Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000387
Matt C. Howard
Abstract. Face masks are an effective method to reduce the spread of COVID-19, but many people are reluctant to wear them. Recent authors have called for studies of personality to determine which people may have particularly negative face mask perceptions and reduced face mask wearing. In the current article, we assess the relation of the Big Five and Dark Triad with face mask perceptions and wearing. We apply a four-wave longitudinal research design collected via MTurk ( n = 209, Mage = 36.97 years, 50% female, 85% American), and we use the eight-dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale to test mediating mechanisms between personality and behavior. When tested together, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism did not have notable relations with perceptions or wearing; openness and the Dark Triad had significant relations with face mask perceptions, and agreeableness had significant indirect effects on face mask wearing via perceptions. These results indicate that personality does relate to face mask perceptions and behaviors. We call on future research to conduct facet-level studies of personality with face mask perceptions and behaviors to ascertain the cause of these observed relations, further identify the importance of specific face mask perceptions, and integrate personality into models of health behaviors.
{"title":"Big Five, Dark Triad, and Face Masks","authors":"Matt C. Howard","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Face masks are an effective method to reduce the spread of COVID-19, but many people are reluctant to wear them. Recent authors have called for studies of personality to determine which people may have particularly negative face mask perceptions and reduced face mask wearing. In the current article, we assess the relation of the Big Five and Dark Triad with face mask perceptions and wearing. We apply a four-wave longitudinal research design collected via MTurk ( n = 209, Mage = 36.97 years, 50% female, 85% American), and we use the eight-dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale to test mediating mechanisms between personality and behavior. When tested together, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism did not have notable relations with perceptions or wearing; openness and the Dark Triad had significant relations with face mask perceptions, and agreeableness had significant indirect effects on face mask wearing via perceptions. These results indicate that personality does relate to face mask perceptions and behaviors. We call on future research to conduct facet-level studies of personality with face mask perceptions and behaviors to ascertain the cause of these observed relations, further identify the importance of specific face mask perceptions, and integrate personality into models of health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43793502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000388
Susan Hellwig, Ralf Schulze
Abstract. Since classical intelligence factors are almost independent of personality, independence from personality is expected analogously for new intelligence factors, such as Emotional Intelligence (EI). However, performance tests of Strategic EI, in particular, consistently show a positive relationship with self-reports of Agreeableness which has not yet been the subject of more detailed investigations. This paper aims to elucidate this relationship with a focus on facet-level relationships. In a study with N = 176 participants, the correlations between two strategic EI measures on the one hand, and measures of the Big Five personality factors as well as the facets of Agreeableness, on the other hand, are estimated at the level of latent variables. The results suggest that the relationships vary markedly by the facet of Agreeableness. Strategic EI measures are specifically correlated with measures of Agreeableness facets that include agreeable behavior for which emotional abilities are required. Furthermore, the results indicate that the strength of relationships between EI measures with personality traits depends on the scoring procedures (consensus vs. theory-based scoring) used for tests of EI.
{"title":"Differential Relations Between Facets of Agreeableness and Ability-Based Measures of Strategic Emotional Intelligence","authors":"Susan Hellwig, Ralf Schulze","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Since classical intelligence factors are almost independent of personality, independence from personality is expected analogously for new intelligence factors, such as Emotional Intelligence (EI). However, performance tests of Strategic EI, in particular, consistently show a positive relationship with self-reports of Agreeableness which has not yet been the subject of more detailed investigations. This paper aims to elucidate this relationship with a focus on facet-level relationships. In a study with N = 176 participants, the correlations between two strategic EI measures on the one hand, and measures of the Big Five personality factors as well as the facets of Agreeableness, on the other hand, are estimated at the level of latent variables. The results suggest that the relationships vary markedly by the facet of Agreeableness. Strategic EI measures are specifically correlated with measures of Agreeableness facets that include agreeable behavior for which emotional abilities are required. Furthermore, the results indicate that the strength of relationships between EI measures with personality traits depends on the scoring procedures (consensus vs. theory-based scoring) used for tests of EI.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000391
R. Körner, A. Schütz
Abstract. Friendships pervade people’s social lives across their lifespans. But how accurately can friends perceive each other’s personalities? Person perceptions are typically a mixture of fact and fiction, but as friends share a lot of information, they should be able to form relatively accurate assessments. We referred to the truth and bias model of judgment to study accuracy in friendship dyads ( N = 190). Participants completed self- and peer-rating versions of the Big Five Inventory-10. Actor-partner interdependence models were used to decompose truth and bias forces: Friends achieved significant perceptual accuracy on each Big Five trait. Friends were actually rather similar in conscientiousness and also assumed they were similar to each other in this trait. For agreeableness, there was no actual but there was assumed similarity. There was neither actual nor assumed similarity for openness, extraversion, or neuroticism. Moreover, there was a considerable directional bias for all traits: Friends’ peer-ratings were positively biased: They assessed their friends as being more open, and conscientious, et cetera, than the friends did themselves. This research adds to the similarity-dissimilarity debate in social and personality psychology and the social perception literature in employing a sophisticated assessment of accuracy.
{"title":"Friends Know Us Even When They Are Different From Us","authors":"R. Körner, A. Schütz","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000391","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Friendships pervade people’s social lives across their lifespans. But how accurately can friends perceive each other’s personalities? Person perceptions are typically a mixture of fact and fiction, but as friends share a lot of information, they should be able to form relatively accurate assessments. We referred to the truth and bias model of judgment to study accuracy in friendship dyads ( N = 190). Participants completed self- and peer-rating versions of the Big Five Inventory-10. Actor-partner interdependence models were used to decompose truth and bias forces: Friends achieved significant perceptual accuracy on each Big Five trait. Friends were actually rather similar in conscientiousness and also assumed they were similar to each other in this trait. For agreeableness, there was no actual but there was assumed similarity. There was neither actual nor assumed similarity for openness, extraversion, or neuroticism. Moreover, there was a considerable directional bias for all traits: Friends’ peer-ratings were positively biased: They assessed their friends as being more open, and conscientious, et cetera, than the friends did themselves. This research adds to the similarity-dissimilarity debate in social and personality psychology and the social perception literature in employing a sophisticated assessment of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000389
J. J. B. Aruta
Abstract. The Light Triad Scale (LTS) measures the concept of the Light Triad, which was conceptualized as personality traits that reflect a person’s loving and beneficent orientation toward others, consisting of Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. As a novel construct, the Light Triad has yet to establish its structural validity in non-Western countries and needs to demonstrate its association with environmental psychology constructs. This study aims to: (1) examine the structural and criterion validity of the LTS in the Philippines and (2) determine the influence of the Light Triad on environmental concerns and green purchase intentions. Data were collected through an online survey completed by 447 Filipino adolescents. Comparing three models (i.e., one-factor, two-factor, and intercorrelated three-factor models), the present findings corroborated the original model which proposed an intercorrelated three-factor model of the LTS. The LTS demonstrated criterion validity by establishing correlations with relevant measures of environmental psychological constructs. Additionally, path analysis showed that Humanism and Kantianism predicted green purchase intentions via an increase in environmental concern. Measurement and conceptual strengths, future directions, and limitations are discussed.
{"title":"Psychometric Validation and Environmental Psychological Correlates of the Light Triad Traits","authors":"J. J. B. Aruta","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Light Triad Scale (LTS) measures the concept of the Light Triad, which was conceptualized as personality traits that reflect a person’s loving and beneficent orientation toward others, consisting of Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. As a novel construct, the Light Triad has yet to establish its structural validity in non-Western countries and needs to demonstrate its association with environmental psychology constructs. This study aims to: (1) examine the structural and criterion validity of the LTS in the Philippines and (2) determine the influence of the Light Triad on environmental concerns and green purchase intentions. Data were collected through an online survey completed by 447 Filipino adolescents. Comparing three models (i.e., one-factor, two-factor, and intercorrelated three-factor models), the present findings corroborated the original model which proposed an intercorrelated three-factor model of the LTS. The LTS demonstrated criterion validity by establishing correlations with relevant measures of environmental psychological constructs. Additionally, path analysis showed that Humanism and Kantianism predicted green purchase intentions via an increase in environmental concern. Measurement and conceptual strengths, future directions, and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000384
Matt C. Howard, Kelly G. Manix
Abstract. The strength of the relation between honesty-humility and Machiavellianism has caused some authors to suggest that the two constructs share common facets. We test this notion in the current article using heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Our sample included 490 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) that completed a self-report survey. The facets of greed-avoidance and desire for status met HTMT ratio cut-offs expected in tests of convergent validity, and the facets of fairness and amorality closely approached these cut-offs. The honesty-humility facet of modesty also demonstrated very strong relations with many Machiavellianism facets, but none strong enough to indicate that the facets converge. These results indicate that honesty-humility and Machiavellianism share facets associated with a (dis)interest in social status and perhaps (dis)honesty. From these findings, we urge future authors to assess the incremental predictive validity of both honesty-humility and Machiavellianism beyond the other, placing a particular focus on outcomes with close associations to unshared facets. We also propose that these results provide insights into a shared conceptual core of honesty-humility and the Dark Triad. Specifically, (dis)interest in social status and (dis)honesty may be the conceptual link between honesty-humility and the Dark Triad, demanding future research on these facets.
{"title":"Assessing the Shared Facets of Honesty-Humility and Machiavellianism","authors":"Matt C. Howard, Kelly G. Manix","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000384","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The strength of the relation between honesty-humility and Machiavellianism has caused some authors to suggest that the two constructs share common facets. We test this notion in the current article using heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Our sample included 490 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) that completed a self-report survey. The facets of greed-avoidance and desire for status met HTMT ratio cut-offs expected in tests of convergent validity, and the facets of fairness and amorality closely approached these cut-offs. The honesty-humility facet of modesty also demonstrated very strong relations with many Machiavellianism facets, but none strong enough to indicate that the facets converge. These results indicate that honesty-humility and Machiavellianism share facets associated with a (dis)interest in social status and perhaps (dis)honesty. From these findings, we urge future authors to assess the incremental predictive validity of both honesty-humility and Machiavellianism beyond the other, placing a particular focus on outcomes with close associations to unshared facets. We also propose that these results provide insights into a shared conceptual core of honesty-humility and the Dark Triad. Specifically, (dis)interest in social status and (dis)honesty may be the conceptual link between honesty-humility and the Dark Triad, demanding future research on these facets.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000381
Julia Grass, Stefan Scherbaum, A. Strobel
Abstract. Need for Cognition (NFC) describes the relatively stable intrinsic motivation to engage in cognitive endeavors. Recent research has revealed the importance of NFC for affective adjustment, especially in combination with self-control. We followed up on those findings by addressing methodological issues as well as processes that may underlie relations of NFC to self-control. Study 1 ( N = 102) examined whether NFC is associated with self-control independently of the measure or facet considered. Implicit willpower theories, that is, subjective beliefs concerning the limitation of self-control resources, were examined as a mediator for NFC predicting self-control. Higher NFC was associated with increased trait self-control but also with believing in unlimited self-control resources. The relation of NFC to willpower theories also mediated the prediction of trait self-control. Study 2 ( N = 188) replicated relations of NFC to self-control. We further pursued the explanatory approach from Study 1 and experimentally manipulated willpower theories to provide insight into their association with NFC. Willpower theories were related to NFC but had no mediating role in predicting self-control. The experimental manipulation had no impact on situation-specific NFC. Altogether, both studies provided first evidence that relations of NFC to self-control depend on the self-control measure and that willpower theories may be crucial for explaining the association with self-control.
{"title":"A Question of Method and Subjective Beliefs","authors":"Julia Grass, Stefan Scherbaum, A. Strobel","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Need for Cognition (NFC) describes the relatively stable intrinsic motivation to engage in cognitive endeavors. Recent research has revealed the importance of NFC for affective adjustment, especially in combination with self-control. We followed up on those findings by addressing methodological issues as well as processes that may underlie relations of NFC to self-control. Study 1 ( N = 102) examined whether NFC is associated with self-control independently of the measure or facet considered. Implicit willpower theories, that is, subjective beliefs concerning the limitation of self-control resources, were examined as a mediator for NFC predicting self-control. Higher NFC was associated with increased trait self-control but also with believing in unlimited self-control resources. The relation of NFC to willpower theories also mediated the prediction of trait self-control. Study 2 ( N = 188) replicated relations of NFC to self-control. We further pursued the explanatory approach from Study 1 and experimentally manipulated willpower theories to provide insight into their association with NFC. Willpower theories were related to NFC but had no mediating role in predicting self-control. The experimental manipulation had no impact on situation-specific NFC. Altogether, both studies provided first evidence that relations of NFC to self-control depend on the self-control measure and that willpower theories may be crucial for explaining the association with self-control.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000380
A. Furnham, Charlotte L. Robinson, Jon Magnus Frostad Haakonsen
Abstract. Is work engagement, like job satisfaction, primarily a function of personality? In total, 397 working adults completed a short, reliable, three-facet model of work engagement, a short IQ test, various self-ratings, a Big Five (bright-side) personality scale, and a measure of the personality disorders (dark-side). Work engagement was related to age, intelligence, positive self-ratings, and all the personality variables. A regression analysis revealed six variables significantly related to total work engagement: sex, age, IQ, ratings of personal ambitiousness, trait Neuroticism and Cluster A personality disorders. Regressions onto each of the three facets of work engagement showed slightly different findings, yet in each, older people with lower Cluster A scores and who rated themselves as ambitious scored higher on all facets. Over a third of the variance was explained in each regression. In every analysis, the rating of ambitiousness was most strongly related to work engagement. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.
{"title":"Hire Ambitious People","authors":"A. Furnham, Charlotte L. Robinson, Jon Magnus Frostad Haakonsen","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000380","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Is work engagement, like job satisfaction, primarily a function of personality? In total, 397 working adults completed a short, reliable, three-facet model of work engagement, a short IQ test, various self-ratings, a Big Five (bright-side) personality scale, and a measure of the personality disorders (dark-side). Work engagement was related to age, intelligence, positive self-ratings, and all the personality variables. A regression analysis revealed six variables significantly related to total work engagement: sex, age, IQ, ratings of personal ambitiousness, trait Neuroticism and Cluster A personality disorders. Regressions onto each of the three facets of work engagement showed slightly different findings, yet in each, older people with lower Cluster A scores and who rated themselves as ambitious scored higher on all facets. Over a third of the variance was explained in each regression. In every analysis, the rating of ambitiousness was most strongly related to work engagement. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000382
Costantinos M. Kokkinos, Ioanna Voulgaridou, Orestis Michaelides
Abstract. The present study investigated the relationship between Big Five traits-based profiles and humor styles in a sample of 426 Greek preadolescents. Latent Profile Analysis yielded three distinct personality profiles: resilients, average, and undercontrollers. These profiles exhibited significant group differences in humor styles. The resilient profile displayed the highest scores on the two benign humor styles and the lowest on the two malign styles. On the contrary, the under controllers scored lowest on the two benign humor styles and highest on self-defeating humor. Findings showed that the patterns identified in the extant literature between humor, personality, and adjustment generalize to preadolescents. These are discussed with reference to prior work and relevant theoretical implications.
{"title":"Big Five Traits Based Profiles and Humor Styles in Preadolescents","authors":"Costantinos M. Kokkinos, Ioanna Voulgaridou, Orestis Michaelides","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study investigated the relationship between Big Five traits-based profiles and humor styles in a sample of 426 Greek preadolescents. Latent Profile Analysis yielded three distinct personality profiles: resilients, average, and undercontrollers. These profiles exhibited significant group differences in humor styles. The resilient profile displayed the highest scores on the two benign humor styles and the lowest on the two malign styles. On the contrary, the under controllers scored lowest on the two benign humor styles and highest on self-defeating humor. Findings showed that the patterns identified in the extant literature between humor, personality, and adjustment generalize to preadolescents. These are discussed with reference to prior work and relevant theoretical implications.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000377
A. Furnham, Helen Cheng
Abstract. This study examined the predictors of two higher factors of personality (Alpha and Beta) using a large nationally representative sample. In total, we had 5,476 participants data on family social status measured at birth, childhood intelligence ability assessed at age 11 years, behavioral problems and leisure activities (sports and parties) at age 16 years, psychological distress at age 23 years, optimism and educational qualifications at age 33 years, occupational prestige at age 42 years, and Big Five personality measured at age 50 years. We combined Big Five scores into Alpha and Beta factors. Correlational analysis showed that childhood intelligence, teenager behavioral problems and leisure activities, psychological distress, optimism, educational qualifications, and occupational prestige were all significant correlates of the Alpha and Beta factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that childhood intelligence, teenage behavioral problems, education and occupation as well as optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Alpha factor; and that childhood intelligence, education and occupation, psychological distress, and optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Beta factor. Gender was significantly associated with both Alpha and Beta factors. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.
{"title":"Early Predictors of Alpha and Beta Personality Factors in Adulthood","authors":"A. Furnham, Helen Cheng","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study examined the predictors of two higher factors of personality (Alpha and Beta) using a large nationally representative sample. In total, we had 5,476 participants data on family social status measured at birth, childhood intelligence ability assessed at age 11 years, behavioral problems and leisure activities (sports and parties) at age 16 years, psychological distress at age 23 years, optimism and educational qualifications at age 33 years, occupational prestige at age 42 years, and Big Five personality measured at age 50 years. We combined Big Five scores into Alpha and Beta factors. Correlational analysis showed that childhood intelligence, teenager behavioral problems and leisure activities, psychological distress, optimism, educational qualifications, and occupational prestige were all significant correlates of the Alpha and Beta factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that childhood intelligence, teenage behavioral problems, education and occupation as well as optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Alpha factor; and that childhood intelligence, education and occupation, psychological distress, and optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Beta factor. Gender was significantly associated with both Alpha and Beta factors. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000378
Selma Korlat, J. Reiter, Marlene Kollmayer, Julia Holzer, E. Pelikan, Barbara Schober, C. Spiel, Marko Lüftenegger
Abstract. Despite the conceptual proximity between the basic needs and agency and communion and their similar function for psychological functioning, studies investigating their interplay are scarce. This study aims to investigate their joint role in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reports were collected from 13,313 adolescents (Sample 1) and 1,707 young adults (Sample 2) from Austria. The results show the importance of both agency and communion for the fulfillment of different basic needs and their role in well-being, with a universal interaction effect between communion and perceived competence on intrinsic motivation (eudaimonic aspect) in both gender groups in adolescence, as well as on positive emotions (hedonic aspect) among young women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Basic Psychological Needs and Agency and Communion During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Selma Korlat, J. Reiter, Marlene Kollmayer, Julia Holzer, E. Pelikan, Barbara Schober, C. Spiel, Marko Lüftenegger","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000378","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Despite the conceptual proximity between the basic needs and agency and communion and their similar function for psychological functioning, studies investigating their interplay are scarce. This study aims to investigate their joint role in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reports were collected from 13,313 adolescents (Sample 1) and 1,707 young adults (Sample 2) from Austria. The results show the importance of both agency and communion for the fulfillment of different basic needs and their role in well-being, with a universal interaction effect between communion and perceived competence on intrinsic motivation (eudaimonic aspect) in both gender groups in adolescence, as well as on positive emotions (hedonic aspect) among young women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48789810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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