the first to analyze the impact of domestic political unrest on Kuwait’s stock market. Our data indicates a daily market decline of 0.16 percent during periods when the parliament is suspended. This translates to a 7.1 percent loss in the value of the Kuwait Stock Exchange for each period of suspension. Our findings suggest that Kuwait, despite having a more democratic political system, experiences greater economic instability than Saudi Arabia. This research highlights the nuanced relationship between the political structure and economic performance, particularly in emerging markets, challenging the notion that more democracy invariably leads to better economic outcomes.

The group of companies formed by Meta, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon and Alphabet have become a successful investment alternative in the U.S. stock market. In this context, the aim of this research is to provide investment strategies based on these companies to the challenge of how individual investors should allocate their funds in a portfolio and outperform benchmarks such as the SPY ETF or a naïve portfolio. To this end, we developed a total of 20 asset allocation models and constructed portfolios with different rebalancing periods between April 2014 and June 2022. Our overall results reveal that a combination of a short window length for estimating the parameters of the asset allocation models and a procedure that takes downside risk into account, more precisely the Lower Partial Moment approach, significantly outperforms the alternative of investing in the SPY ETF and also the naïve portfolio.

The emergence of Covid-19 in late 2019 rapidly shattered the Asia-Pacific region (APR), a bastion of economic dynamism, and it became the epicenter of the global health crisis. This unprecedented pandemic not only triggered a public health catastrophe but also unleashed a financial storm, exposing vulnerability within the region's interconnected economies. This study identifies the factors driving volatility spillovers within Asian-Pacific financial markets during the initial wave of the Covid-19 pandemic (January 2020–February 2021). We analyze the interplay of pandemic transmission dynamics, government interventions, central bank policies, and socioeconomic variables. Our findings reveal a robust and persistent association between the rising number of Covid-19 cases per million and volatility spillovers. We introduce three novel determinants—the number of intensive care unit beds, population density, and the proportion of the elderly population—which significantly impact volatility transmission in response to new cases. Stringent government measures, such as travel bans and lockdowns, mitigate volatility spillovers. Conversely, central bank policies increase volatility spillovers. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of financial market dynamics in the context of global health emergencies. This knowledge equips policy makers in the APR with valuable tools for navigating future crises.

In response to the reform in the Malaysian market that requires all publicly listed companies (PLCs) to have at least one female director on the board, this study examines how female directors’ attributes (FDAs) shape integrated reporting quality (IRQ) and assesses the potential influence of substantial shareholders on the FDA–IRQ nexus. Using all Malaysian PLCs implementing the integrated reporting from 2017 to 2021, our analysis yields four key findings. First, a positive relationship exists between the presence of a Muslim female director and IRQ. Second, female directors with financial expertise and those with higher education positively impact IRQ. Third, the holding of multiple directorships by female directors is negatively linked to IRQ, and the length of their tenure shows no significant effect. Fourth, the relationship between FDAs and IRQ is more pronounced in contexts with a greater ownership concentration. These results remain robust after rigorous analysis and mitigating for potential biases. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in understanding the implications of gender diversity and IRQ in emerging markets.

This study examines the practices of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Asian countries with special reference to listed firms in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia. Further, it evaluates the impact of firms’ specific factors on SDGs practices. The original sample consists of 1462 companies for the 2018–2021 financial years. Data are extracted from the Refinitiv Eikon Database. One-way ANOVA and regression analysis are used to estimate the data. Results reveal that there is a significant difference in SDGs practices among the elected countries. Moreover, results reveal that Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), market value added, leverage, and current ratio have a negative and significant impact on SDGs practices, while the Earnings per Share (EPS) has a positive and significant impact on SDGs practices. This research contributes to the existing literature by making a comparison among the Asian largest economies regarding the achievement of UN sustainable development goals.

This study examines market and future-level sentiment in the Chinese agricultural futures market, distinguishing between contagious and idiosyncratic sentiment. Our analysis reveals that agricultural future-level sentiment is significantly affected by market-level sentiment and domestic stock market sentiment, particularly during bullish market conditions, while global stock market sentiment has minimal impact. Furthermore, we find that both market and future-level sentiment strongly and positively influence futures returns, with contagious and idiosyncratic sentiment exerting favorable influences, particularly in bullish markets. Our findings provide clear evidence of sentiment's impact on agricultural futures returns, offering valuable insights for regulators to identify potential market bubbles and implement effective sentiment regulation measures.

This study explores financial literacy (FL) and its influence on market participation among rural residents in China. Using the 2017 China Household Finance Survey, we find that rural residents have low FL and answer only 33% of basic and 20.8% of advanced questions on average. The findings indicate a substantial disparity in their FL skills. The ordinary least squares regression results reveal that advanced FL is statistically positively related to market participation. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we adopt the instrument variable estimator within the generalized method of moment (IV-GMM). The IV-GMM results indicate that FL positively affects the market participation of Chinese rural households. The probability of market participation increases by over 7% with every unit increase in advanced FL scores. Additionally, the robustness tests confirm the positive correlation between advanced FL and market participation. Furthermore, the impact of FL on stock-market participation is more pronounced among rural residents in economically developed regions and those with greater financial assets.

The study analyzes whether the type of shareholding control (dispersed, shared, or dominant) affects agency conflicts by investigating the relationship between shareholding control, ownership concentration, and firm value. The sample is a panel data comprising 1977 firm-year observations from 167 Brazilian firms in the period 2010–2022. Our results show that shared control creates value, whereas dominant control destroys firm value. Voting rights concentration and cash-flow rights reduce the value of firms with dispersed and shared control. However, at firms with dominant control, these firm characteristics increase firm value. Excess voting rights, in turn, destroy the value of firms with shared and dominant control. Our evidence shows that the type of shareholding control influences the nature and magnitude of agency conflicts and the relationship between ownership concentration and firm value. Thus, within an institutional environment, agency conflicts may differ among firms, depending on the type of shareholding control.

In recent years, economic research has increasingly focused on the increase in local government debt, attracting the attention of government regulators. Using data from 2006 to 2022, this study empirically examines how local government debt affects financing activities. The results reveal local government debt’ s crowding-out effect on financing, particularly for non-state-owned enterprises. Further analysis reveals that this negative impact is driven by ‘passive crowding-out’ rather than ‘active choice’ for enterprises. Local governments can directly influence commercial banks, and commercial banks prefer holding local government debt. Moreover, while new local government debt initially boosts economic growth, the continuous accumulation of debt stock exacerbates the crowding-out effect, impacting overall output. These findings provide insights into the micro-level implications of local government fiscal policies and offer guidance for advancing debt system reforms.