Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health最新文献

英文中文

Psychopathy traits explain variance shared between features of substance use disorders and violence 精神变态特征解释了药物使用障碍和暴力特征之间的共同差异

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2353

Samuel R. Vincent, Emily E. Graupman, William J. McGarrigle, David S. Kosson

Background

There is a substantial research literature on identifying risk and protective factors for violence perpetration. Substance use disorders have long been identified as constituting a significant predictor of violent behaviour. Psychopathy traits have also been similarly recognised, but inter-relationships between psychopathy traits, features of substance use disorders and violence have been little explored.

Aims

To determine the degree to which shared variance between substance dependence symptoms and violence, as indicated by criminal charges for violent offences, among jailed men can be explained by psychopathy traits.

Methods

Features of dependence on substances in three drug classes (alcohol, cannabis and cocaine) were assessed in a sample of 682 men in a county jail awaiting trial on criminal charges, many for violent offences. Statistical comparisons of zero-order and partial correlations tested whether accounting for psychopathy total and facet scores, assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), affected associations between substance dependence symptoms and violent charges.

Results

Total PCL-R scores accounted for a significant proportion of the shared variance between the history of criminal charges for violence offences and lifetime substance dependence symptoms in all three drug classes. At the facet level, controlling for ratings on the interpersonal and modified antisocial facets reduced the association between criminal charges for violent offences and symptoms of cocaine dependence; controlling for ratings on a modified antisocial facet also attenuated links between alcohol and cannabis dependence symptoms and history of charges for violent offences.

Conclusion

These findings build on the sparse literature to date on the role of psychopathy traits on relationships between features of substance use disorders and violence. Given that the observed connection between substance dependence symptoms and charges for violent offences is partly accounted for by individual differences in psychopathy traits, it follows that effective treatment for those traits may be useful, perhaps essential to reducing links between features of some substance use disorders and violent offending.

背景关于确定暴力行为风险和保护因素的研究文献很多。长期以来，人们一直认为药物使用障碍是暴力行为的重要预测因素。目的确定精神变态特质在多大程度上可以解释药物依赖症状与暴力行为之间的共同差异，暴力犯罪的刑事指控显示了被监禁男性中药物依赖症状与暴力行为之间的共同差异。方法在一个县监狱中对 682 名因刑事指控（其中许多是暴力犯罪）而候审的男性进行抽样调查，评估他们对三类药物（酒精、大麻和可卡因）的依赖特征。通过对零阶和部分相关性进行统计比较，检验了心理病理学检查表-修订版（PCL-R）评估的心理病理学总分和分面得分是否会影响药物依赖症状与暴力指控之间的关联。结果PCL-R总分在暴力犯罪刑事指控史与所有三种药物类别的终生药物依赖症状之间的共同变异中占很大比例。在侧面水平上，控制人际侧面和修正的反社会侧面的评分会降低暴力犯罪刑事指控与可卡因依赖症状之间的联系；控制修正的反社会侧面的评分也会削弱酒精和大麻依赖症状与暴力犯罪指控史之间的联系。鉴于所观察到的药物依赖症状与暴力犯罪指控之间的联系部分是由心理变态特质的个体差异造成的，因此，针对这些特质的有效治疗可能是有用的，也许对于减少某些药物使用障碍的特征与暴力犯罪之间的联系至关重要。

{"title":"Psychopathy traits explain variance shared between features of substance use disorders and violence","authors":"Samuel R. Vincent, Emily E. Graupman, William J. McGarrigle, David S. Kosson","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a substantial research literature on identifying risk and protective factors for violence perpetration. Substance use disorders have long been identified as constituting a significant predictor of violent behaviour. Psychopathy traits have also been similarly recognised, but inter-relationships between psychopathy traits, features of substance use disorders and violence have been little explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the degree to which shared variance between substance dependence symptoms and violence, as indicated by criminal charges for violent offences, among jailed men can be explained by psychopathy traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Features of dependence on substances in three drug classes (alcohol, cannabis and cocaine) were assessed in a sample of 682 men in a county jail awaiting trial on criminal charges, many for violent offences. Statistical comparisons of zero-order and partial correlations tested whether accounting for psychopathy total and facet scores, assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), affected associations between substance dependence symptoms and violent charges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total PCL-R scores accounted for a significant proportion of the shared variance between the history of criminal charges for violence offences and lifetime substance dependence symptoms in all three drug classes. At the facet level, controlling for ratings on the interpersonal and modified antisocial facets reduced the association between criminal charges for violent offences and symptoms of cocaine dependence; controlling for ratings on a modified antisocial facet also attenuated links between alcohol and cannabis dependence symptoms and history of charges for violent offences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings build on the sparse literature to date on the role of psychopathy traits on relationships between features of substance use disorders and violence. Given that the observed connection between substance dependence symptoms and charges for violent offences is partly accounted for by individual differences in psychopathy traits, it follows that effective treatment for those traits may be useful, perhaps essential to reducing links between features of some substance use disorders and violent offending.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 5","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychopathy, criminogenic cognitions and emotional responses to affective stimuli among male adult offenders 男性成年罪犯的变态心理、犯罪认知和对情感刺激的情绪反应。

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2351

Steluța Manole, Violeta Enea

Background

Previous research has consistently shown value in studying emotion processing with psychopathy, but the relative effect of aural and visual stimulation has hardly been considered.

Aims

Our aims were to (1) compare reaction time and self-rated valence ((un)pleasantness), arousal and sense of being dominated by affective sounds or visual images among offenders with and without psychopathy (=/>26) on the psychopathy check-list revised; (2) investigate any associations, controlling for social desirability and depression; (3) explore the possible mediating effect of criminogenic cognitions on any relationships between psychopathy and emotional responses to affective stimuli.

Methods

Professional educators invited all male offenders serving semi-open custody sentences in one prison to participate. After a semi structured interview to assess psychopathy, they self-reported on criminogenic cognition, depression and social desirability scales, before a computer task using standardised human and animal sounds and images. Using the self-assessment manikin, participants rated the emotional valence, arousal and dominance levels when pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sounds or images were presented.

Results

About one in three prisoners completed all the ratings—120 men, of mean age 38.8 years (SD = 11.06). All had shorter reaction times to sounds than images. Offenders with high affective-interpersonal factor scores rated all types of sounds as less pleasant. Men with high psychopathy scores took longer to respond to unpleasant images than those with lower scores. There was a positive relationship between psychopathy factors and criminogenic cognitions and the external locus of criminogenic cognitions mediated the relationship between psychopathy facets and emotional responses of valence to pleasant sounds.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm the potential importance of emotional reactions to sounds as well as images among men with psychopathy. Given the shorter reaction times to sounds, in real life sounds could prove more provocative than images. While only small differences emerged between men above and below the PCL-R threshold, indications from facet analyses suggest that further study of sound stimuli could enhance the understanding of emotional response differences to inform interventions. Future research in this area should focus on human-related stimuli and add alexithy

研究背景以往的研究一直表明，研究心理变态的情绪处理很有价值，但听觉和视觉刺激的相对效果却几乎没有被考虑过。目的：我们的目的是：（1）比较心理变态检查表修订版上有心理变态和没有心理变态（=/>26）的罪犯的反应时间和自评情绪（（不）愉快度）、唤醒和被情感声音或视觉图像支配的感觉；（2）在控制社会宜人性和抑郁的情况下，调查任何关联；（3）探索犯罪认知对心理变态和对情感刺激的情绪反应之间任何关系的可能中介效应：方法：专业教育工作者邀请一所监狱的所有半开放式监管服刑的男性罪犯参加。在进行半结构化访谈以评估心理变态后，他们对犯罪认知、抑郁和社会可取性量表进行自我报告，然后使用标准化的人类和动物声音和图像进行计算机任务。使用自我评估人体模型，当呈现出令人愉悦、令人不悦和中性的声音或图像时，参与者对情绪价值、唤醒和支配水平进行评分：结果：大约三分之一的囚犯完成了所有评分--120 名男性，平均年龄 38.8 岁（SD = 11.06）。所有囚犯对声音的反应时间均短于对图像的反应时间。情感-人际因素得分较高的犯人对所有类型的声音的评分都较低。心理变态得分高的男性对不愉快图像的反应时间比得分低的男性长。心理变态因素与犯罪认知之间存在正相关，而犯罪认知的外部位置在心理变态因素与对悦耳声音的情绪反应之间起着中介作用：我们的研究结果证实了精神变态男性对声音和图像的情绪反应的潜在重要性。鉴于声音的反应时间较短，在现实生活中，声音可能比图像更具煽动性。虽然高于和低于 PCL-R 临界值的男性之间只有很小的差异，但是面分析表明，对声音刺激的进一步研究可以加深对情绪反应差异的理解，从而为干预措施提供依据。今后这方面的研究应侧重于与人类相关的刺激，并增加情感障碍测量。

{"title":"Psychopathy, criminogenic cognitions and emotional responses to affective stimuli among male adult offenders","authors":"Steluța Manole, Violeta Enea","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2351","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has consistently shown value in studying emotion processing with psychopathy, but the relative effect of aural and visual stimulation has hardly been considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our aims were to (1) compare reaction time and self-rated valence ((un)pleasantness), arousal and sense of being dominated by affective sounds or visual images among offenders with and without psychopathy (=/>26) on the psychopathy check-list revised; (2) investigate any associations, controlling for social desirability and depression; (3) explore the possible mediating effect of criminogenic cognitions on any relationships between psychopathy and emotional responses to affective stimuli.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Professional educators invited all male offenders serving semi-open custody sentences in one prison to participate. After a semi structured interview to assess psychopathy, they self-reported on criminogenic cognition, depression and social desirability scales, before a computer task using standardised human and animal sounds and images. Using the self-assessment manikin, participants rated the emotional valence, arousal and dominance levels when pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sounds or images were presented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>About one in three prisoners completed all the ratings—120 men, of mean age 38.8 years (SD = 11.06). All had shorter reaction times to sounds than images. Offenders with high affective-interpersonal factor scores rated all types of sounds as less pleasant. Men with high psychopathy scores took longer to respond to unpleasant images than those with lower scores. There was a positive relationship between psychopathy factors and criminogenic cognitions and the external locus of criminogenic cognitions mediated the relationship between psychopathy facets and emotional responses of valence to pleasant sounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm the potential importance of emotional reactions to sounds as well as images among men with psychopathy. Given the shorter reaction times to sounds, in real life sounds could prove more provocative than images. While only small differences emerged between men above and below the PCL-R threshold, indications from facet analyses suggest that further study of sound stimuli could enhance the understanding of emotional response differences to inform interventions. Future research in this area should focus on human-related stimuli and add alexithy","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 5","pages":"446-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probation practice and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 缓刑做法与注意力缺陷多动障碍。

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2348

Jane E. Wood

<div> <section> <h3> Rationale</h3> <p>Twenty-one Community Rehabilitation Companies were set up following the division of the National Probation Services during ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ in England and Wales, under a 2013 Ministry of Justice initiative. Reunification commenced in 2018. A study completed prior to these changes suggested that probation officers had had little training in recognising attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may have been underestimating its prevalence among their clientele. Given the substantial changes in probation staffing and organisation since 2018, a new study seems warranted.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>The aim of the study was to understand experiences of people under a community sentence who reported having ADHD and of probation staff working with them.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Using a qualitative research design, one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with client facing probation staff recruited from one Community Rehabilitation Company. Service users undertaking a community sentence who had been diagnosed with or self-identified as having ADHD were then identified and recruited by these staff; those who consented were also interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analytic approach.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Thirteen probation staff and six male offenders under community sentences, agreed to participate and completed interviews. The overarching themes emerging from the two groups were similar, both reflecting on descriptions of ADHD; treatment of ADHD; experiences of having or working with ADHD in the wider community and in the criminal justice system specifically and visions of future support needs tied to the order. In addition, probation officers specifically raised the matter of payment by results. Both service users and probation staff identified gaps in knowledge, experience and services, but areas of good practice were also identified.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The findings highlight the continuing under-acknowledgement of tailored clinical support for people serving a community sentence who have ADHD together with a lack of support and training about ADHD for probation staff. Return to the national organisation of probation services and recognition of need for a range of relevant skills offers a great opportunity for re-evaluating supervision and management of offenders under community sentences who have ADHD. These findings provide the basis for a template for developing knowledge

理由：根据司法部 2013 年的一项倡议，英格兰和威尔士在 "改造康复 "期间对国家缓刑服务进行了划分，随后成立了 21 家社区康复公司。重新统一于 2018 年开始。在这些变革之前完成的一项研究表明，缓刑监督官几乎没有接受过识别注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的培训，他们可能低估了这一疾病在客户中的流行程度。鉴于自 2018 年以来缓刑人员配备和组织结构发生了重大变化，似乎有必要开展一项新的研究。研究目的：本研究旨在了解据报患有多动症的社区服刑人员以及与他们合作的缓刑工作人员的经历：采用定性研究设计，对一家社区康复公司的缓刑工作人员进行了一对一的半结构化访谈。然后由这些工作人员确定和招募被诊断为或自我认定为患有多动症的正在接受社区服刑的服务对象，并对同意接受访谈的服务对象进行访谈。访谈记录采用主题分析法进行分析：13 名缓刑监督人员和 6 名被判处社区服刑的男性罪犯同意参与并完成了访谈。两组访谈中出现的首要主题相似，都反映了对多动症的描述；多动症的治疗；在更广泛的社区和刑事司法系统中患有多动症或与多动症打交道的经历，以及对与该命令相关的未来支持需求的看法。此外，缓刑监督官特别提出了按结果付费的问题。服务使用者和缓刑监督人员都指出了在知识、经验和服务方面的不足，但也发现了一些良好做法：研究结果突出表明，对患有多动症的社区服刑人员提供有针对性的临床支持的认识仍然不足，缓刑工作人员也缺乏有关多动症的支持和培训。恢复缓刑服务的全国性组织以及认识到对一系列相关技能的需求，为重新评估对患有多动症的社区服刑罪犯的监督和管理提供了一个很好的机会。这些发现为缓刑工作人员提供知识和支持的模板奠定了基础，使他们能够识别多动症或其可能性，并有能力通过适当的知情个性化监管计划和获得专家服务建议和支持来贯彻执行。

{"title":"Probation practice and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Jane E. Wood","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2348","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2348","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one Community Rehabilitation Companies were set up following the division of the National Probation Services during ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ in England and Wales, under a 2013 Ministry of Justice initiative. Reunification commenced in 2018. A study completed prior to these changes suggested that probation officers had had little training in recognising attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may have been underestimating its prevalence among their clientele. Given the substantial changes in probation staffing and organisation since 2018, a new study seems warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the study was to understand experiences of people under a community sentence who reported having ADHD and of probation staff working with them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a qualitative research design, one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with client facing probation staff recruited from one Community Rehabilitation Company. Service users undertaking a community sentence who had been diagnosed with or self-identified as having ADHD were then identified and recruited by these staff; those who consented were also interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analytic approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen probation staff and six male offenders under community sentences, agreed to participate and completed interviews. The overarching themes emerging from the two groups were similar, both reflecting on descriptions of ADHD; treatment of ADHD; experiences of having or working with ADHD in the wider community and in the criminal justice system specifically and visions of future support needs tied to the order. In addition, probation officers specifically raised the matter of payment by results. Both service users and probation staff identified gaps in knowledge, experience and services, but areas of good practice were also identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings highlight the continuing under-acknowledgement of tailored clinical support for people serving a community sentence who have ADHD together with a lack of support and training about ADHD for probation staff. Return to the national organisation of probation services and recognition of need for a range of relevant skills offers a great opportunity for re-evaluating supervision and management of offenders under community sentences who have ADHD. These findings provide the basis for a template for developing knowledge ","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 4","pages":"373-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Readmission after discharge from a medium secure service between 1999 and 2017: A retrospective cohort study 1999 年至 2017 年间从中度戒备服务机构出院后的再入院情况：回顾性队列研究

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2346

Charlotte Hill, Ruth Bagshaw, Andrew Watt

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Previous research into outcomes after treatment in medium secure psychiatric hospitals has mostly relied on pre-millennium data.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To examine patient and inpatient service-related factors associated with readmission within 2 years following discharge to the community or open conditions from conditions of medium security.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A retrospective cohort study of 137 patients discharged either to the community or to open conditions from one 64-bed South Wales Regional Medium Secure Hospital Unit between July 1999 and November 2017 was completed using data from healthcare records to document demographics, diagnosis and nature of index offences together with researcher-completed ratings of inpatient progress using the Dangerousness Understanding Recovery and Urgency Manual (DUNDRUM) Programme Completion and DUNDRUM Recovery scales. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent associations between inpatient progress according to these measures and readmission.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Forty-three patients (31%) were readmitted within 2 years of discharge and 23 (17%) in breach of legal conditions on discharge. Most readmitted patients (<i>n</i> = 29, 67%) returned directly to medium secure care. There were significant binary level associations between readmission and severity of the index offences (lower), number of adverse childhood experiences (higher), history of drug misuse (more likely) and number of previous psychiatric admissions (higher). Binary logistic regression confirmed that these relationships were not independent. No inpatient service-related variables, according to DUNDRUM scale scores, showed an independent association with readmission within 2 years post-discharge.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The proportion of medium security hospital patients who were readmitted within 2 years of discharge aligns with estimates found in earlier national research using the same follow-up period. Since levels of inpatient progress bore little if any relationship to longer term outcomes, our findings highlight the need for investigating factors in the discharge environment that are linked to readmission. It is possible that readmission may indicate effective monitoring and responsive care to the changing needs of patients, but a better understanding of this is essential.<

背景：以前对中度戒备精神病院治疗后结果的研究大多依赖于千年前的数据。目的：研究与中度戒备条件下出院后两年内重新入院相关的患者和住院服务相关因素：对1999年7月至2017年11月期间从拥有64张床位的南威尔士地区中度戒备医院病房出院到社区或开放条件下的137名患者进行了回顾性队列研究，利用医疗记录中的数据记录了人口统计学、诊断和指数犯罪的性质，以及研究人员使用危险性理解恢复和紧急手册（DUNDRUM）计划完成和DUNDRUM恢复量表完成的住院进展评分。我们使用二元逻辑回归分析来确定根据这些测量方法得出的住院进展与再入院之间的独立关联：43名患者（31%）在出院后两年内再次入院，23名患者（17%）违反了出院时的法定条件。大多数再次入院的患者（n = 29，67%）都直接回到了中度安全护理机构。重新入院与指数罪行的严重程度（较低）、童年不良经历的数量（较高）、药物滥用史（更有可能）和之前入住精神病院的次数（较高）之间存在明显的二元关联。二元逻辑回归证实这些关系并非独立存在。根据DUNDRUM量表评分，与住院服务相关的变量均与出院后两年内再次入院无关：中度戒备医院患者在出院后两年内再次入院的比例与早前使用相同随访期进行的全国性研究得出的估计结果一致。由于住院病人的病情进展水平与长期治疗结果几乎没有任何关系，我们的研究结果突出表明，有必要调查出院环境中与再入院有关的因素。再次入院可能表明对病人不断变化的需求进行了有效的监控和响应，但更好地了解这一点至关重要。

{"title":"Readmission after discharge from a medium secure service between 1999 and 2017: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Charlotte Hill, Ruth Bagshaw, Andrew Watt","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2346","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2346","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research into outcomes after treatment in medium secure psychiatric hospitals has mostly relied on pre-millennium data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine patient and inpatient service-related factors associated with readmission within 2 years following discharge to the community or open conditions from conditions of medium security.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study of 137 patients discharged either to the community or to open conditions from one 64-bed South Wales Regional Medium Secure Hospital Unit between July 1999 and November 2017 was completed using data from healthcare records to document demographics, diagnosis and nature of index offences together with researcher-completed ratings of inpatient progress using the Dangerousness Understanding Recovery and Urgency Manual (DUNDRUM) Programme Completion and DUNDRUM Recovery scales. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent associations between inpatient progress according to these measures and readmission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-three patients (31%) were readmitted within 2 years of discharge and 23 (17%) in breach of legal conditions on discharge. Most readmitted patients (<i>n</i> = 29, 67%) returned directly to medium secure care. There were significant binary level associations between readmission and severity of the index offences (lower), number of adverse childhood experiences (higher), history of drug misuse (more likely) and number of previous psychiatric admissions (higher). Binary logistic regression confirmed that these relationships were not independent. No inpatient service-related variables, according to DUNDRUM scale scores, showed an independent association with readmission within 2 years post-discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of medium security hospital patients who were readmitted within 2 years of discharge aligns with estimates found in earlier national research using the same follow-up period. Since levels of inpatient progress bore little if any relationship to longer term outcomes, our findings highlight the need for investigating factors in the discharge environment that are linked to readmission. It is possible that readmission may indicate effective monitoring and responsive care to the changing needs of patients, but a better understanding of this is essential.<","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 4","pages":"360-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The importance of excluding selected samples when estimating prevalence of mental disorders in the general prison population—A response to Baggio and Efthimiou (2024) 在估算普通监狱人口中精神障碍患病率时排除特定样本的重要性--回应 Baggio 和 Efthimiou (2024)。

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2349

Seena Fazel, Louis Favril

引用次数: 0

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in prison: A comment on Fazel and Favril (2024) and reanalysis of the data 监狱中注意力缺陷多动障碍患病率的元分析：对 Fazel 和 Favril（2024 年）的评论以及对数据的重新分析。

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2347

Stéphanie Baggio, Orestis Efthimiou

Background

Fazel and Favril presented a reanalysis of our previously published systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison.

Aims

The current paper addresses some of the criticisms of Fazel and Favril on our meta-analysis and presents a reanalysis of the data, focusing on adult detained persons.

Methods

We conducted a meta—regression on 28 studies (n = 7710) to estimae the pooled prevalence of ADHD.

Results

This reanalysis yielded a pooled estimate of 22.2% for the prevalence of ADHD (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7; 28.6), which disagrees with the estimate given by Fazel and Favril (8.3%, 95% CI: 3.8; 12.8).

Conclusion

We argue that the ADHD prevalence provided by Fazel and Favril was an underestimate due to their use of too restrictive exclusion criteria and suboptimal analysis methods. Our reanalysis on detained adults suggests a higher ADHD prevalence, which highlights the need to diagnose and treat ADHD in prison.

背景：法泽尔和法夫里尔对我们之前发表的关于监狱中注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患病率的系统综述和荟萃分析进行了重新分析。目的：本文回应了法泽尔和法夫里尔对我们的荟萃分析提出的一些批评，并对数据进行了重新分析，重点关注成年被拘留者：我们对 28 项研究（n = 7710）进行了元回归，以估计多动症的总体患病率：结果：重新分析得出的ADHD患病率总体估计值为22.2%（95%置信区间[CI]：15.7；28.6），这与Fazel和Favril给出的估计值（8.3%，95% CI：3.8；12.8）不同：我们认为，Fazel 和 Favril 提供的多动症患病率被低估了，这是因为他们使用了过于严格的排除标准和不理想的分析方法。我们对被拘留的成年人进行的重新分析表明，多动症的患病率更高，这凸显了在监狱中诊断和治疗多动症的必要性。

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in prison: A comment on Fazel and Favril (2024) and reanalysis of the data","authors":"Stéphanie Baggio, Orestis Efthimiou","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2347","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2347","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fazel and Favril presented a reanalysis of our previously published systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current paper addresses some of the criticisms of Fazel and Favril on our meta-analysis and presents a reanalysis of the data, focusing on adult detained persons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a meta—regression on 28 studies (<i>n</i> = 7710) to estimae the pooled prevalence of ADHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This reanalysis yielded a pooled estimate of 22.2% for the prevalence of ADHD (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7; 28.6), which disagrees with the estimate given by Fazel and Favril (8.3%, 95% CI: 3.8; 12.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We argue that the ADHD prevalence provided by Fazel and Favril was an underestimate due to their use of too restrictive exclusion criteria and suboptimal analysis methods. Our reanalysis on detained adults suggests a higher ADHD prevalence, which highlights the need to diagnose and treat ADHD in prison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 4","pages":"385-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparison of patient ratings and staff ratings of disability using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders who are forensic psychiatric inpatients 使用世界卫生组织残疾评估表对法医精神病住院患者中的精神病谱系障碍患者的残疾评级和工作人员的残疾评级进行比较。

IF 1.1 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2344

Malin V. Källman, Mathilde Hedlund-Lindberg, Marianne Kristiansson, Anette G. M. Johansson

Background

Psychosocial rehabilitation in forensic psychiatric services requires sound measurement of patient and staff perceptions of psychosocial function. The recommended World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), designed for this, has not been examined with offender patients.

Aims

To examine patient and staff WHODAS ratings of secure hospital inpatients with psychosis, any differences between them and explore associations with other clinical factors.

Methods

Seventy-three patients self-rated on the WHODAS after 3 months as inpatients. An occupational therapist interviewed the patient's primary nurse and care team at about the same time (staff ratings). Scores were calculated according to the WHODAS manual. WHODAS scores and interview-rated symptom severity, cognitive measures, daily antipsychotic dose and duration of care were compared.

Results

Patient ratings indicated less disability than staff ratings for total score and for the domains of understanding and communicating, getting along and life activities. Self-care and participation ratings were similar. Patients were more likely to rate themselves as disabled in getting around (mobility). Only one-fifth of patient- and staff- ratings (16, 22%) were similar, while for nearly a third of the patients (23, 32%) self-ratings were higher than staff ratings. More severe positive symptoms were associated with higher self-rated WHODAS disability after accounting for treatment duration, negative symptoms, cognitive score and antipsychotic dose. No variable accounted for the staff/patient differences in ratings.

Conclusion

Our mean WHODAS score findings echoed those in other patient samples—of patient underestimation of disability, linked to severity of symptoms. In this study using the WHODAS for the first time in a forensic mental health secure inpatient service, however, we found that, by comparing individuals, half of the patients reported equivalent or greater disability than did staff. Future research should focus on elucidating from patients what contributes to their self-ratings. Understanding their thought processes in rating may enhance rehabilitation planning.

背景：法医精神病学服务中的社会心理康复需要对病人和工作人员对社会心理功能的看法进行合理的测量。目的：研究精神病安全医院住院病人的病人和工作人员对世界卫生组织残疾评估表 2.0（WHODAS）的评分，研究他们之间的差异，并探讨与其他临床因素的关联：73名患者在住院3个月后对WHODAS进行了自我评分。职业治疗师大约同时对患者的主治护士和护理团队进行了访谈（员工评分）。分数根据 WHODAS 手册计算。将WHODAS评分与访谈评定的症状严重程度、认知能力、每日抗精神病药物剂量和护理时间进行比较：结果：在总分以及理解与沟通、相处和生活活动等方面，患者评分显示的残疾程度低于工作人员评分。自理能力和参与能力的评分相似。患者更有可能将自己评为行动不便。只有五分之一的患者（16%，22%）和工作人员的评分相似，而近三分之一的患者（23%，32%）的自我评分高于工作人员的评分。在考虑了治疗时间、阴性症状、认知评分和抗精神病药物剂量后，阳性症状越严重，自评的 WHODAS 残疾程度越高。没有任何变量可以解释工作人员与患者之间的评分差异：我们的 WHODAS 平均评分结果与其他患者样本的结果一致--患者低估了与症状严重程度相关的残疾程度。然而，在这项首次在法医精神健康安全住院服务中使用 WHODAS 的研究中，我们发现，通过对个体进行比较，半数患者报告的残疾程度与工作人员报告的残疾程度相当或更高。未来的研究应侧重于向患者阐明是什么导致了他们的自我评分。了解他们在评级时的思维过程可能会有助于制定康复计划。

{"title":"A comparison of patient ratings and staff ratings of disability using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders who are forensic psychiatric inpatients","authors":"Malin V. Källman, Mathilde Hedlund-Lindberg, Marianne Kristiansson, Anette G. M. Johansson","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2344","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychosocial rehabilitation in forensic psychiatric services requires sound measurement of patient and staff perceptions of psychosocial function. The recommended World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), designed for this, has not been examined with offender patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine patient and staff WHODAS ratings of secure hospital inpatients with psychosis, any differences between them and explore associations with other clinical factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-three patients self-rated on the WHODAS after 3 months as inpatients. An occupational therapist interviewed the patient's primary nurse and care team at about the same time (staff ratings). Scores were calculated according to the WHODAS manual. WHODAS scores and interview-rated symptom severity, cognitive measures, daily antipsychotic dose and duration of care were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patient ratings indicated less disability than staff ratings for total score and for the domains of understanding and communicating, getting along and life activities. Self-care and participation ratings were similar. Patients were more likely to rate themselves as disabled in getting around (mobility). Only one-fifth of patient- and staff- ratings (16, 22%) were similar, while for nearly a third of the patients (23, 32%) self-ratings were higher than staff ratings. More severe positive symptoms were associated with higher self-rated WHODAS disability after accounting for treatment duration, negative symptoms, cognitive score and antipsychotic dose. No variable accounted for the staff/patient differences in ratings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our mean WHODAS score findings echoed those in other patient samples—of patient underestimation of disability, linked to severity of symptoms. In this study using the WHODAS for the first time in a forensic mental health secure inpatient service, however, we found that, by comparing individuals, half of the patients reported equivalent or greater disability than did staff. Future research should focus on elucidating from patients what contributes to their self-ratings. Understanding their thought processes in rating may enhance rehabilitation planning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 4","pages":"347-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review 在刑事法律环境中筛查和识别胎儿酒精谱系障碍：现实主义审查

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2336

Emma Jewell, Bianka Dunleavy, Martina Faitakis, Jessica W. Pun, Sarah Moss, Jacqueline Pei, Mansfield Mela, Katherine Flannigan, Melissa Tremblay, Kaitlyn McLachlan

Background

Screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been identified as a promising approach to improve recognition, understanding and effective response to the unique needs of those with FASD in criminal legal settings. However, to date, there has been limited synthesis of relevant screening tools, indicators, or implementation considerations in this context.

Aims

The present review aimed to synthesise evidence and develop a conceptual framework for understanding how, when, why, for whom and by whom FASD screening tools, items and/or indicators and characteristics serve to accurately identify people with FASD in criminal legal contexts, with consideration of individual and system needs relevant to effective implementation and response.

Methods

A preregistered search was conducted using a modified realist review framework for both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. Included sources were available in English, which focused on individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and/or FASD with criminal legal involvement and offered new empirical evidence. Sources were reviewed using the Quality Control Tool for Screening Titles and Abstracts by Second Reviewer framework, extracted using a structured coding form and narratively synthesised.

Results

The search yielded 52 sources, 11 FASD screening tools designed for or applied in criminal legal settings and 38 potential FASD indicators or characteristics relevant to identifying people who may have FASD in criminal legal settings, organised into six conceptually related domains. There was limited evidence supporting the psychometric properties of screening tools across populations or settings, though growing evidence highlights the promise of some instruments. Although few studies characterised potential considerations to be made when implementing a screening tool or approach, both system and individual level needs related to recognising and effectively responding to FASD in criminal legal contexts were identified, and findings revealed strong support among legal and clinical professionals regarding the need for FASD screening in these settings.

Conclusions

Findings of this review can be used to inform the development, selection, implementation and evaluation of FASD screening tools in criminal legal settings

背景对胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）进行筛查已被认为是一种很有前途的方法，可以提高对刑事法律环境中 FASD 患者独特需求的识别、理解和有效应对。然而，迄今为止，对相关筛查工具、指标或在此背景下的实施考虑因素的综述十分有限。目的本综述旨在综合证据并制定一个概念框架，以了解FASD筛查工具、项目和/或指标及特征如何、何时、为何、针对谁以及由谁在刑事法律环境中准确识别FASD患者，同时考虑与有效实施和应对相关的个人和系统需求。方法采用修改后的现实主义审查框架，对同行评议文章和灰色文献进行了预先登记的搜索。所纳入的资料均为英文，重点关注产前酒精暴露和/或涉及刑事法律问题的 FASD 患者，并提供新的经验证据。第二审稿人使用筛选标题和摘要的质量控制工具框架对资料来源进行审查，使用结构化编码表进行提取，并进行叙述性综合。结果搜索结果包括52个资料来源、11个为刑事法律环境设计或应用的FASD筛查工具，以及38个潜在的FASD指标或特征，这些指标或特征与在刑事法律环境中识别可能患有FASD的人有关，并分为六个概念相关的领域。尽管有越来越多的证据表明一些筛查工具大有可为，但支持不同人群或不同环境下筛查工具心理测量特性的证据有限。尽管很少有研究描述了在实施筛查工具或方法时可能需要考虑的因素，但还是确定了在刑事法律环境中与识别和有效应对 FASD 相关的系统和个人层面的需求，研究结果显示，法律和临床专业人员强烈支持在这些环境中进行 FASD 筛查。结论本综述的结果可用于为刑事法律环境中FASD筛查工具的开发、选择、实施和评估提供信息，并强调需要继续加强资源、政策和跨部门响应，以更好地支持刑事法律环境中FASD患者的需求。

{"title":"Screening and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in criminal legal settings: A realist review","authors":"Emma Jewell, Bianka Dunleavy, Martina Faitakis, Jessica W. Pun, Sarah Moss, Jacqueline Pei, Mansfield Mela, Katherine Flannigan, Melissa Tremblay, Kaitlyn McLachlan","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2336","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Screening for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been identified as a promising approach to improve recognition, understanding and effective response to the unique needs of those with FASD in criminal legal settings. However, to date, there has been limited synthesis of relevant screening tools, indicators, or implementation considerations in this context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present review aimed to synthesise evidence and develop a conceptual framework for understanding how, when, why, for whom and by whom FASD screening tools, items and/or indicators and characteristics serve to accurately identify people with FASD in criminal legal contexts, with consideration of individual and system needs relevant to effective implementation and response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A preregistered search was conducted using a modified realist review framework for both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. Included sources were available in English, which focused on individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and/or FASD with criminal legal involvement and offered new empirical evidence. Sources were reviewed using the Quality Control Tool for Screening Titles and Abstracts by Second Reviewer framework, extracted using a structured coding form and narratively synthesised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search yielded 52 sources, 11 FASD screening tools designed for or applied in criminal legal settings and 38 potential FASD indicators or characteristics relevant to identifying people who may have FASD in criminal legal settings, organised into six conceptually related domains. There was limited evidence supporting the psychometric properties of screening tools across populations or settings, though growing evidence highlights the promise of some instruments. Although few studies characterised potential considerations to be made when implementing a screening tool or approach, both system and individual level needs related to recognising and effectively responding to FASD in criminal legal contexts were identified, and findings revealed strong support among legal and clinical professionals regarding the need for FASD screening in these settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings of this review can be used to inform the development, selection, implementation and evaluation of FASD screening tools in criminal legal settings ","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 2","pages":"208-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CBMH special issue editorial: Neurodivergent conditions and criminal behaviour CBMH 特刊社论：神经差异条件与犯罪行为

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2335

Ken Courtenay

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult prisoners: An updated meta-analysis 成年囚犯中注意力缺陷多动障碍的患病率：最新荟萃分析

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2337

Seena Fazel, Louis Favril

Background

Previous meta-analyses may have overestimated the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prisoners by including data from selected samples.

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of ADHD in unselected samples of adults in prison and examine potential sources of heterogeneity by meta-regression and subgroup analyses.

Methods

We assessed all studies included in a 2018 systematic review for eligibility and updated the literature search to include studies published up to September 2023.

Results

A total of 11 studies reporting robust diagnostic data on ADHD in 3919 unselected adults in prison were included. In meta-regression, ADHD prevalence did not differ between men and women but it was significantly higher in studies using a two-phase design. In random sampling studies, the pooled prevalence of ADHD was 8.3% (95% CI: 3.8–12.8) which was further halved after the removal of an outlier.

Conclusion

One in 12 adults in prison have been diagnosed with ADHD. Our findings highlight the importance of using clear and consistent inclusion criteria in meta-analyses of prevalence.

背景以往的荟萃分析可能会因为纳入了选定样本的数据而高估了囚犯中注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率.目的通过荟萃回归和亚组分析，估算未选定样本的成年囚犯中ADHD的患病率，并研究潜在的异质性来源。方法我们评估了2018年系统综述中纳入的所有研究的资格，并更新了文献检索，纳入了截至2023年9月发表的研究。结果共纳入了11项研究，这些研究报告了3919名未入选的成年囚犯中ADHD的可靠诊断数据。在元回归中，ADHD的患病率在男女之间没有差异，但在采用两阶段设计的研究中，患病率明显较高。在随机取样的研究中，ADHD的总患病率为8.3%（95% CI：3.8-12.8），在去除一个离群值后，患病率进一步降低了一半。我们的研究结果凸显了在对患病率进行荟萃分析时使用明确一致的纳入标准的重要性。

{"title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult prisoners: An updated meta-analysis","authors":"Seena Fazel, Louis Favril","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2337","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous meta-analyses may have overestimated the prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prisoners by including data from selected samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the prevalence of ADHD in unselected samples of adults in prison and examine potential sources of heterogeneity by meta-regression and subgroup analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed all studies included in a 2018 systematic review for eligibility and updated the literature search to include studies published up to September 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 11 studies reporting robust diagnostic data on ADHD in 3919 unselected adults in prison were included. In meta-regression, ADHD prevalence did not differ between men and women but it was significantly higher in studies using a two-phase design. In random sampling studies, the pooled prevalence of ADHD was 8.3% (95% CI: 3.8–12.8) which was further halved after the removal of an outlier.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One in 12 adults in prison have been diagnosed with ADHD. Our findings highlight the importance of using clear and consistent inclusion criteria in meta-analyses of prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 3","pages":"339-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀

微信

客服QQ

扫码关注我们

反馈

Book学术文献互助群
群号：604180095

文献互助智能选刊最新文献互助须知联系我们：info@booksci.cn

Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。