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Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure 西澳大利亚州被判处拘禁的青少年的神经心理学特征,有无产前酒精接触。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2329
Jed Kerry, Grace Kuen Yee Tan, Kirsten R. Panton, Raewyn Mutch, Jacinta Freeman, Hayley Passmore, Carmela F. Pestell

Background/Aims

Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under-recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE-group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests.

Methods

Participants included 85 young people sentenced to detention (mean 15.7 years, 78 males), 46 with PAE. A one-way-multivariate analysis of variance tested differences in neuropsychological functioning between PAE/No-PAE groups, while logistic regression determined tests predictive of PAE.

Results

No statistically significant difference in test scores emerged between groups, and regression was not indicative of any models predictive of PAE-group membership. Neuropsychological profiles were characterised by both strengths and weaknesses, with lower verbal and mathematical skills.

Conclusion(s)

While no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, the results provided a unique insight into the neurocognitive profile of Australian youth in detention. Routine screening assessments were recommended for young people sentenced to detention.

背景/目的:司法系统对产前酒精暴露(PAE)青少年的认识不足,因此需要提高识别能力。本研究旨在比较存在和不存在 PAE 的青少年的神经心理学特征,并确定可预测 PAE 群体成员的神经心理学任务。研究假设,患有 PAE 的参与者在神经心理学测试中的得分会明显较低:参与者包括 85 名被判处拘留的青少年(平均 15.7 岁,78 名男性),其中 46 名患有 PAE。单向多元方差分析测试了 PAE/No-PAE组之间神经心理功能的差异,而逻辑回归则确定了预测PAE的测试:结果:各组之间的测试得分没有明显的统计学差异,回归结果也没有显示任何可预测 PAE 组别成员的模型。神经心理学特征既有优点也有缺点,语言和数学能力较低:虽然各组之间没有发现明显的统计学差异,但研究结果为了解澳大利亚被拘留青少年的神经认知概况提供了独特的视角。建议对被判处拘留的青少年进行常规筛查评估。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of literature on homicide followed by suicide and mental state of perpetrators 对有关杀人后自杀和肇事者精神状态的文献进行系统回顾。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2322
Alexis Theodorou, Helen Sinclair, Saima Ali, Seema Sukhwal, Christopher Bassett, Heidi Hales

Background

Homicide followed by suicide is rare, devastating and perpetrated worldwide. It is commonly assumed that the perpetrator had a mental disorder, raising concomitant questions about prevention. Though events have been reported, there has been no previous systematic review of the mental health of perpetrators.

Aims

Our aims were twofold. First, to identify whether there are recognisable subgroups of homicide–suicides in published literature and, secondly, to investigate the relationship between perpetrator mental state and aspects of the incident.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published literature on studies of homicide followed within 24 h by suicide or serious suicide attempt that included measures of perpetrator mental state.

Results

Sixty studies were identified, most from North America or Europe. Methodologically, studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. They fell into three main groups: family, mass shooter, and terrorist with an additional small mixed group. There was evidence of mental illness in a minority of perpetrators; its absence in the remainder was only partially evidenced. There was no clear association between any specific mental illness and homicide–suicide type, although depression was most cited. Social role disjunction, motive, substance misuse and relevant risk or threat behaviours were themes identified across all groups. Pre-established ideology was relevant in the mass shooter and terrorism groups. Prior trauma history was notable in the terrorist group.

Conclusion

Research data were necessarily collected post-incident and in most cases without a standardised approach, so findings must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, they suggest at least some preventive role for mental health professionals. Those presenting to services with depression, suicidal ideation, relationship difficulties and actual, or perceived, changes in social position or role would merit detailed, supportive assessment over time.

背景:杀人后自杀的情况十分罕见,但却具有毁灭性,而且在世界各地都有发生。人们通常假定行凶者有精神障碍,这就提出了预防方面的问题。虽然已有相关事件的报道,但此前并没有对行凶者的精神健康状况进行过系统的研究。首先,在已发表的文献中确定是否存在可识别的杀人自杀亚群;其次,调查行凶者的精神状态与事件各个方面之间的关系:我们对已发表的关于杀人后 24 小时内自杀或严重自杀未遂的研究文献进行了系统性回顾,其中包括对行凶者精神状态的测量:结果:共确定了 60 项研究,其中大部分来自北美或欧洲。从方法学角度来看,这些研究过于分散,无法进行荟萃分析。这些研究主要分为三组:家庭组、大规模枪手组和恐怖分子组,另外还有一小部分混合组。有证据表明,少数肇事者患有精神疾病;其余的肇事者只有部分患有精神疾病。任何特定的精神疾病与杀人-自杀类型之间都没有明显的联系,但抑郁症是最常被提及的。社会角色脱节、动机、药物滥用和相关的风险或威胁行为是所有群体都确定的主题。预先建立的意识形态与大规模枪杀和恐怖主义群体有关。结论:研究数据必须在事件发生后收集:研究数据必须在事件发生后收集,而且在大多数情况下没有采用标准化方法,因此必须谨慎解释研究结果。尽管如此,研究结果表明心理健康专业人员至少可以起到一定的预防作用。那些因抑郁、自杀念头、人际关系困难以及社会地位或角色的实际或感知变化而求助心理健康服务机构的人,值得长期进行详细的支持性评估。
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引用次数: 0
Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity mediates the relationships between ‘Dark Triad’ traits and cyberbullying perpetration 功能性和功能失调性冲动是 "黑暗三合会 "特征与网络欺凌行为之间关系的中介。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2321
Miriam Sang-Ah Park, Joël Billieux, Sanjana Raj, Mei Chee Lee, Dianne Shaneeta Geoffrey, Filip Nuyens

Background

Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation have been associated with psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. Prior studies have shown that the ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are associated with greater likelihood of perpetration, yet there is a research gap regarding potential mediators of this relationship.

Aims

To test whether functional and dysfunctional impulsivity act as mediators between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying perpetration.

Methods

A cross-sectional online study was conducted, in which a sample of 141 university students (63% male) from Malaysia were recruited by online and local poster advertising inviting them to complete a questionnaire containing a series of psychometric scales, including measures of ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits, impulsivity and cyberbullying perpetration.

Results

A relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and higher psychopathy scale scores was mediated by dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity. The relationship between cyberbullying and narcissism scores was not mediated by impulsivity. Higher Machiavellianism scores were similarly associated with cyberbullying, but there was no correlation at all between Machiavellianism and impulsivity scores.

Conclusion

Our findings add to the literature by showing that not only Dark Triad scale scores are associated with cyberbullying, but that difficulty in refraining from or controlling impulsive behaviours (dysfunctional impulsivity) may be a key component in this relationship. Given that our sample was of generally well-functioning people, our findings may not extend to those with serious cyberbullying problems. Yet, they provide avenues for identifying people at risk of such behaviours before problems become well-established and call for more nuanced approaches towards understanding and intervening with problematic cyberbullying.

背景:网络欺凌的实施和受害与心理困扰(包括抑郁和自杀倾向)有关。先前的研究表明,"黑暗三合会 "人格特质(自恋、马基雅维利主义和心理变态)与更大的犯罪可能性相关,但关于这种关系的潜在中介因素的研究还存在空白。目的:测试功能性冲动和功能障碍冲动是否是 "黑暗三合会 "人格特质与网络欺凌犯罪之间的中介因素:方法:我们进行了一项横断面在线研究,通过在线和本地海报广告招募了马来西亚的141名大学生(63%为男性),邀请他们填写一份包含一系列心理测量量表的调查问卷,其中包括 "黑暗三合会 "人格特质、冲动性和网络欺凌行为的测量:网络欺凌行为与较高的心理变态量表得分之间的关系是由功能障碍而非功能性冲动所中介的。网络欺凌与自恋评分之间的关系不以冲动为中介。较高的马基雅维利主义得分同样与网络欺凌有关,但马基雅维利主义与冲动性得分之间没有任何相关性:我们的研究结果表明,不仅 "黑暗三联征 "量表得分与网络欺凌有关,而且难以克制或控制冲动行为(机能障碍性冲动)也可能是这种关系的关键因素,从而为相关文献增添了新的内容。鉴于我们的样本是一般功能良好的人,我们的研究结果可能不会延伸到那些有严重网络欺凌问题的人。然而,这些研究结果为在问题形成之前识别有此类行为风险的人群提供了途径,并呼吁采取更细致的方法来理解和干预有问题的网络欺凌行为。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding homicide–suicide, next steps in research 了解杀人-自杀,研究的下一步。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2325
Sandra Flynn
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引用次数: 0
Well-being in institutionalised adolescents 福利院青少年的福祉。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2327
Manuella C. da Silva, Maria O. Teixeira, Márcia Laranjeira

Background

For adolescents who have criminal convictions, achieving a positive progress including desistance from offending may depend on a sense of well-being. Factors associated with growth in well-being are not widely researched, but there is some work that suggests that qualities in other internal states as well as in the environment may foster well-being.

Aims

To examine the well-being of young male incarcerated offenders, and its relationship with frequency of contacts with the family, perceptions of socio-educational environment, feelings about the future and self-efficacy.

Methods

Participants were recruited from three secure education institutions in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, under the management of the Secretariat of Justice. They were invited to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires, which included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Perception of the Socio-Educational Environment Scale, the Feelings about the Future Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy, and to provide limited sociodemographic data.

Results

195 young male offenders participated and their mean age was 16.8 years (SD = 1.58, range 14–20). There was a positive correlation between well-being and perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future and self-efficacy self-ratings. Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that the frequency of family contacts, positive perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future, and self-efficacy in leisure and social activities independently contributed to the well-being of young offenders.

Conclusion

Although well-being has been associated with desistance from committing crimes, the factors that may predispose to well-being have been researched less and never before examined among inmates in Brazil. While longitudinal work is needed to be certain of the direction of the relationship, the fact that the results are broadly consistent with a similar study carried out on the other side of the world is encouraging in terms of indicating ways forward in rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop interventions that support family relationships and promote personal relationships and personal development, not only of useful skills but also of personal confidence in those skills.

背景:对于被判刑的青少年来说,能否取得积极的进步,包括不再犯罪,可能取决于他们的幸福感。目的:研究被监禁的年轻男性罪犯的幸福感及其与家庭联系频率、社会教育环境感知、未来感和自我效能感之间的关系:参与者来自巴西巴西利亚联邦区的三个安全教育机构,由司法秘书处管理。他们被邀请填写匿名自我报告问卷,其中包括心理健康量表、社会教育环境感知量表、未来感量表和感知自我效能多维量表,并提供有限的社会人口学数据:195 名年轻男性罪犯参加了调查,他们的平均年龄为 16.8 岁(SD = 1.58,范围为 14-20 岁)。幸福感与对社会教育环境的看法、对未来的积极感受和自我效能感的自我评分之间存在正相关。多元线性回归分析证实,与家人接触的频率、对社会教育环境的积极看法、对未来的积极感受以及在休闲和社交活动中的自我效能感对青少年罪犯的幸福感有独立的促进作用:尽管幸福感与不再犯罪有关,但对可能导致幸福感的因素研究较少,而且从未在巴西囚犯中进行过研究。虽然需要进行纵向研究才能确定这种关系的方向,但研究结果与在世界另一端进行的类似研究大体一致,这一事实令人鼓舞,为今后的改造工作指明了方向。有必要制定干预措施,支持家庭关系,促进人际关系和个人发展,不仅要培养有用的技能,还要培养个人对这些技能的信心。
{"title":"Well-being in institutionalised adolescents","authors":"Manuella C. da Silva,&nbsp;Maria O. Teixeira,&nbsp;Márcia Laranjeira","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2327","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2327","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For adolescents who have criminal convictions, achieving a positive progress including desistance from offending may depend on a sense of well-being. Factors associated with growth in well-being are not widely researched, but there is some work that suggests that qualities in other internal states as well as in the environment may foster well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the well-being of young male incarcerated offenders, and its relationship with frequency of contacts with the family, perceptions of socio-educational environment, feelings about the future and self-efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were recruited from three secure education institutions in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, under the management of the Secretariat of Justice. They were invited to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires, which included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Perception of the Socio-Educational Environment Scale, the Feelings about the Future Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy, and to provide limited sociodemographic data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>195 young male offenders participated and their mean age was 16.8 years (<i>SD</i> = 1.58, range 14–20). There was a positive correlation between well-being and perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future and self-efficacy self-ratings. Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that the frequency of family contacts, positive perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future, and self-efficacy in leisure and social activities independently contributed to the well-being of young offenders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although well-being has been associated with desistance from committing crimes, the factors that may predispose to well-being have been researched less and never before examined among inmates in Brazil. While longitudinal work is needed to be certain of the direction of the relationship, the fact that the results are broadly consistent with a similar study carried out on the other side of the world is encouraging in terms of indicating ways forward in rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop interventions that support family relationships and promote personal relationships and personal development, not only of useful skills but also of personal confidence in those skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic scoping review exploring how people with lived experience have been involved in prison and forensic mental health research 系统性的范围界定审查,探索有生活经历的人如何参与监狱和法医精神健康研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2324
Rosie Rutherford, Nicola Bowes, Rosie Cornwell, Daniel Heggs, Susannah Pashley

Background

Introduction of guidance by the National Institute for Health Research has led to an increase in participation by people with ‘lived experience’ of mental health problems. However, some researchers have questioned the extent to which involvement has been meaningful, expressing concerns that involvement is impeded by the structure and culture of academia. A prior review of literature to 2016 provided little evidence of active engagement.

Aims

To find out from published literature how patient and public involvement in designing and or conducting research has been used in forensic mental health settings, prisons or probation since the last review period.

Methods

A systematic scoping review of research published in academic journals between 2016 and February 2023 was completed using terms for research activity, involvement of people with experience of receiving services and health or justice systems to search three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. We used the Guidance for Reporting Patient and Public Involvement in Research Tool to support data extraction and to summarise our own service user involvement in this study.

Results

From 675 unique titles retrieved, 17 were eligible for inclusion, covering 16 unique studies. Most of the included research was by/with people who had prison experience. Only two studies had been conducted by/with people who had experience of secure hospital wards/forensic mental health services. Details of how people with lived experience had contributed to the research were scarce, but in 8 studies they had been involved throughout and included in the authorship group.

Conclusion

Whilst this review identifies pockets of good practice, meaningful engagement in forensic mental health research seems to remain rare, at least as reported in papers published in academic journals. Further research is required into whether this reflects real limits on inclusion, as we suspect, or such full integration that such reporting is not regarded as necessary or desirable, which we doubt. We urge journal editors to routinely ask authors to include information about how people with lived experience have been involved in any published research and the nature and extent of the influence they had. This may help to develop the evidence base and guard against tokenistic involvement.

背景:美国国家健康研究所(National Institute for Health Research)出台的指导意见使更多有心理健康问题 "亲身经历 "的人参与到研究中来。然而,一些研究人员对参与的意义提出了质疑,他们担心学术界的结构和文化阻碍了他们的参与。目的:从已发表的文献中了解自上次回顾期以来,法医精神健康机构、监狱或缓刑机构是如何利用患者和公众参与设计和开展研究的:对 2016 年至 2023 年 2 月间发表在学术期刊上的研究进行了系统性的范围审查,使用研究活动、有接受服务经验者的参与以及健康或司法系统等术语搜索了三个数据库:MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 PsycINFO。我们使用了 "患者和公众参与研究工具报告指南 "来支持数据提取,并总结了我们自己的服务使用者在本研究中的参与情况:在检索到的 675 个标题中,有 17 个符合纳入条件,涉及 16 项研究。大部分被纳入的研究都是由/与有过监狱经历的人共同完成的。只有两项研究是由有过安全医院病房/法医精神健康服务经历的人进行的。关于有生活经历的人如何为研究做出贡献的细节很少,但在 8 项研究中,他们自始至终都参与其中,并被纳入作者小组:尽管本综述发现了一些良好的实践,但有意义地参与法医精神健康研究似乎仍然很少见,至少在学术期刊上发表的论文中是这样报道的。我们需要进一步研究,这究竟是反映了我们所猜测的对参与的真正限制,还是反映了这种充分的整合被认为是不必要或不可取的,我们对此表示怀疑。我们敦促期刊编辑定期要求作者提供信息,说明有生活经验的人是如何参与任何已发表的研究的,以及他们所受影响的性质和程度。这可能有助于发展证据基础并防止象征性的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Self-stigma of incarceration and its impact on health and community integration 被监禁的自我耻辱感及其对健康和社区融合的影响。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2326
Chelsea E. Brehmer, Sang Qin, Brigette C. Young, David R. Strauser

Background

Individuals returning to the wider community from incarceration face many re-entry barriers, including stigmatising beliefs regarding past criminal record, that have impact on health and re-entry. Understanding the development and impact of self-stigma on health can inform re-entry and rehabilitation services.

Aims

The two aims of this study were first, to evaluate a previously established model of self-stigma applied to individuals who have experienced incarceration and, secondly, to study the impact of self-stigma on physical and mental health as well as community integration on re-entry.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 129 formerly incarcerated adults recruited using an online platform and asked to complete online rating scales about self-stigmatisation, health and sense of community integration. Repeated-measures analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and path analyses were used to evaluate the model.

Results

There was support for the four distinct stages of self-stigmatisation apparent in mental health research. There was a relationship between self-stigma harm and sense of community integration, mediated by mental but not physical health status scores.

Conclusion

Our findings add to work on self-stigmatisation in the field of mental health by showing that the concept appears relevant and appears in similar staging among formerly incarcerated individuals and that self-stigmatisation is likely to be important for their community reintegration. Our sample was not typical of the wider prison population for race and gender distribution, in particular having fewer than expected those minority groups likely to be especially vulnerable to stigmatisation by others. Our findings nevertheless suggest that further, preferably, longitudinal research on self-stigma to enable better understanding of pathways could substantially help treatment and rehabilitation of individuals after release from a correctional facility.

背景:刑满释放后重返社会的人面临着许多重返社会的障碍,包括对过去犯罪记录的污名化观念,这对他们的健康和重返社会都有影响。了解自我污名的形成及其对健康的影响,可以为重返社会和康复服务提供参考。目的:本研究有两个目的,一是评估以前建立的适用于曾经历监禁的个人的自我污名模型,二是研究自我污名对身心健康以及重返社会后融入社区的影响:这是一项横断面研究,通过在线平台招募了 129 名曾被监禁的成年人,要求他们完成有关自我污名化、健康和社区融入感的在线评分量表。研究采用了重复测量方差分析、相关分析和路径分析来评估模型:结果:心理健康研究中明显存在的自我鄙视的四个不同阶段得到了支持。自我鄙视伤害与社区融入感之间存在一定的关系,这种关系由心理健康状况分数而非身体健康状况分数中介:我们的研究结果为心理健康领域的自我污名化研究增添了新的内容,表明了这一概念在曾被监禁者中的相关性和相似性,以及自我污名化对他们重新融入社区的重要性。就种族和性别分布而言,我们的样本在更广泛的监狱人口中并不典型,特别是那些可能特别容易受到他人鄙视的少数群体的人数比预期的要少。尽管如此,我们的研究结果表明,进一步开展有关自我污名化的纵向研究,以便更好地了解自我污名化的途径,这将大大有助于个人从惩教机构释放后的治疗和康复。
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引用次数: 0
When the ward is the patient: Using the PRISM protocol to understand and reduce violence in an inpatient intellectual disability setting 当病房就是病人使用 PRISM 协议了解并减少智障住院患者中的暴力行为
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2318
Jana de Villiers, Lorraine Johnstone
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Violence in inpatient settings is recognised as a worldwide issue, with inpatient intellectual disability services having higher rates than other mental health settings. Violence results in injury and illness, lack of confidence in the organisation and staff burnout. These combined effects have a negative impact on the ability of services to provide therapeutic environments. Attempts to manage violence tend to focus on the individual. This is only one part of the solution. Situational risk factors for violence within secure settings can be identified and modified to reduce violence rates. The role of situational risk factors in rates of institutional violence requires consideration in addition to individual patient risk assessment and management.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To discuss an illustrative case study of a ward experiencing high levels of violence, resulting in staff burnout and low morale. To describe how assessing and addressing the relevant situational risk factors led to demonstrable reductions in violence and improvements in the service provided.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This case study demonstrates the practical application of assessing and managing situational risk factors for violence in a locked intellectual disability ward in order to effectively reduce levels of violent incidents. A description of the violence and critical issues faced by the ward is provided, noting key elements of the timeline of events and the application of the Promoting Risk Intervention by Situational Management (PRISM) process to address these.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The PRISM protocol enabled a comprehensive assessment and understanding of situational factors relevant to the violence rates in the ward. The recommendations following the analysis enabled the management team to identify areas for immediate and long-term action. Practical steps to address issues such as improving soundproofing were implemented quickly whilst other issues required changes over the longer term. Significantly, reduced levels of violence were observed within a 2-month period of immediate steps being taken, with further gains achieved over the longer term.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>This paper provides the only example of the use of the PRISM protocol in an intellectual disability inpatient setting. The reduction in violence seen in this unit provides ‘real world’ evidence that addressing situational factors for institutional violence can be effective in intellec
住院环境中的暴力被认为是一个全球性问题,住院智力残疾服务机构的暴力发生率高于其他精神卫生机构。暴力导致受伤和疾病,对组织缺乏信心,员工倦怠。这些综合影响对服务机构提供治疗环境的能力产生了负面影响。试图控制暴力倾向于关注个人。这只是解决方案的一部分。可以确定和修改安全环境中暴力的情景风险因素,以减少暴力发生率。除了个体患者风险评估和管理外,还需要考虑情境风险因素在机构暴力发生率中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The contributing factors to suicide in Italian prisons: An 11-year analysis (2010–2020) 意大利监狱中的自杀诱因:11 年分析(2010-2020 年)
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2319
Paolo Bailo, Filippo Gibelli, Asaea Celletti, Anna Caraffa, Ascanio Sirignano, Giovanna Ricci
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, with approximately 800,000 deaths annually and accounting for 1.5% of all deaths. Risk factors are multifaceted, encompassing individual factors (such as genetics, family history and mental illnesses) and environmental factors (such as economic conditions, social support and life events). In prisons, suicide rates are markedly higher than in the general population, particularly in Italy, where the prisoner suicide rate is approximately 20 times that of the non-incarcerated population. There is, however, little research on suicide in Italian prisons.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To analyse the characteristics of all people who died by suicide in Italian prisons between 2010 and 2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We carried out a records-based cohort study analysing official data from the Italian Ministry of Justice on prison suicides between 2010 and 2020. The data were cross-referenced and, when required, supplemented with information from <i>Ristretti Orizzonti</i>, a journal specialising in health and living conditions in prisons, as well as from the website of ISTAT (Italian National Statistical Institute), newspapers, radio broadcasts and news agencies.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Factors associated with an increased risk of suicide in prisons were nighttime periods, the months of June, July and October, a relatively brief duration of detention (<6 months), having been convicted of murder, male gender, being about 40 years old, having access to hanging materials and being interned (i.e. subjected to the execution of custodial security measures) or awaiting trial. Prison overcrowding was not a risk factor for suicide.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our findings hold substantial implications for suicide prevention in Italian prisons as they suggest both characteristics of individuals and characteristics of the institutions that could be taken as risk indicators. This knowledge can inform the development of targeted interventions to manage both individual and environmental factors better, leading to improved prison conditions and reduced suicide rates. Furthermore, our research establishes a foundation for more systematic and in-depth investigations that could further improve suicide prevention strategies in Italian prisons, ultimately influencing policy changes in both practice and research, i
自杀是全球死亡的主要原因,每年约有80万人死亡,占所有死亡人数的1.5%。风险因素是多方面的,包括个人因素(如遗传、家族史和精神疾病)和环境因素(如经济条件、社会支持和生活事件)。在监狱中,自杀率明显高于一般人群,特别是在意大利,囚犯的自杀率大约是非监禁人口的20倍。然而,很少有关于意大利监狱自杀的研究。
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引用次数: 0
CBMH issue 6, volume 33 highlights CBMH 第 6 期第 33 卷要闻
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2320
Pamela J. Taylor
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
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