Darrick Jolliffe, Hannah Gaffney, Manuel Eisner, David P. Farrington
Background
The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) is one of the most important prospective criminological longitudinal studies in the world. This now-famous study of 411 boys, followed up from age 8 (in 1961) to 48 with in-person social interviews and up to 61 in official records, has produced an immense range and depth of knowledge.
Aims
The aim of the current paper is to describe recent efforts that have been made to both secure the data available from the CSDD by digitising the historical paper records and to obtain new data by undertaking a new wave of data collection with the men at about age 70.
Results
Both the archiving of paper records and the new interviews significantly expand the depth and range of research questions that the CSDD can address. A surprisingly high proportion of the selected samples of men interviewed at about age 70 self-reported an offence.
Conclusions
These new developments solidify the status of the CSDD, David Farrington's legacy, as a world-leading source of information about the development and maintenance of criminal and antisocial behaviour.
背景：剑桥犯罪发展研究（Cambridge Study in criminal Development， CSDD）是国际上最重要的前瞻性犯罪学纵向研究之一。这项现已闻名的研究对411名男孩进行了跟踪调查，从8岁（1961年）到48岁，进行了面对面的社会访谈，直到61岁有官方记录。这项研究产生了广泛而深入的知识。目的：当前论文的目的是描述最近所做的努力，通过数字化历史纸质记录来确保CSDD提供的数据，并通过对70岁左右的男性进行新一轮的数据收集来获得新数据。结果：无论是纸质记录的存档还是新的访谈，都显著地扩展了CSDD可以解决的研究问题的深度和范围。在接受采访的70岁左右的男性样本中，有相当高的比例自称有过犯罪行为。结论：这些新的发展巩固了CSDD的地位，David Farrington的遗产，作为关于犯罪和反社会行为的发展和维持的世界领先的信息来源。
{"title":"Contemporary Developments in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development: David Farrington's Legacy","authors":"Darrick Jolliffe, Hannah Gaffney, Manuel Eisner, David P. Farrington","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2381","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) is one of the most important prospective criminological longitudinal studies in the world. This now-famous study of 411 boys, followed up from age 8 (in 1961) to 48 with in-person social interviews and up to 61 in official records, has produced an immense range and depth of knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the current paper is to describe recent efforts that have been made to both secure the data available from the CSDD by digitising the historical paper records and to obtain new data by undertaking a new wave of data collection with the men at about age 70.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both the archiving of paper records and the new interviews significantly expand the depth and range of research questions that the CSDD can address. A surprisingly high proportion of the selected samples of men interviewed at about age 70 self-reported an offence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These new developments solidify the status of the CSDD, David Farrington's legacy, as a world-leading source of information about the development and maintenance of criminal and antisocial behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 2","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Eisner, Denis Ribeaud, Laura Bechtiger, Aja Murray, Andrea Tam
Background
Violent ideations (VIs) refer to thoughts, daydreams or fantasies of killing, inflicting serious physical harm or humiliating another person. Violent ideations are of particular interest at the intersection between mental health and violent behaviour. However, little is currently known about developmental trajectories of violent ideations in adolescence and early adulthood, and the extent to which childhood risk factors predict the likelihood of violent ideations.
Aims
This study aims to address three key questions: (1) what are the developmental trends in violent thinking from ages 13 to 24, and how do they differ by sex? (2) To what extent can childhood risk factors predict VIs in late adolescence and early adulthood? (3) Are these associations sex-specific?
Methods
Data were collected from the z-proso cohort study that is an on-going population-based longitudinal cohort study of 1555 participants. We use participant, teacher and parent reports to examine the extent to which childhood trait aggressiveness, poor impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family environment and violent media consumption predict the likelihood of violent ideations.
Results
Descriptive analyses show that VIs strongly decline from late adolescence to early adulthood. We also find substantial between-individual stability in VIs between ages 17, 20 and 24. Indicators of childhood aggressiveness, poor impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family environment and adult media consumption were found to consistently predict increased violent ideations among males. Among females, self-reported aggressive behaviour, aversive parenting and a poor teacher–child bond had relatively strong associations with VIs. Overall, childhood risk factors were more predictive of VIs among male study participants than among females.
Conclusions
The propensity to experience VIs declines between ages 15 and 24. The experience of VIs during late adolescence to early adulthood had long-term associations with childhood risk factors indicative of general aggressiveness, low impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family context and violent media consumption. Most prospective associations were stronger for males than for females. This is consistent with the notion that a relatively stable violent
{"title":"Childhood Risk Factors for Violent Ideations in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood","authors":"Manuel Eisner, Denis Ribeaud, Laura Bechtiger, Aja Murray, Andrea Tam","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2382","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2382","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Violent ideations (VIs) refer to thoughts, daydreams or fantasies of killing, inflicting serious physical harm or humiliating another person. Violent ideations are of particular interest at the intersection between mental health and violent behaviour. However, little is currently known about developmental trajectories of violent ideations in adolescence and early adulthood, and the extent to which childhood risk factors predict the likelihood of violent ideations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to address three key questions: (1) what are the developmental trends in violent thinking from ages 13 to 24, and how do they differ by sex? (2) To what extent can childhood risk factors predict VIs in late adolescence and early adulthood? (3) Are these associations sex-specific?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from the z-proso cohort study that is an on-going population-based longitudinal cohort study of 1555 participants. We use participant, teacher and parent reports to examine the extent to which childhood trait aggressiveness, poor impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family environment and violent media consumption predict the likelihood of violent ideations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive analyses show that VIs strongly decline from late adolescence to early adulthood. We also find substantial between-individual stability in VIs between ages 17, 20 and 24. Indicators of childhood aggressiveness, poor impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family environment and adult media consumption were found to consistently predict increased violent ideations among males. Among females, self-reported aggressive behaviour, aversive parenting and a poor teacher–child bond had relatively strong associations with VIs. Overall, childhood risk factors were more predictive of VIs among male study participants than among females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The propensity to experience VIs declines between ages 15 and 24. The experience of VIs during late adolescence to early adulthood had long-term associations with childhood risk factors indicative of general aggressiveness, low impulse control, social rejection, an adverse family context and violent media consumption. Most prospective associations were stronger for males than for females. This is consistent with the notion that a relatively stable violent","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 2","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I have spent a significant part of my career with a team of talented young researchers investigating how childhood bullying impacts people's mental health and overall functioning. Together over the years, we have demonstrated that the impact of childhood bullying victimisation is environmentally mediated (Arseneault et al. 2008), that children who experience bullying benefit from supportive family environments (Bowes et al. 2010) and that bullying contributes to early psychotic symptoms (Arseneault et al. 2011). We also explored the biological effects of bullying victimisation, including HPA axis dysregulation (Ouellet-Morin et al. 2011) and inflammation (Danese et al. 2011). Our findings highlight the long-term impact of being bullied in childhood on both mental and physical health in adulthood (Takizawa et al. 2014) and document the burden bullying places on the NHS and UK mental health services (Evans-Lacko et al. 2017).
Whenever I presented these findings at conferences or scientific meetings, without fail someone in the audience would ask, ‘What about the children who bully others?’ My initial thought was always the same: these are children with conduct problems, and decades of research have already produced extensive knowledge about them. What more remains to be uncovered? Eventually, I decided to investigate whether children who bully others were simply children with conduct problems or if there was more to their behaviour. In doing so, I followed in the footsteps of David Farrington, who has long studied bullying behaviours and their developmental impact.
David Farrington extensively examined bullying from a criminological perspective, investigating the long-term trajectory of children who bully others. In doing so, he drew insights from his own Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory, in which he aimed to explain criminal behaviour by distinguishing antisocial potential (AP) and cognition (Farrington 2020). His theory stipulates that individuals with high long-term antisocial potential are more likely to engage in persistent offending, whereas those with low long-term antisocial potential may only commit crimes in certain situations. It integrates psychological and social influences to demonstrate why some people offend more frequently or persistently than others. From this view, Farrington hypothesised that both bullying and violent offending are symptoms of the same underlying issues, suggesting that the later outcomes of children who bully would be similar to those involved in violent offences. His analyses invariably used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 411 men from South London, first assessed in the early 1960s. He led that study for several years, following on from his colleague, British psychiatrist Donald J. West.
With Mari
尽管这些发现可能与反社会行为在整个生命过程中保持稳定的理论模型相一致，但它们挑战了人们的普遍看法，即欺凌他人的孩子在同龄人中很受欢迎，并且拥有更高的社会地位。我们的发现以及Farrington的发现都支持“失败”模型（Patterson和Stoolmiller 1991），该模型认为，随着时间的推移，由于学业失败、与家人和同龄人关系不佳等负面经历，有行为问题的青少年往往会出现情绪困难（Wertz et al. 2015）。我们发现欺凌行为比反社会行为更能预测不良后果，这与Farrington的早期结论相呼应，即欺凌行为和行为问题密切相关，但它们都独立地导致了以后生活中的不良后果。总之，这些发现强调了实施和支持反欺凌计划和政策的重要性。Gaffney等人（2019）的一项荟萃分析发现，以学校为基础的反欺凌计划将欺凌行为减少了约20%，将欺凌受害者减少了15%。此外，这些项目还显示出焦虑和抑郁等情绪问题的边际减少（Guzman-Holst et al. 2022）。这些结果应该乐观看待还是沮丧看待还有待确定。然而，明确的是，要解决欺凌问题，改善欺凌者和受害者的生活，还有很多工作要做。干预措施应纳入更广泛的包容和安全议程，而不是作为独立的举措实施，并应尽可能整合现有资源。至关重要的是，针对欺凌行为和行为问题的干预措施可以从更大的整合中受益，正如Farrington所倡导的那样，他坚信更大的整合，而不是基于隔离结果的干预措施的划分（Loeber和Farrington 2000）。旨在减少行为问题的项目通常采取以家庭为基础的方法，侧重于父母的技能(de Graaf et al. 2008；Scott et al. 2014；Fonagy et al. 2018)。这些项目旨在提高家长管理孩子行为的知识、技能和信心，使欺凌他人的年轻人受益。这些项目不仅可以为减少欺凌行为提供潜在途径，还可以为已经不堪重负的教育队伍提供急需的支持。尽管我一直使用发展的方法来研究欺凌行为及其对人们生活的影响，但我的结论出人意料地与犯罪学家的结论一致：就像社会中的一般犯罪一样，校园欺凌行为永远不会完全根除。虽然教育机构有责任尽量减少欺凌行为，为所有学生创造一个安全的环境，但我们也必须让年轻人掌握技能和工具，以避免成为欺凌的目标，就像我们在犯罪方面所做的那样。例如，建议人们出门时锁门，或者在天黑的深夜组团旅行。这些策略旨在降低成为袭击或抢劫受害者的风险。同样，我们应确保向所有年轻人传授必要的个人和社会技能，以防止成为欺凌行为的受害者。将旨在防止欺凌行为和向受害者提供支持的战略结合起来，可以最有效地防止因欺凌行为和受害而造成的终身困难。然而，Farrington对欺凌行为的研究并不是我第一次接触他的工作。上世纪90年代末，我第一次搬到伦敦时，我们相遇了。我多次加入剑桥不良发展研究小组，以更多地了解这项令人难以置信的研究的功能。最近，当我们开始创建可发现性平台以增加对现有纵向数据的吸收并促进心理健康研究时，我很高兴在我们的心理健康措施目录（2025）中看到剑桥犯罪发展研究，并重新发现了这项研究的丰富性。很少有研究如此深远和持久。然而，令我印象最深刻的是，无论是当时还是现在，Farrington对这项研究及其参与者的坚定不移的奉献精神。他对每一个参加定期评估的人的尊重，加上他对数据的勤奋使用，以产生新的知识，真的很突出。我会想念他的定期邮件，列出他在过去一个月发表的所有文章。大卫·法灵顿在欺凌和纵向研究方面的开创性工作在犯罪学领域乃至更远的领域留下了不可磨灭的印记。他作为一个人的同情心和正直将继续激励那些像我一样将继续追随他的脚步的人。作者声明无利益冲突。
{"title":"The Lifelong Impact of Bullying Behaviours on Crime Through David Farrington's Legacy","authors":"Louise Arseneault","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2380","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I have spent a significant part of my career with a team of talented young researchers investigating how childhood bullying impacts people's mental health and overall functioning. Together over the years, we have demonstrated that the impact of childhood bullying victimisation is environmentally mediated (Arseneault et al. <span>2008</span>), that children who experience bullying benefit from supportive family environments (Bowes et al. <span>2010</span>) and that bullying contributes to early psychotic symptoms (Arseneault et al. <span>2011</span>). We also explored the biological effects of bullying victimisation, including HPA axis dysregulation (Ouellet-Morin et al. <span>2011</span>) and inflammation (Danese et al. <span>2011</span>). Our findings highlight the long-term impact of being bullied in childhood on both mental and physical health in adulthood (Takizawa et al. <span>2014</span>) and document the burden bullying places on the NHS and UK mental health services (Evans-Lacko et al. <span>2017</span>).</p><p>Whenever I presented these findings at conferences or scientific meetings, without fail someone in the audience would ask, ‘What about the children who bully others?’ My initial thought was always the same: these are children with conduct problems, and decades of research have already produced extensive knowledge about them. What more remains to be uncovered? Eventually, I decided to investigate whether children who bully others were simply children with conduct problems or if there was more to their behaviour. In doing so, I followed in the footsteps of David Farrington, who has long studied bullying behaviours and their developmental impact.</p><p>David Farrington extensively examined bullying from a criminological perspective, investigating the long-term trajectory of children who bully others. In doing so, he drew insights from his own Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory, in which he aimed to explain criminal behaviour by distinguishing antisocial potential (AP) and cognition (Farrington <span>2020</span>). His theory stipulates that individuals with high long-term antisocial potential are more likely to engage in persistent offending, whereas those with low long-term antisocial potential may only commit crimes in certain situations. It integrates psychological and social influences to demonstrate why some people offend more frequently or persistently than others. From this view, Farrington hypothesised that both bullying and violent offending are symptoms of the same underlying issues, suggesting that the later outcomes of children who bully would be similar to those involved in violent offences. His analyses invariably used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 411 men from South London, first assessed in the early 1960s. He led that study for several years, following on from his colleague, British psychiatrist Donald J. West.</p><p>With Mari","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 2","pages":"80-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Treatment goals for offenders with mental disorders include restoring and maintaining health, establishing social participation and preventing negative outcomes, including further offending. The development of patient insight into their prior offences may facilitate their reintegration into society and prevent further harms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To find out whether, among offenders with mental disorder, their own causal attribution of their criminal acts, based on the Japanese version of the Gudjonsson blame attribution inventory-revised (GBAI-R-J), is associated with psychiatric symptoms according to the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) ratings.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 45 patients in forensic psychiatric services, both in- and out-patients. All participants had a psychosis and a history of serious crimes. Attribution of blame was self-rated in the same session during which a clinician rated their symptoms using the PANSS. GBAI-R-J scores were converted into a categorical variable by allocating each participant into one of two groups—those scoring up to the half point or those scoring at or above it on each subscale. The three PANSS scale scores were treated as continuous variables.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>There was a significant positive relationship between the GBAI-R-J externalising blame scores and PANSS scores for positive symptoms and general psychopathology but not for negative symptoms. Neither the acceptance of personal the guilt factor nor the mental element factor, which imply attribution of the offence to mental disorder, was significantly related to any aspect of symptoms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>This is the first study to compare blame attribution for a serious index offence and mental state simultaneously, albeit at various stages of treatment and time after the offence. The association of persistent positive symptoms with externalising blame is understandable in terms of the nature of the symptoms, almost invariable including paranoid delusions. The absence of a relationship with acceptance of guilt or understanding the role of mental disorder in the offending suggests that many of these patients require further treatment to accept personal agency. A longitudinal study is indicated to test these possibilities further.</p>
背景：精神障碍罪犯的治疗目标包括恢复和维持健康、建立社会参与和防止负面后果，包括进一步犯罪。病人对其先前罪行的洞察力的发展可能有助于他们重新融入社会并防止进一步的伤害。目的：根据日本版GBAI-R-J归因量表（positive and negative syndrome scale， PANSS）的评分，探讨精神障碍罪犯对其犯罪行为的因果归因是否与精神症状相关。方法：采用横断面研究方法，收集45例法医精神科住院和门诊患者的资料。所有参与者都有精神病和严重犯罪史。在临床医生使用PANSS对他们的症状进行评定的同时，他们对责任归因进行了自我评定。GBAI-R-J分数被转换成一个分类变量，方法是将每个参与者分为两组——在每个子量表上得分在半分以下的和得分在半分以上的。三个PANSS量表得分作为连续变量处理。结果：GBAI-R-J外化指责评分与PANSS评分在阳性症状和一般精神病理方面呈显著正相关，而在阴性症状方面无显著正相关。无论是承认个人犯罪因素，还是承认将犯罪归因于精神失常的精神因素，都与症状的任何方面没有显著关系。结论：这是第一个同时比较严重指数犯罪的归因和精神状态的研究，尽管是在不同的治疗阶段和犯罪后的时间。就症状的性质而言，持续的阳性症状与外化指责的关联是可以理解的，几乎总是包括偏执妄想。缺乏与接受内疚的关系或理解精神障碍在犯罪中的作用表明，这些患者中的许多人需要进一步治疗才能接受个人代理。一项纵向研究表明，进一步检验这些可能性。
{"title":"Association of Self-Rated Attribution of Blame for Criminal Acts and of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Specialist Forensic Psychiatric Treatment in Japan","authors":"Ikuko Arakawa, Noriomi Kuroki, Hidehiko Takahashi, Takayuki Okada","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment goals for offenders with mental disorders include restoring and maintaining health, establishing social participation and preventing negative outcomes, including further offending. The development of patient insight into their prior offences may facilitate their reintegration into society and prevent further harms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To find out whether, among offenders with mental disorder, their own causal attribution of their criminal acts, based on the Japanese version of the Gudjonsson blame attribution inventory-revised (GBAI-R-J), is associated with psychiatric symptoms according to the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) ratings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 45 patients in forensic psychiatric services, both in- and out-patients. All participants had a psychosis and a history of serious crimes. Attribution of blame was self-rated in the same session during which a clinician rated their symptoms using the PANSS. GBAI-R-J scores were converted into a categorical variable by allocating each participant into one of two groups—those scoring up to the half point or those scoring at or above it on each subscale. The three PANSS scale scores were treated as continuous variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant positive relationship between the GBAI-R-J externalising blame scores and PANSS scores for positive symptoms and general psychopathology but not for negative symptoms. Neither the acceptance of personal the guilt factor nor the mental element factor, which imply attribution of the offence to mental disorder, was significantly related to any aspect of symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study to compare blame attribution for a serious index offence and mental state simultaneously, albeit at various stages of treatment and time after the offence. The association of persistent positive symptoms with externalising blame is understandable in terms of the nature of the symptoms, almost invariable including paranoid delusions. The absence of a relationship with acceptance of guilt or understanding the role of mental disorder in the offending suggests that many of these patients require further treatment to accept personal agency. A longitudinal study is indicated to test these possibilities further.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 3","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-Social Behaviour, Mental Health and Crime Across the Life-Span: Honouring David P. Farrington's Lifetime of Contribution to Knowledge","authors":"Maria M. Ttofi, Adrian Grounds, Keri Ka-Yee Wong","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabrielle Hill, Felicity Gerry KC, Paula Herlihen, Clare S. Allely, David J. Gilbert
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of symptoms and signs that may follow from exposure of the unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. Characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, one secondary outcome from FASD, is encounters with the criminal justice system (CJS). In some countries, for example, England and Wales, it seems likely that many cases are missed at this point and, thus, courts are at risk of making unsafe judgements. We could learn a lot from countries where services are generally more used to dealing with FASD. Australia is one such country.
{"title":"Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Courts: How England and Wales Could Benefit From Following an Australian Model","authors":"Gabrielle Hill, Felicity Gerry KC, Paula Herlihen, Clare S. Allely, David J. Gilbert","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of symptoms and signs that may follow from exposure of the unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. Characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, one secondary outcome from FASD, is encounters with the criminal justice system (CJS). In some countries, for example, England and Wales, it seems likely that many cases are missed at this point and, thus, courts are at risk of making unsafe judgements. We could learn a lot from countries where services are generally more used to dealing with FASD. Australia is one such country.</p>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 3","pages":"142-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importation model holds that inmate behaviour is a function of behaviours and thought patterns offenders bring with them into prison from the community. It may also be that offenders export behaviours and thought patterns they develop or refine in prison when they return to the community.
Aims
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an increase in reactive criminal thinking in prisoners predicts recidivism following release.
Methods
A sample of 282 male prisoners housed in a medium security federal facility completed the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) at the beginning and end of a 10-week therapy group and were eventually released back to the community.
Results
The results of a Cox proportional hazards survival analysis revealed that prisoners who experienced a rise in reactive criminal thinking over the course of the 10-week group were significantly more likely to recidivate than prisoners who did not display an increase in reactive criminal thinking, controlling for several factors, including prior arrests.
Conclusions
These results indicate that growth in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration portends poor outcomes upon release from prison. This suggests that a lack of critical thinking, potentially attributable to a rise in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration, may interfere with a person's ability to reintegrate safely and effectively into society once they are released from prison.
{"title":"A Rise in Reactive Criminal Thinking Over the Course of a 10-Week Prison-Based Programme Predicts Increased Criminal Propensity: Testing the Exportation Hypothesis","authors":"Glenn D. Walters","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2374","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The importation model holds that inmate behaviour is a function of behaviours and thought patterns offenders bring with them into prison from the community. It may also be that offenders export behaviours and thought patterns they develop or refine in prison when they return to the community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether an increase in reactive criminal thinking in prisoners predicts recidivism following release.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 282 male prisoners housed in a medium security federal facility completed the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) at the beginning and end of a 10-week therapy group and were eventually released back to the community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of a Cox proportional hazards survival analysis revealed that prisoners who experienced a rise in reactive criminal thinking over the course of the 10-week group were significantly more likely to recidivate than prisoners who did not display an increase in reactive criminal thinking, controlling for several factors, including prior arrests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results indicate that growth in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration portends poor outcomes upon release from prison. This suggests that a lack of critical thinking, potentially attributable to a rise in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration, may interfere with a person's ability to reintegrate safely and effectively into society once they are released from prison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 3","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo S. Gomes, Alex R. Piquero, Rafaela Costa Martins, Thaís Martins-Silva, Michelle Degli Esposti, Cauane Blumenberg, Andreas Bauer, Janaína Motta, Bernardo Horta, Joseph Murray
Background
Many studies have found that a small group of chronic offenders is responsible for the majority of crimes and tend to be particularly violent. However, there is a major lack of evidence on chronic offending in low- and middle-income countries; understanding these patterns is especially important in settings with very high levels of serious violence, such as Brazil.
Aims
To identify the extent that crime is concentrated in chronic offenders and linked to violence and homicide in a Brazilian cohort.
Methods
The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort includes 5623 participants followed from birth in 1982 with complete crime records up to age 30. Chronic offenders were defined as individuals who committed five or more offences and, in aggregate, over 50% of all crimes. Key offending characteristics including age of onset, violent and homicide offending, and incarceration rates were compared across three different offender groups (one-timers, below-chronic and chronic offenders).
Results
Approximately 27% of participants had a record for at least one crime by age 30, and 5% were chronic offenders. Chronic offenders were responsible for 57% of all crimes, 54% of violent crimes and 68% of homicides. Chronic offenders exhibited more severe patterns of offending on all characteristics examined compared to non-chronic offenders. Homicides committed by chronic offenders were more likely to involve firearms than those by non-chronic offenders.
Discussion
This is the first study to analyse chronic offending within a large prospective cohort in a low- and middle-income country. Chronic offending patterns in this Brazilian setting resemble those in high-income country studies and are highly related to homicides.
{"title":"Chronic Offending and Its Relation to Homicide in a Large, Prospective Brazilian Birth Cohort","authors":"Hugo S. Gomes, Alex R. Piquero, Rafaela Costa Martins, Thaís Martins-Silva, Michelle Degli Esposti, Cauane Blumenberg, Andreas Bauer, Janaína Motta, Bernardo Horta, Joseph Murray","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2367","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many studies have found that a small group of chronic offenders is responsible for the majority of crimes and tend to be particularly violent. However, there is a major lack of evidence on chronic offending in low- and middle-income countries; understanding these patterns is especially important in settings with very high levels of serious violence, such as Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify the extent that crime is concentrated in chronic offenders and linked to violence and homicide in a Brazilian cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort includes 5623 participants followed from birth in 1982 with complete crime records up to age 30. Chronic offenders were defined as individuals who committed five or more offences and, in aggregate, over 50% of all crimes. Key offending characteristics including age of onset, violent and homicide offending, and incarceration rates were compared across three different offender groups (one-timers, below-chronic and chronic offenders).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 27% of participants had a record for at least one crime by age 30, and 5% were chronic offenders. Chronic offenders were responsible for 57% of all crimes, 54% of violent crimes and 68% of homicides. Chronic offenders exhibited more severe patterns of offending on all characteristics examined compared to non-chronic offenders. Homicides committed by chronic offenders were more likely to involve firearms than those by non-chronic offenders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study to analyse chronic offending within a large prospective cohort in a low- and middle-income country. Chronic offending patterns in this Brazilian setting resemble those in high-income country studies and are highly related to homicides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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