Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health最新文献_第10页

Implications of sexual fantasy characteristics and memory intensity for harmful sexual behaviour 性幻想特征和记忆强度对有害性行为的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2308

Andrew Allen, Mary Katsikitis, Prudence Millear, Nadine McKillop

Background

Sexual fantasies and memories are aetiological considerations in the perpetration of sexual violence, but fantasy–memory–behaviour relationships may be influenced by various factors, including sexual fantasy and memory phenomenology, that are the properties of mental imagery.

Aims

To investigate differences in sexual fantasy phenomenology and sexual memory intensity in men who report a history of harmful sexual behaviour compared to those who do not. We also investigated whether the likelihood of reporting harmful sexual intent was related to sexual memory intensity, independently of age and harmful sexual behaviour history.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey design was used, focusing on men aged ≥18 years who were recruited from the general population via social media. The survey prompted participants to envisage a favoured sexual fantasy, then obtained data on fantasy phenomenology, including vividness and sensations, and arousal level. In addition, information was requested about sexual memory intensity and harmful sexual behaviour history and intent.

Results

A total of 322 men completed the survey. Multiple Welch's t-tests showed that men self-reporting one or more harmful sexual behaviours, such as rape or child sexual abuse, gave significantly higher ratings of sexual fantasy phenomenology but not fantasy frequency or masturbation. They were also more likely to report higher sexual memory intensity. Although the significance of fantasy phenomenology varied between subgroups, binary logistic regression indicated that age, history of harmful sexual behaviour and sexual memory intensity were each independently associated with harmful sexual intent.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new insights into the importance of fantasy phenomenology, demonstrating nuanced differences between those with and without a history of harmful sexual behaviour and illustrating that memory intensity is associated with harmful sexual behaviour intent. Further research into these differences in the context of assessment and intervention for sexual violence perpetration is warranted.

背景：性幻想和性记忆是实施性暴力的病因考虑因素，但幻想-记忆-行为关系可能受到各种因素的影响，包括性幻想和记忆现象学，这是心理意象的特性。目的：调查报告有有害性行为史的男性与未报告的男性在性幻想现象学和性记忆强度方面的差异。我们还调查了报告有害性意图的可能性是否与性记忆强度有关，与年龄和有害性行为史无关。方法：采用在线横断面调查设计，重点关注通过社交媒体从普通人群中招募的年龄≥18岁的男性。该调查促使参与者设想一种受欢迎的性幻想，然后获得幻想现象学的数据，包括生动性和感觉，以及唤醒水平。此外，还要求提供关于性记忆强度和有害性行为历史和意图的信息。结果：共有322名男性完成了调查。多项Welch t检验表明，男性自我报告一种或多种有害的性行为，如强奸或儿童性虐待，对性幻想现象学的评分明显更高，但对幻想频率或手淫的评分则不高。他们也更有可能报告更高的性记忆强度。尽管幻想现象学的意义因亚组而异，但二元逻辑回归表明，年龄、有害性行为史和性记忆强度均与有害性意图独立相关。结论：我们的发现为幻想现象学的重要性提供了新的见解，证明了有和没有有害性行为史的人之间的细微差异，并说明记忆强度与有害性行为意图有关。有必要在评估和干预性暴力行为的背景下对这些差异进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A validation study among prisoners 蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）：一项针对囚犯的验证研究。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2306

Vânia Lima Pereira, Sandra Freitas, Mário R. Simões, Bianca Gerardo

Background

There are numerous scales for screening cognitive performance and thus identification of any potential deficits, but in spite of the vulnerability of the prison population to such problems, there has been no adequate validation of screening tools specifically for use with prisoners or others in the criminal justice system.

Aim

To validate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for use with prisoners.

Methods

100 adult prisoners in one Portuguese prison were randomly invited by clinicians to take part in this study. A same size sample of community-living adult non-offenders of similar age was selected from the MoCA's normative study database in Portugal. For both groups, the key inclusion criterion was fluency in the Portuguese language. All participants completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA, both in Portuguese translation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as an index of internal consistency and Pearson's r correlations calculated. Group performances were compared using independent samples t-test. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was computed with level of education as covariate. To measure the magnitude of the effect, $� � � �_{η}^{�} � � �$ was used. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was computed to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy of MoCA and MMSE.

Results

The MoCA showed a ‘reasonable’ internal consistency index (α = 0.75) as well as positive and significant correlations with the MMSE. As a cognitive measure, however, the MoCA showed consistently superior psychometric properties and higher discriminatory accuracy (MoCA = 89%) than the MMSE (65%). According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off point for the MoCA is below 24 points, whereas for the MMSE, it is below 27.

Conclusions

The MoCA is a valid cognitive screening tool for use with prisoners. Further validations against detailed cognitive evaluation would be a useful next step.

背景：有许多量表可以用来筛查认知表现，从而识别任何潜在的缺陷，但尽管监狱人口容易受到这些问题的影响，但还没有充分验证专门用于囚犯或刑事司法系统中其他人的筛查工具。目的：验证蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）在囚犯中的应用。方法：临床医生随机邀请葡萄牙一所监狱的100名成年囚犯参加本研究。从葡萄牙MoCA的规范性研究数据库中选择了一个相同规模的年龄相仿的社区生活成年非罪犯样本。对于这两组人来说，关键的入选标准是葡萄牙语的流利程度。所有参与者都完成了小型精神状态检查（MMSE）和MoCA，均为葡萄牙语翻译。计算Cronbach的α系数作为内部一致性指数，并计算Pearson的r相关性。使用独立样本t检验比较各组表现。协方差分析（ANCOVA）以教育水平为协变量进行计算。为了测量效应的大小，使用了ηp 2$｛eta｝_｛p｝^｛2｝$。计算了受试者工作特性曲线分析，以评估MoCA和MMSE的判别准确性。结果：MoCA显示出“合理”的内部一致性指数（α=0.75），并且与MMSE呈正相关。然而，作为一种认知测量，MoCA始终表现出优于MMSE（65%）的心理测量特性和更高的辨别准确性（MoCA=89%）。根据Youden指数，MoCA的最佳临界点低于24分，而MMSE的最佳临界值低于27分。结论：MoCA是一种有效的囚犯认知筛查工具。根据详细的认知评估进行进一步的验证将是有用的下一步。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among sentenced prisoners in a medium security prison in Ghana: Implications for mental health assessment and service 加纳一所中等安全级别监狱中被判刑囚犯的精神障碍患病率：对心理健康评估和服务的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2307

Gordon M. Donnir, Winifred Asare-Doku

Background

Extant literature has shown that there is a higher prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners compared to the general population. These findings have, however, mostly been from high-income and westernised cultures. In Ghana, little is known about the extent of psychiatric disorders among prisoners, as is consistent with the dearth of scholarly work in low and middle-income countries.

Aims

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of common mental disorders among sentenced prisoners in the second largest prison in Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey research design was used in one prison. The Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview questionnaire was used to collect data from men and women serving prison sentences who volunteered for the study. Socio-demographic characteristics and criminal history data were collected using a questionnaire designed by the researchers.

Results

Five hundred prisoners participated. Nearly half (246, 49.8%) had at least one psychiatric disorder. The most prevalent disorders were major depression and a range of anxiety disorders (145, 29%, 132, 26% respectively). A smaller proportion recorded high scores on the antisocial personality disorder scale (13%); just 50 (10%) reported using substances in the 12 months before interview, but this is a minimum estimate of such problems as many were already in prison during that time. None of these prisoners, regardless of disorder, had been screened, diagnosed, or treated in prison.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the gap in scholarly literature in low- and middle-income countries on psychiatric disorders in the prison population. It will be important to explore further the extent to which the internationally recognised screening tools used led to under-estimation of psychiatric disorders. The findings are of immediate practical importance nationally as they highlight the need to implement reforms anticipated by the new mental health legislation of 2012 and strategies for interagency working to improve health services and their uptake in the criminal justice system.

背景：现有文献表明，与普通人群相比，囚犯中的精神障碍患病率更高。然而，这些发现大多来自高收入和西方文化。在加纳，人们对囚犯中精神障碍的程度知之甚少，这与低收入和中等收入国家缺乏学术工作相一致。目的：我们的目的是确定加纳第二大监狱被判刑囚犯中常见精神障碍的患病率。方法：采用横断面调查研究设计对某监狱进行调查。迷你国际神经-精神病访谈问卷用于收集自愿参加该研究的服刑男女的数据。社会人口特征和犯罪史数据是使用研究人员设计的问卷收集的。结果：有500名囚犯参加。近一半（246人，49.8%）至少有一种精神障碍。最常见的疾病是严重抑郁症和一系列焦虑症（分别为145、29%、132、26%）。一小部分人在反社会人格障碍量表上获得高分（13%）；在采访前的12个月里，只有50人（10%）报告使用了药物，但这是对此类问题的最低估计，因为许多人在那段时间已经入狱。这些囚犯，无论是否有精神障碍，都没有在监狱中接受过筛查、诊断或治疗。结论：这项研究填补了中低收入国家关于监狱人口精神障碍的学术文献的空白。重要的是要进一步探索国际公认的筛查工具在多大程度上导致对精神障碍的低估。这些发现在全国范围内具有直接的实际意义，因为它们强调了实施2012年新的心理健康立法所预期的改革的必要性，以及机构间努力改善医疗服务及其在刑事司法系统中的应用的战略。

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引用次数: 0

Conducting prison-based research during the COVID-19 pandemic and the value of involving people with lived experience 在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间开展基于监狱的研究，以及让有亲身经历的人参与的价值

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2305

Daniel Pratt, Rebecca Crook

引用次数: 0

Difference between forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Italy and other European countries: Results of the EU-VIORMED project 意大利和其他欧洲国家精神分裂症谱系障碍法医患者的差异:欧盟- viormed项目的结果

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2302

Luca Castelletti, Laura Iozzino, Manuel Zamparini, Janusz Heitzman, Inga Markiewicz, Giuseppe Nicolò, Marco Picchioni, Giuseppe Restuccia, Gianfranco Rivellini, Fabio Teti, Johannes Wancata, Giovanni de Girolamo

Background

There has been a substantial change in the law on the provision of secure health services for offender-patients in Italy, a country currently with the lowest general psychiatry bed availability per head of the population in Europe, raising questions about possible differences in offender-patient admissions between European countries.

Aims

In this multicentre case–control study, our aim was to compare the socio-demographic, clinical and criminological characteristics of a sample of Italian forensic in-patients with schizophrenia or similar psychosis with patients in a similar diagnostic range in specialist in-patient services elsewhere in Europe.

Methods

Secure hospital unit in-patients with psychosis were recruited across five European countries (Italy, Austria, Germany, Poland and England). Consenting patients were interviewed by researchers and assessed using a multidimensional standardised process. Within country similarities between Austria, Germany, Poland and England were confirmed.

Results

Overall, 39 Italian participants had had fewer years of education than the 182 patients in the other countries and were less likely to have ever had skilled or professional employment. The Italian patients had been older at first contact with any mental health services than the other Europeans. Diagnosed comorbidity rates were similar, but the Italian group reported higher levels of disability. Although the other European forensic patients were more likely to be undergoing treatment at the time of their index offence, they were also more likely to have been poorly compliant with treatment. The rate of suicide-related behaviours was significantly lower among the Italian patients than among the others.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding similar diagnoses, important differences emerged between patients in Italian forensic mental health resident services and those in four other European countries, some possibly reflecting less access to earlier relevant services in Italy. Others, including lower disability ratings among the Italian patients and a lower rate of suicide-related behaviours, may indicate that the Italian reforms carry benefits. This is worthy of further evaluation.

背景意大利在为罪犯患者提供安全保健服务方面的法律有了重大变化，意大利目前是欧洲人均普通精神病学床位利用率最低的国家，这引发了欧洲各国在罪犯患者入院方面可能存在差异的问题。在这项多中心病例对照研究中，我们的目的是比较意大利精神分裂症或类似精神病的法医住院患者样本与欧洲其他地方专科住院服务中诊断范围相似的患者的社会人口学、临床和犯罪学特征。方法在5个欧洲国家(意大利、奥地利、德国、波兰和英国)招募住院精神病患者。研究人员对同意的患者进行了访谈，并使用多维标准化过程进行了评估。在国家内部，奥地利、德国、波兰和英国的相似性得到了证实。结果:总体而言，39名意大利参与者的受教育年限比其他国家的182名患者要少，并且不太可能有过技术或专业工作。意大利患者第一次接触精神卫生服务的年龄比其他欧洲人要大。诊断出的合并症发生率相似，但意大利组报告的残疾水平更高。尽管其他欧洲法医病人在他们的主要罪行发生时更有可能正在接受治疗，但他们也更有可能对治疗依从性差。意大利患者的自杀相关行为率明显低于其他患者。结论:尽管诊断相似，但意大利法医精神卫生住院服务的患者与其他四个欧洲国家的患者之间出现了重大差异，其中一些可能反映了意大利较早获得相关服务的机会较少。其他方面，包括意大利患者中较低的残疾评级和较低的自杀相关行为率，可能表明意大利的改革带来了好处。这一点值得进一步评价。

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引用次数: 0

Is a change in social competencies associated with a change in drug use and crime in substance-abusing offenders? Evidence from the breaking the cycle demonstration project 社会能力的变化是否与药物滥用者吸毒和犯罪的变化有关?来自打破循环示范工程的证据

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2301

Glenn D. Walters

BACKGROUNDThe Breaking the Cycle (BTC) Demonstration Project is an intensive drug intervention programme designed to break the cycle of drug use and offending in which many substance-abusing offenders find themselves trapped, by providing them with alternatives to drug use and crime.AIMSTo determine whether an increase in social competencies mediates between any relationship involving enrolment in the Breaking the Cycle Demonstration Project and subsequent drug use or self-reported offending.METHODSA group of 1088 Project participants (847 males and 241 females) were compared to a set of 987 offenders who received standard probation services alone (756 males and 231 females) using a quasi-experimental research design.RESULTSProject participants reported a significant rise in social competencies and significant reductions in both drug use and self-reported offending compared to the comparison group. While social competencies mediated the BTC-subsequent drug use association, drug use did not mediate the BTC-subsequent social competencies association. The direction of the social competencies-offending relationship was more equivocal in that both progressions (from BTC to social competencies and from BTC to offending) were significant.CONCLUSIONSThese findings add to the evidence of the success of the Breaking the Cycle Demonstration Project in reducing drug use and offending by finding that improvements in social competencies among substance-abusing participants may be a critical step in reducing drug use. The route to reducing reoffending is not so dependent on a single pathway, although findings suggest that more attention should be paid to both changing and measuring social competencies in future interventions with substance-misusing offenders.

背景打破循环示范项目是一项密集的药物干预方案，旨在通过向滥用药物者提供替代吸毒和犯罪的途径，打破许多滥用药物者陷入的吸毒和犯罪的循环。目的确定社会能力的提高是否在参与打破循环示范项目与随后的吸毒或自我报告的犯罪之间的任何关系中起中介作用。方法采用准实验研究设计，将1088名项目参与者(847名男性，241名女性)与987名单独接受标准缓刑服务的罪犯(756名男性，231名女性)进行比较。结果:与对照组相比，项目参与者报告了社会能力的显著提高，吸毒和自我报告犯罪的显著减少。虽然社会胜任力在btc -后续吸毒之间起中介作用，但吸毒并没有在btc -后续社会胜任力之间起中介作用。社会胜任力-犯罪关系的方向较为模糊，从社会胜任力到社会胜任力和从社会胜任力到犯罪的两种进展都显著。结论这些发现进一步证明了“打破循环”示范项目在减少吸毒和犯罪方面取得了成功，发现提高药物滥用参与者的社会能力可能是减少吸毒的关键步骤。减少再犯的途径并不依赖于单一的途径，尽管研究结果表明，在未来对滥用药物的罪犯进行干预时，应该更多地关注改变和衡量社会能力。

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引用次数: 0

Response from Authors 作者的回复。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2304

Rebecca J. Mitchell, Nicholas Burns, Nicholas Glozier, Olav Nielssen

The authors thank Dr Wei for his interest and support provided to their research and its findings. We are cognisant that the experience of addressing mental illness, criminal justice contact, and homelessness is a worldwide issue.

Naturally, as with many cross-sectional cohort studies examining associations between independent characteristics and outcomes, causation is not able to be inferred. The authors agree that contact with the criminal justice system, mental disorders and/or substance use may both precede and contribute to homelessness. Although we do not infer a causal relationship, the high proportion of the cohort released from prison (∼30%) and the high rate of recidivism during the study show that the existing interventions are not preventive.

The authors look forward to prospective studies that may be able to disentangle the contribution and the effects of criminal recidivism, mental illness, substance use, and homelessness and seek to offer evidence-based solutions to provide stable accommodation.

作者感谢魏博士对他们的研究和发现的关注和支持。我们认识到，解决精神疾病、刑事司法联系和无家可归问题的经验是一个全球性问题。当然，就像许多横断面队列研究考察独立特征和结果之间的关联一样，无法推断出因果关系。作者同意，与刑事司法系统的接触、精神障碍和/或物质使用都可能是导致无家可归的原因。虽然我们没有推断出因果关系，但在研究期间，从监狱释放的高比例(约30%)和高累犯率表明，现有的干预措施并不是预防性的。作者期待着前瞻性研究，这些研究可能能够理清犯罪累犯、精神疾病、物质使用和无家可归的贡献和影响，并寻求提供基于证据的解决方案，以提供稳定的住宿。

引用次数: 0

Understanding the link between alcohol dependence and victimisation risk: Is risk explained by peers or alcohol behaviours? 理解酒精依赖和受害风险之间的联系:风险是由同伴或酒精行为来解释的吗?

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2300

Thomas Wojciechowski

Background

Alcohol dependence is a risk factor for experiencing victimisation, but little is known about how peer and behavioural mechanisms may explain this relationship.

Aims

To test deviant peer association and/or heavy-episodic drinking frequency as mediators between alcohol dependence and risk for being victimised.

Methods

The Pathways to Desistance data were analysed. Generalised structural equation modelling was used to determine whether either or both of the hypothesised pathways significantly mediated the relationship between alcohol dependence and victimisation.

Results

Alcohol dependence at recruitment (age 14–17) was associated with higher odds of being a victim of some form of violence in Wave 3 (age x–y). This relationship was significantly mediated by deviant peer association but not heavy-episodic drinking frequency between Waves 2 and 3.

Conclusions

These findings add knowledge about the mechanism of a link between early alcohol dependence and later violent victimisation among young offenders. They suggest that more focus on reducing delinquent peer association, or reducing its impact, is crucial to reducing further harms to these young people, in turn possibly affecting continuing substance use and reoffending risks. Peer mentoring programmes help to provide prosocial modelling and reduce deviant peer ties in some circumstances, and these findings suggest that the next step should be their evaluation specifically among justice-involved young people with alcohol dependence. Providing additional funding and/or opportunities for involvement in such mentoring programmes may help to reduce the public health and financial costs associated with alcohol dependence in the juvenile justice system.

酒精依赖是经历受害的一个危险因素，但对同伴和行为机制如何解释这种关系知之甚少。目的测试异常同伴关联和/或重度饮酒频率在酒精依赖和受害风险之间的中介作用。方法对阻力通路数据进行分析。使用广义结构方程模型来确定假设的途径中是否有一个或两个显著地介导了酒精依赖和受害之间的关系。结果招募时(14-17岁)的酒精依赖与第三阶段(x-y岁)成为某种形式暴力受害者的几率较高相关。在波2和波3之间，这种关系被异常同伴关联显著介导，但不受重度饮酒频率的影响。结论:这些发现增加了对早期酒精依赖和后来的青少年暴力受害者之间联系机制的认识。他们建议，更多地关注减少不良同龄人的联系，或减少其影响，对于减少对这些年轻人的进一步伤害至关重要，进而可能影响持续使用药物和再次犯罪的风险。在某些情况下，同伴指导计划有助于提供亲社会的榜样，减少不正常的同伴关系，这些发现表明，下一步应该是在涉及司法的酒精依赖年轻人中进行评估。为参与这种辅导方案提供额外资金和/或机会，可能有助于减少少年司法系统中与酒精依赖有关的公共卫生和财政成本。

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引用次数: 0

A response to ‘Homelessness and predictors of criminal reoffending: A retrospective cohort study’ 对“无家可归和犯罪再犯的预测因素:一项回顾性队列研究”的回应

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2303

LienChung Wei

引用次数: 0

The proactive–reactive classification of intimate partner violence offenders: A multi-method approach to classification 亲密伴侣暴力犯罪者的主动-被动分类:多方法分类方法

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2299

Julia C. Babcock, Sheetal Kini, Neha Pathak

Background

Men who commit violence against an intimate partner differ in their motives. Classifying the proactivity of men's partner violence may reveal important differences that could be treatment targets.

Aims

To examine the differences between proactive and reactive partner violence based on coded descriptions of past violent events.

Method

Community cohabiting couples reporting intimate partner violence were recruited via advertisements. Men and women were independently interviewed about past male-to-female violent events. The narratives of a male perpetrator and a female victim were coded using a Proactive–Reactive coding system, yielding three categories of violence: reactive, mixed proactive/reactive and proactive. The three categories were compared for differences in personality disorder features, attachment, psychophysiological reactivity during a conflict discussion task, and a self- and partner report of men's proactive and reactive aggressive tendencies.

Results

The results revealed a 54% classification agreement between perpetrator and victim reports. No differences were found on personality or attachment measures between the groups regardless of gender of the reporter. Reactive violence was related to a tendency to self-report more reactive aggression and higher heart rate reactivity during a laboratory conflict discussion compared to the group reporting both proactive and reactive violent incidents.

Conclusion

This study suggests that a coding system for intimate partner violence can be applied to community volunteers, and it is a reliable report and valid. However, there are discrepancies when the coding is based on the perpetrator or victim reports.

男性对亲密伴侣实施暴力的动机各不相同。对男性伴侣暴力的主动性进行分类可能会揭示可能成为治疗目标的重要差异。目的基于对过去暴力事件的编码描述，研究主动和被动伴侣暴力之间的差异。方法通过广告招募报告亲密伴侣暴力的社区同居伴侣。男性和女性分别接受了关于过去男性对女性暴力事件的采访。使用主动-反应编码系统对男性加害者和女性受害者的叙述进行编码，产生三种暴力类型:被动、混合主动/被动和主动。研究人员比较了这三类男性在人格障碍特征、依恋、冲突讨论任务中的心理生理反应，以及男性主动攻击倾向和被动攻击倾向的自我和伴侣报告方面的差异。结果结果显示，加害人与受害人报告的分类一致性为54%。无论记者的性别如何，两组之间在性格或依恋方面没有发现差异。与报告主动和被动暴力事件的小组相比，在实验室冲突讨论中，反应性暴力与自我报告更多反应性攻击和更高心率反应的倾向有关。结论亲密伴侣暴力行为编码系统可应用于社区志愿者，报告可靠、有效。然而，当编码是基于犯罪者或受害者的报告时，就会存在差异。

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引用次数: 2