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Well-being in institutionalised adolescents 福利院青少年的福祉。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2327
Manuella C. da Silva, Maria O. Teixeira, Márcia Laranjeira

Background

For adolescents who have criminal convictions, achieving a positive progress including desistance from offending may depend on a sense of well-being. Factors associated with growth in well-being are not widely researched, but there is some work that suggests that qualities in other internal states as well as in the environment may foster well-being.

Aims

To examine the well-being of young male incarcerated offenders, and its relationship with frequency of contacts with the family, perceptions of socio-educational environment, feelings about the future and self-efficacy.

Methods

Participants were recruited from three secure education institutions in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, under the management of the Secretariat of Justice. They were invited to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires, which included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Perception of the Socio-Educational Environment Scale, the Feelings about the Future Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy, and to provide limited sociodemographic data.

Results

195 young male offenders participated and their mean age was 16.8 years (SD = 1.58, range 14–20). There was a positive correlation between well-being and perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future and self-efficacy self-ratings. Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that the frequency of family contacts, positive perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future, and self-efficacy in leisure and social activities independently contributed to the well-being of young offenders.

Conclusion

Although well-being has been associated with desistance from committing crimes, the factors that may predispose to well-being have been researched less and never before examined among inmates in Brazil. While longitudinal work is needed to be certain of the direction of the relationship, the fact that the results are broadly consistent with a similar study carried out on the other side of the world is encouraging in terms of indicating ways forward in rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop interventions that support family relationships and promote personal relationships and personal development, not only of useful skills but also of personal confidence in those skills.

背景：对于被判刑的青少年来说，能否取得积极的进步，包括不再犯罪，可能取决于他们的幸福感。目的：研究被监禁的年轻男性罪犯的幸福感及其与家庭联系频率、社会教育环境感知、未来感和自我效能感之间的关系：参与者来自巴西巴西利亚联邦区的三个安全教育机构，由司法秘书处管理。他们被邀请填写匿名自我报告问卷，其中包括心理健康量表、社会教育环境感知量表、未来感量表和感知自我效能多维量表，并提供有限的社会人口学数据：195 名年轻男性罪犯参加了调查，他们的平均年龄为 16.8 岁（SD = 1.58，范围为 14-20 岁）。幸福感与对社会教育环境的看法、对未来的积极感受和自我效能感的自我评分之间存在正相关。多元线性回归分析证实，与家人接触的频率、对社会教育环境的积极看法、对未来的积极感受以及在休闲和社交活动中的自我效能感对青少年罪犯的幸福感有独立的促进作用：尽管幸福感与不再犯罪有关，但对可能导致幸福感的因素研究较少，而且从未在巴西囚犯中进行过研究。虽然需要进行纵向研究才能确定这种关系的方向，但研究结果与在世界另一端进行的类似研究大体一致，这一事实令人鼓舞，为今后的改造工作指明了方向。有必要制定干预措施，支持家庭关系，促进人际关系和个人发展，不仅要培养有用的技能，还要培养个人对这些技能的信心。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic scoping review exploring how people with lived experience have been involved in prison and forensic mental health research 系统性的范围界定审查，探索有生活经历的人如何参与监狱和法医精神健康研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2324
Rosie Rutherford, Nicola Bowes, Rosie Cornwell, Daniel Heggs, Susannah Pashley

Background

Introduction of guidance by the National Institute for Health Research has led to an increase in participation by people with ‘lived experience’ of mental health problems. However, some researchers have questioned the extent to which involvement has been meaningful, expressing concerns that involvement is impeded by the structure and culture of academia. A prior review of literature to 2016 provided little evidence of active engagement.

Aims

To find out from published literature how patient and public involvement in designing and or conducting research has been used in forensic mental health settings, prisons or probation since the last review period.

Methods

A systematic scoping review of research published in academic journals between 2016 and February 2023 was completed using terms for research activity, involvement of people with experience of receiving services and health or justice systems to search three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. We used the Guidance for Reporting Patient and Public Involvement in Research Tool to support data extraction and to summarise our own service user involvement in this study.

Results

From 675 unique titles retrieved, 17 were eligible for inclusion, covering 16 unique studies. Most of the included research was by/with people who had prison experience. Only two studies had been conducted by/with people who had experience of secure hospital wards/forensic mental health services. Details of how people with lived experience had contributed to the research were scarce, but in 8 studies they had been involved throughout and included in the authorship group.

Conclusion

Whilst this review identifies pockets of good practice, meaningful engagement in forensic mental health research seems to remain rare, at least as reported in papers published in academic journals. Further research is required into whether this reflects real limits on inclusion, as we suspect, or such full integration that such reporting is not regarded as necessary or desirable, which we doubt. We urge journal editors to routinely ask authors to include information about how people with lived experience have been involved in any published research and the nature and extent of the influence they had. This may help to develop the evidence base and guard against tokenistic involvement.

背景：美国国家健康研究所（National Institute for Health Research）出台的指导意见使更多有心理健康问题 "亲身经历 "的人参与到研究中来。然而，一些研究人员对参与的意义提出了质疑，他们担心学术界的结构和文化阻碍了他们的参与。目的：从已发表的文献中了解自上次回顾期以来，法医精神健康机构、监狱或缓刑机构是如何利用患者和公众参与设计和开展研究的：对 2016 年至 2023 年 2 月间发表在学术期刊上的研究进行了系统性的范围审查，使用研究活动、有接受服务经验者的参与以及健康或司法系统等术语搜索了三个数据库：MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 PsycINFO。我们使用了 "患者和公众参与研究工具报告指南 "来支持数据提取，并总结了我们自己的服务使用者在本研究中的参与情况：在检索到的 675 个标题中，有 17 个符合纳入条件，涉及 16 项研究。大部分被纳入的研究都是由/与有过监狱经历的人共同完成的。只有两项研究是由有过安全医院病房/法医精神健康服务经历的人进行的。关于有生活经历的人如何为研究做出贡献的细节很少，但在 8 项研究中，他们自始至终都参与其中，并被纳入作者小组：尽管本综述发现了一些良好的实践，但有意义地参与法医精神健康研究似乎仍然很少见，至少在学术期刊上发表的论文中是这样报道的。我们需要进一步研究，这究竟是反映了我们所猜测的对参与的真正限制，还是反映了这种充分的整合被认为是不必要或不可取的，我们对此表示怀疑。我们敦促期刊编辑定期要求作者提供信息，说明有生活经验的人是如何参与任何已发表的研究的，以及他们所受影响的性质和程度。这可能有助于发展证据基础并防止象征性的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Self-stigma of incarceration and its impact on health and community integration 被监禁的自我耻辱感及其对健康和社区融合的影响。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2326
Chelsea E. Brehmer, Sang Qin, Brigette C. Young, David R. Strauser

Background

Individuals returning to the wider community from incarceration face many re-entry barriers, including stigmatising beliefs regarding past criminal record, that have impact on health and re-entry. Understanding the development and impact of self-stigma on health can inform re-entry and rehabilitation services.

Aims

The two aims of this study were first, to evaluate a previously established model of self-stigma applied to individuals who have experienced incarceration and, secondly, to study the impact of self-stigma on physical and mental health as well as community integration on re-entry.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 129 formerly incarcerated adults recruited using an online platform and asked to complete online rating scales about self-stigmatisation, health and sense of community integration. Repeated-measures analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and path analyses were used to evaluate the model.

Results

There was support for the four distinct stages of self-stigmatisation apparent in mental health research. There was a relationship between self-stigma harm and sense of community integration, mediated by mental but not physical health status scores.

Conclusion

Our findings add to work on self-stigmatisation in the field of mental health by showing that the concept appears relevant and appears in similar staging among formerly incarcerated individuals and that self-stigmatisation is likely to be important for their community reintegration. Our sample was not typical of the wider prison population for race and gender distribution, in particular having fewer than expected those minority groups likely to be especially vulnerable to stigmatisation by others. Our findings nevertheless suggest that further, preferably, longitudinal research on self-stigma to enable better understanding of pathways could substantially help treatment and rehabilitation of individuals after release from a correctional facility.

背景：刑满释放后重返社会的人面临着许多重返社会的障碍，包括对过去犯罪记录的污名化观念，这对他们的健康和重返社会都有影响。了解自我污名的形成及其对健康的影响，可以为重返社会和康复服务提供参考。目的：本研究有两个目的，一是评估以前建立的适用于曾经历监禁的个人的自我污名模型，二是研究自我污名对身心健康以及重返社会后融入社区的影响：这是一项横断面研究，通过在线平台招募了 129 名曾被监禁的成年人，要求他们完成有关自我污名化、健康和社区融入感的在线评分量表。研究采用了重复测量方差分析、相关分析和路径分析来评估模型：结果：心理健康研究中明显存在的自我鄙视的四个不同阶段得到了支持。自我鄙视伤害与社区融入感之间存在一定的关系，这种关系由心理健康状况分数而非身体健康状况分数中介：我们的研究结果为心理健康领域的自我污名化研究增添了新的内容，表明了这一概念在曾被监禁者中的相关性和相似性，以及自我污名化对他们重新融入社区的重要性。就种族和性别分布而言，我们的样本在更广泛的监狱人口中并不典型，特别是那些可能特别容易受到他人鄙视的少数群体的人数比预期的要少。尽管如此，我们的研究结果表明，进一步开展有关自我污名化的纵向研究，以便更好地了解自我污名化的途径，这将大大有助于个人从惩教机构释放后的治疗和康复。
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引用次数: 0
When the ward is the patient: Using the PRISM protocol to understand and reduce violence in an inpatient intellectual disability setting 当病房就是病人使用 PRISM 协议了解并减少智障住院患者中的暴力行为
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2318
Jana de Villiers, Lorraine Johnstone

Background

Violence in inpatient settings is recognised as a worldwide issue, with inpatient intellectual disability services having higher rates than other mental health settings. Violence results in injury and illness, lack of confidence in the organisation and staff burnout. These combined effects have a negative impact on the ability of services to provide therapeutic environments. Attempts to manage violence tend to focus on the individual. This is only one part of the solution. Situational risk factors for violence within secure settings can be identified and modified to reduce violence rates. The role of situational risk factors in rates of institutional violence requires consideration in addition to individual patient risk assessment and management.

Aims

To discuss an illustrative case study of a ward experiencing high levels of violence, resulting in staff burnout and low morale. To describe how assessing and addressing the relevant situational risk factors led to demonstrable reductions in violence and improvements in the service provided.

Methods

This case study demonstrates the practical application of assessing and managing situational risk factors for violence in a locked intellectual disability ward in order to effectively reduce levels of violent incidents. A description of the violence and critical issues faced by the ward is provided, noting key elements of the timeline of events and the application of the Promoting Risk Intervention by Situational Management (PRISM) process to address these.

Results

The PRISM protocol enabled a comprehensive assessment and understanding of situational factors relevant to the violence rates in the ward. The recommendations following the analysis enabled the management team to identify areas for immediate and long-term action. Practical steps to address issues such as improving soundproofing were implemented quickly whilst other issues required changes over the longer term. Significantly, reduced levels of violence were observed within a 2-month period of immediate steps being taken, with further gains achieved over the longer term.

Conclusion

This paper provides the only example of the use of the PRISM protocol in an intellectual disability inpatient setting. The reduction in violence seen in this unit provides ‘real world’ evidence that addressing situational factors for institutional violence can be effective in intellec

住院环境中的暴力被认为是一个全球性问题，住院智力残疾服务机构的暴力发生率高于其他精神卫生机构。暴力导致受伤和疾病，对组织缺乏信心，员工倦怠。这些综合影响对服务机构提供治疗环境的能力产生了负面影响。试图控制暴力倾向于关注个人。这只是解决方案的一部分。可以确定和修改安全环境中暴力的情景风险因素，以减少暴力发生率。除了个体患者风险评估和管理外，还需要考虑情境风险因素在机构暴力发生率中的作用。
{"title":"When the ward is the patient: Using the PRISM protocol to understand and reduce violence in an inpatient intellectual disability setting","authors":"Jana de Villiers,&nbsp;Lorraine Johnstone","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2318","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2318","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Violence in inpatient settings is recognised as a worldwide issue, with inpatient intellectual disability services having higher rates than other mental health settings. Violence results in injury and illness, lack of confidence in the organisation and staff burnout. These combined effects have a negative impact on the ability of services to provide therapeutic environments. Attempts to manage violence tend to focus on the individual. This is only one part of the solution. Situational risk factors for violence within secure settings can be identified and modified to reduce violence rates. The role of situational risk factors in rates of institutional violence requires consideration in addition to individual patient risk assessment and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To discuss an illustrative case study of a ward experiencing high levels of violence, resulting in staff burnout and low morale. To describe how assessing and addressing the relevant situational risk factors led to demonstrable reductions in violence and improvements in the service provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case study demonstrates the practical application of assessing and managing situational risk factors for violence in a locked intellectual disability ward in order to effectively reduce levels of violent incidents. A description of the violence and critical issues faced by the ward is provided, noting key elements of the timeline of events and the application of the Promoting Risk Intervention by Situational Management (PRISM) process to address these.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PRISM protocol enabled a comprehensive assessment and understanding of situational factors relevant to the violence rates in the ward. The recommendations following the analysis enabled the management team to identify areas for immediate and long-term action. Practical steps to address issues such as improving soundproofing were implemented quickly whilst other issues required changes over the longer term. Significantly, reduced levels of violence were observed within a 2-month period of immediate steps being taken, with further gains achieved over the longer term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper provides the only example of the use of the PRISM protocol in an intellectual disability inpatient setting. The reduction in violence seen in this unit provides ‘real world’ evidence that addressing situational factors for institutional violence can be effective in intellec","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The contributing factors to suicide in Italian prisons: An 11-year analysis (2010–2020) 意大利监狱中的自杀诱因：11 年分析（2010-2020 年）
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2319
Paolo Bailo, Filippo Gibelli, Asaea Celletti, Anna Caraffa, Ascanio Sirignano, Giovanna Ricci

Background

Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, with approximately 800,000 deaths annually and accounting for 1.5% of all deaths. Risk factors are multifaceted, encompassing individual factors (such as genetics, family history and mental illnesses) and environmental factors (such as economic conditions, social support and life events). In prisons, suicide rates are markedly higher than in the general population, particularly in Italy, where the prisoner suicide rate is approximately 20 times that of the non-incarcerated population. There is, however, little research on suicide in Italian prisons.

Aims

To analyse the characteristics of all people who died by suicide in Italian prisons between 2010 and 2020.

Methods

We carried out a records-based cohort study analysing official data from the Italian Ministry of Justice on prison suicides between 2010 and 2020. The data were cross-referenced and, when required, supplemented with information from Ristretti Orizzonti, a journal specialising in health and living conditions in prisons, as well as from the website of ISTAT (Italian National Statistical Institute), newspapers, radio broadcasts and news agencies.

Results

Factors associated with an increased risk of suicide in prisons were nighttime periods, the months of June, July and October, a relatively brief duration of detention (<6 months), having been convicted of murder, male gender, being about 40 years old, having access to hanging materials and being interned (i.e. subjected to the execution of custodial security measures) or awaiting trial. Prison overcrowding was not a risk factor for suicide.

Conclusion

Our findings hold substantial implications for suicide prevention in Italian prisons as they suggest both characteristics of individuals and characteristics of the institutions that could be taken as risk indicators. This knowledge can inform the development of targeted interventions to manage both individual and environmental factors better, leading to improved prison conditions and reduced suicide rates. Furthermore, our research establishes a foundation for more systematic and in-depth investigations that could further improve suicide prevention strategies in Italian prisons, ultimately influencing policy changes in both practice and research, i

自杀是全球死亡的主要原因，每年约有80万人死亡，占所有死亡人数的1.5%。风险因素是多方面的，包括个人因素(如遗传、家族史和精神疾病)和环境因素(如经济条件、社会支持和生活事件)。在监狱中，自杀率明显高于一般人群，特别是在意大利，囚犯的自杀率大约是非监禁人口的20倍。然而，很少有关于意大利监狱自杀的研究。
{"title":"The contributing factors to suicide in Italian prisons: An 11-year analysis (2010–2020)","authors":"Paolo Bailo,&nbsp;Filippo Gibelli,&nbsp;Asaea Celletti,&nbsp;Anna Caraffa,&nbsp;Ascanio Sirignano,&nbsp;Giovanna Ricci","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2319","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, with approximately 800,000 deaths annually and accounting for 1.5% of all deaths. Risk factors are multifaceted, encompassing individual factors (such as genetics, family history and mental illnesses) and environmental factors (such as economic conditions, social support and life events). In prisons, suicide rates are markedly higher than in the general population, particularly in Italy, where the prisoner suicide rate is approximately 20 times that of the non-incarcerated population. There is, however, little research on suicide in Italian prisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyse the characteristics of all people who died by suicide in Italian prisons between 2010 and 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out a records-based cohort study analysing official data from the Italian Ministry of Justice on prison suicides between 2010 and 2020. The data were cross-referenced and, when required, supplemented with information from <i>Ristretti Orizzonti</i>, a journal specialising in health and living conditions in prisons, as well as from the website of ISTAT (Italian National Statistical Institute), newspapers, radio broadcasts and news agencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factors associated with an increased risk of suicide in prisons were nighttime periods, the months of June, July and October, a relatively brief duration of detention (&lt;6 months), having been convicted of murder, male gender, being about 40 years old, having access to hanging materials and being interned (i.e. subjected to the execution of custodial security measures) or awaiting trial. Prison overcrowding was not a risk factor for suicide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings hold substantial implications for suicide prevention in Italian prisons as they suggest both characteristics of individuals and characteristics of the institutions that could be taken as risk indicators. This knowledge can inform the development of targeted interventions to manage both individual and environmental factors better, leading to improved prison conditions and reduced suicide rates. Furthermore, our research establishes a foundation for more systematic and in-depth investigations that could further improve suicide prevention strategies in Italian prisons, ultimately influencing policy changes in both practice and research, i","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CBMH issue 6, volume 33 highlights CBMH 第 6 期第 33 卷要闻
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2320
Pamela J. Taylor
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引用次数: 0
A realist evaluation of an enhanced court-based liaison and diversion service for defendants with neurodevelopmental disorders 为患有神经发育障碍的被告提供强化法庭联络和分流服务的现实主义评估。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2315
Eddie Chaplin, Jane McCarthy, Karina Marshall-Tate, Salma Ali, Denise Harvey, Jessica Childs, Kiriakos Xenitidis, Samir Srivastava, Iain McKinnon, Louise Robinson, Clare S. Allely, Sally Hardy, Andrew Forrester

Background

In England, court-based mental health liaison and diversion (L&D) services work across courts and police stations to support those with severe mental illness and other vulnerabilities. However, the evidence around how such services support those with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) is limited.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate, through the lens of court and clinical staff, the introduction of a L&D service for defendants with NDs, designed to complement the existing L&D service.

Methods

A realist evaluation was undertaken involving multiple agencies based within an inner-city Magistrates' Court in London, England. We developed a logic model based on the initial programme theory focusing on component parts of the new enhanced service, specifically training, screening, signposting and interventions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the court staff, judiciary and clinicians from the L&D service.

Results

The L&D service for defendants with NDs was successful in identifying and supporting the needs of those defendants. Benefits of this service included knowledge sharing, awareness raising and promoting good practice such as making reasonable adjustments. However, there were challenges for the court practitioners and clinicians in finding and accessing local specialist community services.

Conclusion

A L&D service developed for defendants with NDs is feasible and beneficial to staff and clinicians who worked in the court setting leading to good practice being in place for the defendants. Going forward, a local care pathway would need to be agreed between commissioners and stakeholders including the judiciary to ensure timely and equitable access to local services by both defendants and practitioners working across diversion services for individuals with NDs.

背景：在英格兰，基于法院的心理健康联络和分流（L&D）服务在法院和警察局开展工作，为那些患有严重精神疾病和其他脆弱性的人提供支持。然而，关于此类服务如何支持神经发育障碍患者的证据有限。目的：本研究旨在通过法庭和临床工作人员的视角，评估为患有NDs的被告引入L&D服务的情况，该服务旨在补充现有的L&D服务。方法：对英国伦敦市中心治安法院内的多个机构进行了现实主义评估。我们根据最初的方案理论开发了一个逻辑模型，重点关注新的强化服务的组成部分，特别是培训、筛查、路标和干预措施。我们对法庭工作人员、司法人员和法律与发展服务的临床医生进行了半结构化采访。结果：为患有NDs的被告提供的L&D服务成功地确定并支持了这些被告的需求。这项服务的好处包括分享知识、提高认识和推广良好做法，如进行合理调整。然而，法院从业者和临床医生在寻找和获得当地专业社区服务方面面临挑战。结论：为患有NDs的被告开发的L&D服务是可行的，对在法庭环境中工作的工作人员和临床医生有益，从而为被告提供良好的实践。今后，委员和包括司法机构在内的利益相关者需要就当地护理途径达成一致，以确保被告和为NDs患者提供分流服务的从业者及时、公平地获得当地服务。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version among young people in South Africa and the relationship of high scale scores to reported offending or similar deviant behaviour 南非年轻人青少年精神病特征量表简版的心理测量特性评估，以及高分与报告的冒犯或类似越轨行为的关系。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2317
Leon Holtzhausen, Emma Campbell

Background

While there is empirical evidence to support associations between psychopathy scale ratings and offending or deviant behaviours, suggested as support for a unified theory of crime, evidence to date has been mainly from countries with high economic ratings and Western philosophies. In countries with a wide range of cultural groups and languages and a complex history of colonisation and apartheid, such scale ratings and correlations may differ.

Aims

To explore the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S) and its applicability and relationship to deviant and actual or potential criminal behaviour among young adults in South Africa.

Methods

18- to 20-year-olds from poor socio-economic backgrounds were recruited by a fieldworker with an existing relationship with community-based youth centres. Consenting participants completed the Deviant Behaviour Variety Scale, reflecting criminal or similar behaviours in the 12 months prior to rating and the YPI-S. Reliability measurements, principal factor analysis, Spearman's Rho correlations, chi square and multiple regression were used to explore performance of the YPI-S in this sample and relationship of YPI-S scores to deviancy.

Results

Of the 213 participants recruited, 176 completed all data points and were entered into analyses. The YPI-S was found to have generally good psychometric properties; however, in factor analysis, while items mapped well into an emotional subscale and quite well into an interpersonal scale, as in the original, behavioural items did not. Emotional, interpersonal and total YPI-S scores were significantly associated with reported deviant behaviour scores.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest value in using the YPI-S with young people in South Africa to help identify those vulnerable to committing criminal acts. Among these disadvantaged young people, however, caution should be used in interpreting scores on its behavioural dimension. It is interesting that the emotional dimension, which incorporates perhaps the most personal features such as ‘callous and unemotional traits’ (albeit probably better considered as difficulty in recognising emotions in others), seemed most robust, suggesting that there may be core problems in a pathway to crime

背景：虽然有经验证据支持精神病量表评分与犯罪或越轨行为之间的联系，这被认为是对统一犯罪理论的支持，但迄今为止的证据主要来自经济评分高的国家和西方哲学。在文化群体和语言广泛、殖民主义和种族隔离历史复杂的国家，这种评分和相关性可能有所不同。目的：探讨青年精神病特征量表简版（YPI-S）的心理测量特性及其在南非年轻人中的异常行为、实际或潜在犯罪行为的适用性和关系。方法：由一名与社区青年中心有关系的实地工作者招募来自贫困社会经济背景的18至20岁的青少年。同意的参与者完成了偏离行为多样性量表，反映了评级前12个月内的犯罪或类似行为以及YPI-S。使用可靠性测量、主因子分析、Spearman Rho相关性、卡方和多元回归来探讨YPI-s在该样本中的表现以及YPI-s得分与偏差的关系。结果：在招募的213名参与者中，176人完成了所有数据点并进入分析。YPI-S被发现具有普遍良好的心理测量特性；然而，在因子分析中，虽然项目很好地映射到情绪分量表中，也很好地反映到人际关系量表中，但在最初的分析中，行为项目没有。情绪、人际关系和YPI-S总分与报告的异常行为得分显著相关。结论：这项研究的结果表明，在南非年轻人中使用YPI-S有助于识别那些容易犯下犯罪行为的人。然而，在这些处境不利的年轻人中，在解释行为层面的分数时应谨慎。有趣的是，情感维度可能包含了最具个人特征，如“冷酷无情的特质”（尽管可能被更好地认为是难以识别他人的情绪），似乎最为强大，这表明犯罪途径或犯罪理论可能存在超越文化的核心问题。这种可能性可能会通过个人干预得到补救，并将从进一步的调查中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Psychopathology and history of mental healthcare among male detainees transferred to a facility for managing otherwise uncontrollable in-prison violence: An exploratory study 被转移到监狱暴力管理机构的男性被拘留者的心理病理学和心理健康史：一项探索性研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2316
Ellen van der Vorst, Niki C. Kuin, Vere van Koppen, Joke M. Harte

Background

In-prison violence by detainees is a problem worldwide, but despite evidence of a much higher prevalence of a range of psychiatric disorders than in the general population, little is known about psychopathology among violent detainees.

Aims

Our aim was to explore the psychopathology and mental healthcare history of Dutch detainees who were transferred to the highly restrictive facility for uncontrollably violent detainees following severe in-prison violence.

Methods

Anonymised data for all 253 male detainees incarcerated at any time between January 2016 and January 2020 in the specialist national facility for those seriously violent while in prison—‘the Violence Facility’—were obtained from the Dutch Ministry of Justice together with similarly recorded data for a matched comparison group of 253 detainees admitted to an in-prison psychiatric facility—‘the Psychiatric Facility’.

Results

There was no record of any psychiatric assessment for 29% of the Violence Facility men. Almost all of the detainees who had been assessed were classified with at least one disorder. Compared to detainees in the Psychiatric Facility, Violence Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, behavioural and personality disorders; Psychiatric Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis or substance use disorder. Most men in both groups had previously used mental health services.

Conclusions

This first study of detainees in the Dutch in-prison facility for violent detainees raises questions about whether the extent of violence among these men may have masked mental healthcare needs and leads to questions about potential benefits from establishing more systematic mental health assessments for them, and a need for more specialist services.

背景：被拘留者在监狱中的暴力行为是世界范围内的一个问题，但尽管有证据表明一系列精神障碍的患病率比普通人群高得多，但人们对暴力被拘留者的精神病理学知之甚少。目的：我们的目的是探索荷兰被拘留者的精神病理学和心理健康史，这些被拘留者在严重的监狱暴力事件后被转移到高度限制的暴力拘留所。方法：从荷兰司法部获得了2016年1月至2020年1月期间，所有253名男性被拘留者的匿名数据，这些被拘留者在狱中严重暴力的国家专门设施“暴力设施”中被监禁，同时还获得了253名被监禁者的类似记录数据结果：29%的暴力设施男性没有任何精神病评估记录。几乎所有接受评估的被拘留者都至少患有一种精神障碍。与精神病院的被拘留者相比，暴力病院的男子更有可能被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍、焦虑、行为和人格障碍；精神病院的男性更有可能被诊断为精神病或物质使用障碍。这两组中的大多数男性以前都使用过心理健康服务。结论：这项针对荷兰暴力被拘留者监狱中被拘留者的首次研究提出了这样一个问题，即这些人的暴力程度是否可能有掩盖的心理健康需求，并提出了为他们建立更系统的心理健康评估的潜在好处，以及是否需要更多的专业服务。
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引用次数: 0
A critical review of undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry 对法医精神病学本科教育和教学的批判性回顾。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q2 Psychology
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2314
Leila Sharda, Karen Wright

Background

Although forensic psychiatry is recognised as a full medical speciality in the UK, training in it is not routinely offered to medical students. With growth both in forensic psychiatry and availability of medical school places, it is a good time to explore the nature and quality of experience already available.

Aims

1. To map the literature against the guideline for reporting evidence-based practice educational interventions and teaching checklist. 2. To critically review research and scholarship. 3. To identify gaps in evidence-based education for medical students in forensic psychiatry.

Method

A systematic search of three bibliographic databases from inception to December 2021 was undertaken using keywords related to medical students and forensic psychiatry between December 2021 and March 2022. The search was supplemented by citation and hand searching.

Results

Eight articles were identified. Collectively, they suggest that education and teaching were implemented at a local level and not linked to theories of learning. Exposure to forensic psychiatry stimulated positive attitudes, which amplified interest in psychiatry. There was insufficient evidence to determine optimal undergraduate education and teaching practice in forensic psychiatry.

Conclusions

Forensic psychiatry appears to have much to offer the medical undergraduate as part of core learning in psychiatry, including universal skills and knowledge such as ethical decision-making and handling emotions. There appears to be considerable opportunity for education, teaching and research innovation in undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry. Interesting areas for development include simulated and coproduced education.

背景：尽管法医精神病学在英国被公认为一门完整的医学专业，但医学生并不经常接受这方面的培训。随着法医精神病学的发展和医学院名额的增加，现在是探索现有经验的性质和质量的好时机。目标：1。对照循证实践教育干预和教学检查表报告指南绘制文献。2.批判性地回顾研究和学术。3.找出法医精神病学医学生循证教育的差距。方法：在2021年12月至2022年3月期间，使用与医学生和法医精神病学相关的关键词，对从成立到2021年12月份的三个书目数据库进行了系统搜索。检索以引文和手工检索为补充。结果：共鉴定出8篇文章。总的来说，他们认为教育和教学是在地方一级实施的，与学习理论无关。接触法医精神病学激发了积极的态度，从而增强了人们对精神病学的兴趣。没有足够的证据来确定法医精神病学的最佳本科教育和教学实践。结论：作为精神病学核心学习的一部分，法医精神病学似乎为医学本科生提供了很多东西，包括普遍的技能和知识，如道德决策和处理情绪。在法医精神病学的本科教育和教学中，似乎有相当大的机会进行教育、教学和研究创新。有趣的发展领域包括模拟教育和联合制作教育。
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