首页 > 最新文献

Environmental Values最新文献

英文 中文
Promises and pitfalls of environmental pragmatism 环境实用主义的承诺与陷阱
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09632719231196542
Henrik Rydenfelt
Environmental pragmatism has faced numerous criticisms for relativism and crude instrumentalism as well as for sidestepping the fundamental concerns of environmental ethics. Recently, Andre Santos Campos and Sofia Guedes Vaz have proposed a new ‘method’ of environmental pragmatism, justificatory moral pluralism, with the aim of overcoming these criticisms. It is argued that this new approach is plagued by the traditional concerns. Instead, the pitfalls of pragmatism can be avoided by adopting the central insight of the classical pragmatists that values may be revised in light of experience in a process that resembles scientific inquiry. The resulting view may not be satisfying for those who expect pragmatism to live up to its periodic promise of immediate and concrete results. Nevertheless, pragmatism presents the environmental ethicist with a range of promising tasks.
环境实用主义因相对主义和粗糙的工具主义以及回避环境伦理的基本关切而面临许多批评。最近,安德烈·桑托斯·坎波斯和索菲亚·格德斯·瓦兹提出了一种新的环境实用主义“方法”,即正当的道德多元主义,旨在克服这些批评。有人认为,这种新方法受到传统问题的困扰。相反,实用主义的陷阱可以通过采纳古典实用主义者的核心见解来避免,即价值观可以在类似于科学探究的过程中根据经验进行修正。对于那些期望实用主义能够实现其定期承诺的即时和具体结果的人来说,由此得出的观点可能不会令人满意。然而,实用主义给环境伦理学家提出了一系列有希望的任务。
{"title":"Promises and pitfalls of environmental pragmatism","authors":"Henrik Rydenfelt","doi":"10.1177/09632719231196542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231196542","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pragmatism has faced numerous criticisms for relativism and crude instrumentalism as well as for sidestepping the fundamental concerns of environmental ethics. Recently, Andre Santos Campos and Sofia Guedes Vaz have proposed a new ‘method’ of environmental pragmatism, justificatory moral pluralism, with the aim of overcoming these criticisms. It is argued that this new approach is plagued by the traditional concerns. Instead, the pitfalls of pragmatism can be avoided by adopting the central insight of the classical pragmatists that values may be revised in light of experience in a process that resembles scientific inquiry. The resulting view may not be satisfying for those who expect pragmatism to live up to its periodic promise of immediate and concrete results. Nevertheless, pragmatism presents the environmental ethicist with a range of promising tasks.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"83 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unearthing intentionality: Building transformative capacity by reclaiming consciousness 发掘意向性:通过恢复意识培养变革能力
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09632719231175245
Benedikt Schmid, Iana Nesterova
In transformation research of late, accounts on the relation between intentionality and agency on the one hand, and the more routinised and structured side of social co-existence on the other, are increasingly nuanced. However, we observe a deficiency in the way arguments are set up by the interlocutors: both, scholars who grant intentionality a central role and those who emphasise its limitations generally do so at the level of ontology – debating degrees of human capacity for conscious planning versus a largely unconscious reproduction. We wish to shift this question from an ontological to a pedagogical one, exploring possibilities to cultivate and learn intentionality. We do so by developing the concept of consciousness-in-nature that we derive from, and contextualise in, the traditions of deep ecology and (Westernised) Buddhism which both view human beings as inseparable from nature and one another. With consciousness-in-nature we refer to an understanding of humans as a part of nature that has developed the capacity for (self-) reflection and deliberation – a capacity that is not static or firm but can be nurtured and cultivated or clouded over and subdued. From this standpoint, we lay out an understanding of the role of (re)learning consciousness for processes of social change and explore potentials for its nurturing.
在最近的转型研究中,一方面是意向性和能动性之间的关系,另一方面是社会共存中更为常规和结构化的一面,这两者之间的关系越来越微妙。然而,我们观察到对话者建立论点的方式有一个缺陷:无论是承认意向性中心作用的学者,还是强调意向性局限性的学者,通常都是在本体论的层面上这样做的——辩论人类有意识计划的能力程度,还是在很大程度上无意识的繁殖。我们希望将这个问题从一个本体论的问题转变为一个教学的问题,探索培养和学习意向性的可能性。我们通过发展自然意识的概念来做到这一点,我们从深层生态学和(西方化的)佛教的传统中衍生出来,并将其置于背景中,这两个传统都认为人类与自然和彼此是不可分割的。对于自然意识,我们指的是将人类理解为自然的一部分,人类已经发展出(自我)反思和思考的能力——这种能力不是静态的或坚定的,而是可以培育和培养的,也可以被遮蔽和抑制。从这个角度出发,我们阐述了(再)学习意识在社会变革过程中的作用,并探索了培养它的潜力。
{"title":"Unearthing intentionality: Building transformative capacity by reclaiming consciousness","authors":"Benedikt Schmid, Iana Nesterova","doi":"10.1177/09632719231175245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231175245","url":null,"abstract":"In transformation research of late, accounts on the relation between intentionality and agency on the one hand, and the more routinised and structured side of social co-existence on the other, are increasingly nuanced. However, we observe a deficiency in the way arguments are set up by the interlocutors: both, scholars who grant intentionality a central role and those who emphasise its limitations generally do so at the level of ontology – debating degrees of human capacity for conscious planning versus a largely unconscious reproduction. We wish to shift this question from an ontological to a pedagogical one, exploring possibilities to cultivate and learn intentionality. We do so by developing the concept of consciousness-in-nature that we derive from, and contextualise in, the traditions of deep ecology and (Westernised) Buddhism which both view human beings as inseparable from nature and one another. With consciousness-in-nature we refer to an understanding of humans as a part of nature that has developed the capacity for (self-) reflection and deliberation – a capacity that is not static or firm but can be nurtured and cultivated or clouded over and subdued. From this standpoint, we lay out an understanding of the role of (re)learning consciousness for processes of social change and explore potentials for its nurturing.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rarity and endangerment: Why do they matter? 稀有性和濒危性:它们为何重要?
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09632719231171836
Simon P. James
It is often supposed that valuable organisms are more valuable if they are rare. Likewise if they belong to endangered species. I consider what kinds of value rarity and endangerment can add in such cases. I argue that individual organisms of a valuable species typically have instrumental value as means to the end of preserving their species. This progenitive value, I suggest, tends to increase exponentially with rarity. Endlings, for their part, typically have little progenitive value; however, I argue that they may nonetheless have persistence value because, merely by existing, they postpone the numerical extinction of their species. Finally, I propose that a sentient endling can have higher lifeworld value than it would have had were it not the last of its kind. This, I argue, is because when a sentient endling dies, very little of its lifeworld is preserved – and this, I suggest, can be a bad thing.
人们通常认为,有价值的生物如果稀有就更有价值。同样,如果它们属于濒危物种。我考虑在这种情况下,稀有和濒危可以增加什么样的价值。我认为,有价值物种的个体生物通常具有工具价值,作为保护其物种的手段。我认为,这种繁殖价值往往会随着稀有性呈指数增长。结局,就其本身而言,通常没有繁殖价值;然而,我认为它们可能仍然具有持久价值,因为仅仅通过存在,它们就推迟了其物种的数量灭绝。最后,我提出,一个有感情的结局可能比它不是最后一个这样的结局具有更高的生活世界价值。我认为,这是因为当一个有知觉的生物死亡时,它的生活世界几乎没有被保存下来——我认为,这可能是一件坏事。
{"title":"Rarity and endangerment: Why do they matter?","authors":"Simon P. James","doi":"10.1177/09632719231171836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231171836","url":null,"abstract":"It is often supposed that valuable organisms are more valuable if they are rare. Likewise if they belong to endangered species. I consider what kinds of value rarity and endangerment can add in such cases. I argue that individual organisms of a valuable species typically have instrumental value as means to the end of preserving their species. This progenitive value, I suggest, tends to increase exponentially with rarity. Endlings, for their part, typically have little progenitive value; however, I argue that they may nonetheless have persistence value because, merely by existing, they postpone the numerical extinction of their species. Finally, I propose that a sentient endling can have higher lifeworld value than it would have had were it not the last of its kind. This, I argue, is because when a sentient endling dies, very little of its lifeworld is preserved – and this, I suggest, can be a bad thing.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"29 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Normative implications of ecophenomenology. Towards a deep anthropo-related environmental ethics 生态现象学的规范意义。建立与人类相关的深层环境伦理学
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09632719231174086
Kira Meyer
Corporeality of human beings should be taken seriously and be included in their self-understanding as the ‘nature we are ourselves’. Such an ecophenomenological account has important normative implications. Firstly, I argue that the instrumental value of nature can be particularly well justified based on an ecophenomenological approach. Secondly, sentience is inseparable from corporeality. Therefore, insofar as it is a concern of the ecophenomenological approach to take corporeality and its implications seriously, sentient beings deserve direct moral consideration. Thirdly, it can strengthen the so-far underestimated category of eudaimonic values of nature, which can be best developed through an ecophenomenological reconstruction. Taken together, ecophenomenology is vital for environmental ethics and helps us to leave behind its widespread ‘centrism’. Ecophenomenology should therefore, both methodically and philosophically, be included in the discussion of environmental ethical problems.
人类的物质性应该被认真对待,并被纳入他们的自我理解中,作为“我们是我们自己的本性”。这样的生态现象学解释具有重要的规范含义。首先,我认为,基于生态现象学的方法,自然的工具价值可以得到特别好的证明。其次,感觉与肉体是分不开的。因此,只要它是生态现象学方法所关注的,认真对待肉体及其含义,有知觉的生物应该得到直接的道德考虑。第三,它可以加强迄今为止被低估的自然的现实价值范畴,这可以通过生态现象学重建得到最好的发展。综上所述,生态现象学对环境伦理至关重要,并帮助我们摆脱其广泛的“中心主义”。因此,生态现象学应该在方法上和哲学上纳入环境伦理问题的讨论。
{"title":"Normative implications of ecophenomenology. Towards a deep anthropo-related environmental ethics","authors":"Kira Meyer","doi":"10.1177/09632719231174086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231174086","url":null,"abstract":"Corporeality of human beings should be taken seriously and be included in their self-understanding as the ‘nature we are ourselves’. Such an ecophenomenological account has important normative implications. Firstly, I argue that the instrumental value of nature can be particularly well justified based on an ecophenomenological approach. Secondly, sentience is inseparable from corporeality. Therefore, insofar as it is a concern of the ecophenomenological approach to take corporeality and its implications seriously, sentient beings deserve direct moral consideration. Thirdly, it can strengthen the so-far underestimated category of eudaimonic values of nature, which can be best developed through an ecophenomenological reconstruction. Taken together, ecophenomenology is vital for environmental ethics and helps us to leave behind its widespread ‘centrism’. Ecophenomenology should therefore, both methodically and philosophically, be included in the discussion of environmental ethical problems.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Being of deep transformations: A personal journey inspired by Clive L. Spash 深刻变革的存在:受克莱夫-斯帕什启发的个人旅程
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09632719231184615
Iana Nesterova
The works of Clive L. Spash provided inspiration to many. In the case of my own theoretical and philosophical journey, Spash's social-ecological economics became an important grounding. However, apart from directing this journey, his works have been a major influence in another domain: the domain of my personal being in and relating with the world. This paper explicates this side of Spash's influence. The paper's roots specifically go back to Spash’s work on new foundations for ecological economics and the invitation he extended to his fellow humans to act personally and consistently with one's environmental and social values. Far from glorifying the mode of being, here referred to as being of deep transformations, I aim to draw others’ attention to the challenges and constraints.
克莱夫·l·斯帕什(Clive L. Spash)的作品为许多人提供了灵感。在我自己的理论和哲学旅程中,斯帕什的社会生态经济学成为了一个重要的基础。然而,除了指导这段旅程之外,他的作品在另一个领域也产生了重大影响:我个人在世界中的存在和与世界的关系。本文阐述了Spash的这一方面的影响。这篇论文的根源可以追溯到斯帕什关于生态经济学新基础的研究,以及他向人类同胞发出的邀请,即以个人的名义,始终如一地履行自己的环境和社会价值观。我的目的不是赞美存在的模式,这里指的是深度转变的存在,而是要引起别人对挑战和制约的注意。
{"title":"Being of deep transformations: A personal journey inspired by Clive L. Spash","authors":"Iana Nesterova","doi":"10.1177/09632719231184615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09632719231184615","url":null,"abstract":"The works of Clive L. Spash provided inspiration to many. In the case of my own theoretical and philosophical journey, Spash's social-ecological economics became an important grounding. However, apart from directing this journey, his works have been a major influence in another domain: the domain of my personal being in and relating with the world. This paper explicates this side of Spash's influence. The paper's roots specifically go back to Spash’s work on new foundations for ecological economics and the invitation he extended to his fellow humans to act personally and consistently with one's environmental and social values. Far from glorifying the mode of being, here referred to as being of deep transformations, I aim to draw others’ attention to the challenges and constraints.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Beyond Statism and Deliberation: Questioning Ecological Democracy through Eco-Anarchism and Cosmopolitics 超越国家主义和审议:通过生态无政府主义和世界政治质疑生态民主
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3197/096327123x16759401706533
J. Smessaert, G. Feola
This paper decentres the predominance of statism and deliberation in ecological democracy scholarship. We use insights from eco-anarchism and cosmopolitics to identify democratic configurations beyond capitalism and its entanglement with the nation-state. These configurations are premised on the idea that sustainability transformation not only implies a move beyond capitalism and the nation-state, but might comprise their dismantling. We propose and apply an analytical framework encompassing the dimensions actors, praxis and processes and institution(s) to contrast these three political theories and bring forward a diversity of democratic praxes that revolve around the generation of autonomy and the building of multispecies political communities. Finally, we discuss transformation possibilities from within the capitalist nation-state and propose research directions for post-statist, autonomous and diverse ecological democracies.
本文着重分析了国家主义和审议在生态民主学术中的主导地位。我们利用生态无政府主义和世界政治的见解来识别超越资本主义及其与民族国家纠缠的民主配置。这些配置的前提是,可持续转型不仅意味着超越资本主义和民族国家,而且可能包括它们的拆除。我们提出并应用了一个包含行动者、实践、过程和制度维度的分析框架来对比这三种政治理论,并提出了围绕自治的产生和多物种政治社区建设的民主实践的多样性。最后,我们讨论了资本主义民族国家内部的转型可能性,并提出了后国家主义、自治和多样化生态民主的研究方向。
{"title":"Beyond Statism and Deliberation: Questioning Ecological Democracy through Eco-Anarchism and Cosmopolitics","authors":"J. Smessaert, G. Feola","doi":"10.3197/096327123x16759401706533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/096327123x16759401706533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper decentres the predominance of statism and deliberation in ecological democracy scholarship. We use insights from eco-anarchism and cosmopolitics to identify democratic configurations beyond capitalism and its entanglement with the nation-state. These configurations are premised on the idea that sustainability transformation not only implies a move beyond capitalism and the nation-state, but might comprise their dismantling. We propose and apply an analytical framework encompassing the dimensions actors, praxis and processes and institution(s) to contrast these three political theories and bring forward a diversity of democratic praxes that revolve around the generation of autonomy and the building of multispecies political communities. Finally, we discuss transformation possibilities from within the capitalist nation-state and propose research directions for post-statist, autonomous and diverse ecological democracies.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"1 1","pages":"765 - 793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69826774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Slippery Slope Arguments as Precautionary Arguments: A New Way of Understanding the Concern about Geoengineering Research 滑坡论证作为预防性论证:一种理解地球工程研究关注的新途径
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3197/096327123x16702350862737
James Andow
It has been argued that geoengineering research should not be pursued because of a slippery slope from research to problematic deployment. These arguments have been thought weak or defective on the basis of interpretations that treat the arguments as relying on dubious premises. The paper urges a new interpretation of these arguments as precautionary arguments, i.e. as relying on a precautionary principle. This interpretation helps us better appreciate the potential normative force of the worries, their potential policy relevance, and the kind of evidence required by slippery slope arguments. Understood as precautionary arguments, it is clear that slippery slope arguments against geoengineering capture concerns that are worth taking seriously.
有人认为不应该进行地球工程研究,因为从研究到有问题的部署会产生滑坡效应。这些论点被认为是软弱的或有缺陷的,因为这些解释将这些论点视为依赖于可疑的前提。本文敦促将这些论点作为预防性论点进行新的解释,即依赖于预防性原则。这种解释有助于我们更好地理解这些担忧潜在的规范性力量,它们潜在的政策相关性,以及滑坡理论所需的证据。将其理解为预防性论点,很明显,反对地球工程的滑坡论点值得认真对待。
{"title":"Slippery Slope Arguments as Precautionary Arguments: A New Way of Understanding the Concern about Geoengineering Research","authors":"James Andow","doi":"10.3197/096327123x16702350862737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/096327123x16702350862737","url":null,"abstract":"It has been argued that geoengineering research should not be pursued because of a slippery slope from research to problematic deployment. These arguments have been thought weak or defective on the basis of interpretations that treat the arguments as relying on dubious premises. The paper urges a new interpretation of these arguments as precautionary arguments, i.e. as relying on a precautionary principle. This interpretation helps us better appreciate the potential normative force of the worries, their potential policy relevance, and the kind of evidence required by slippery slope arguments. Understood as precautionary arguments, it is clear that slippery slope arguments against geoengineering capture concerns that are worth taking seriously.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"1 1","pages":"701 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69826171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Individual Responsibility to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Kantian Deontological Perspective 从康德义务论的角度看减少温室气体排放的个人责任
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3197/096327123x16800137060203
M. Davidson
As a collective action problem, climate change is best tackled by coordination. Most moral philosophers therefore agree on our individual responsibility as political citizens to help establish such coordination. There is disagreement, however, on our individual responsibilities as consumers to reduce emissions before such coordination is established. In this article I argue that from a Kantian deontological perspective we have a perfect duty to refrain from activities that we would not perform if appropriate coordination were established. Moral autonomy means that we do not need to wait for an external lawmaker to tell us what we ought to do. In practice, this means basing our decisions on a shadow price for carbon: if we would not go out for a drive on a sunny Sunday afternoon in a gas-guzzling sport utility vehicle if gas prices were twice as high, we should not do it now. Moreover, we have imperfect duties to reduce emissions by more than our perfect duties require.
气候变化是一个集体行动问题,应对气候变化最好靠协调。因此,大多数道德哲学家都同意,作为政治公民,我们有责任帮助建立这种协调。然而,在建立这种协调之前,我们作为消费者的个人责任在减少排放方面存在分歧。在这篇文章中,我认为从康德的义务论的角度来看,我们有一个完美的责任来避免那些如果建立了适当的协调我们就不会执行的活动。道德自治意味着我们不需要等待外部立法者告诉我们应该做什么。实际上,这意味着我们的决策是基于碳的影子价格:如果油价是现在的两倍,我们就不会在一个阳光明媚的周日下午开着一辆耗油的运动型多功能车出去兜风,那么我们现在也不应该这么做。此外,我们在减排方面的义务并不完善,比我们完善的义务所要求的要多。
{"title":"Individual Responsibility to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Kantian Deontological Perspective","authors":"M. Davidson","doi":"10.3197/096327123x16800137060203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/096327123x16800137060203","url":null,"abstract":"As a collective action problem, climate change is best tackled by coordination. Most moral philosophers therefore agree on our individual responsibility as political citizens to help establish such coordination. There is disagreement, however, on our individual responsibilities as consumers to reduce emissions before such coordination is established. In this article I argue that from a Kantian deontological perspective we have a perfect duty to refrain from activities that we would not perform if appropriate coordination were established. Moral autonomy means that we do not need to wait for an external lawmaker to tell us what we ought to do. In practice, this means basing our decisions on a shadow price for carbon: if we would not go out for a drive on a sunny Sunday afternoon in a gas-guzzling sport utility vehicle if gas prices were twice as high, we should not do it now. Moreover, we have imperfect duties to reduce emissions by more than our perfect duties require.","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"1 1","pages":"683 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69826834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rupert Read 鲁珀特-雷德
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3197/096327123x16956537188035
Zachary Vereb
{"title":"Rupert Read","authors":"Zachary Vereb","doi":"10.3197/096327123x16956537188035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/096327123x16956537188035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"30 4","pages":"795 - 797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Graham Parkes 格雷厄姆-帕克斯
IF 2.2 2区 哲学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3197/096327123x16956537188107
M. Hourdequin
{"title":"Graham Parkes","authors":"M. Hourdequin","doi":"10.3197/096327123x16956537188107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/096327123x16956537188107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47200,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Values","volume":"49 3","pages":"798 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Environmental Values
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1