Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health最新文献

英文中文

A literature review of outcome and treatment options after acquired brain injury: Suggestions for adult offenders using knowledge from the general population 关于后天性脑损伤后的结果和治疗方案的文献综述：利用普通人群的知识为成年罪犯提供建议。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2334

Esther Q. J. de Geus, Maarten V. Milders, Joan E. van Horn, Frank A. Jonker, Thijs Fassaert, Juliette C. Hutten, Femke Kuipers, Christel Grimbergen, Siri D. S. Noordermeer

Background

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major health problem, often with negative effects on behaviour and mental health as well as cognition. Prevalence of ABI is exceptionally high among offenders and increases their re-offending risk. Information on risk factors for ABI and its outcomes among offenders that could guide effective treatment for them is, nevertheless, scarce and dispersed. However, there is a more substantial literature about the general population that could inform work with brain-injured offenders, especially when selecting for samples or subgroups with similar relevant characteristics, such as lower socio-economic status (SES), pre-injury lower tested intelligence score (<85) and pre-injury mental health problems.

Aims

To explore brain injury data from non-offender samples of otherwise similar socio-economic and mental health and ability characteristics to offenders then, first, to describe their untreated outcomes and, secondly, outcomes after frequently used interventions in these circumstances, noting factors associated with their effectiveness.

Method

Three databases were systematically searched for the years 2010–2022; first, using terms for brain injury or damage and cognitive (dys)function, mental health or quality of life. Second, in a separate search, we used these terms and terms for interventions and rehabilitation. In the second review, studies were selected for clear, distinguishable data on age, sex, SES and lifestyle factors to facilitate inferences for offenders. A narrative analytical approach was adopted for both reviews.

Results

Samples with characteristics that are typical in offender groups, including lower SES, lower pre-injury intelligence quotient (<85), prior cognitive impairments and prior mental health problems, had poorer cognitive and behavioural outcomes following ABI than those without such additional problems, together with lower treatment adherence. With respect to treatment, adequate motivation and self-awareness were associated with better cognitive and behavioural outcomes than when these were low or absent, regardless of the outcome measured.

Conclusions

More complex pre-injury mental health problems and social disadvantages typical of offenders are associated with poorer post-brain injury recovery

背景：获得性脑损伤（ABI）是一个重大的健康问题，通常会对行为、心理健康和认知能力产生负面影响。后天性脑损伤在罪犯中的发病率极高，并增加了他们再次犯罪的风险。然而，有关罪犯心理健康障碍的风险因素及其后果的资料却很少，而且分散，无法指导对罪犯的有效治疗。目的：从社会经济、心理健康和能力特征与罪犯相似的非罪犯样本中探索脑损伤数据，然后首先描述他们未经治疗的结果，其次描述在这些情况下常用干预措施的结果，并注意与这些措施有效性相关的因素：首先，我们使用脑损伤或脑损伤、认知（功能障碍）、心理健康或生活质量等术语对 2010-2022 年的三个数据库进行了系统检索。其次，在另一项检索中，我们使用了这些术语以及干预和康复术语。在第二篇综述中，我们选择了有关年龄、性别、社会经济地位和生活方式等因素的明确、可区分的数据，以便于对罪犯进行推断。两篇综述均采用了叙述分析法：结果：研究样本具有罪犯群体的典型特征，包括较低的社会经济地位、较低的受伤前智商（结论：受伤前的心理健康更为复杂）、较高的生活方式和较低的生活质量（结论：受伤前的心理健康更为复杂）：罪犯典型的受伤前更复杂的心理健康问题和社会不利条件与脑损伤后更差的恢复有关。本文通过汇集遵循特定结果轨迹的研究成果，为实践知识增添了新的内容。总体而言，针对普通人群的成功脑损伤干预措施所针对的伤前困难与罪犯中出现的困难相当，这表明针对伤情的个性化治疗以及对这些困难的考虑能够最大限度地取得积极成果。

{"title":"A literature review of outcome and treatment options after acquired brain injury: Suggestions for adult offenders using knowledge from the general population","authors":"Esther Q. J. de Geus, Maarten V. Milders, Joan E. van Horn, Frank A. Jonker, Thijs Fassaert, Juliette C. Hutten, Femke Kuipers, Christel Grimbergen, Siri D. S. Noordermeer","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2334","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major health problem, often with negative effects on behaviour and mental health as well as cognition. Prevalence of ABI is exceptionally high among offenders and increases their re-offending risk. Information on risk factors for ABI and its outcomes among offenders that could guide effective treatment for them is, nevertheless, scarce and dispersed. However, there is a more substantial literature about the general population that could inform work with brain-injured offenders, especially when selecting for samples or subgroups with similar relevant characteristics, such as lower socio-economic status (SES), pre-injury lower tested intelligence score (<85) and pre-injury mental health problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore brain injury data from non-offender samples of otherwise similar socio-economic and mental health and ability characteristics to offenders then, first, to describe their untreated outcomes and, secondly, outcomes after frequently used interventions in these circumstances, noting factors associated with their effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three databases were systematically searched for the years 2010–2022; first, using terms for brain injury or damage and cognitive (dys)function, mental health or quality of life. Second, in a separate search, we used these terms <i>and</i> terms for interventions and rehabilitation. In the second review, studies were selected for clear, distinguishable data on age, sex, SES and lifestyle factors to facilitate inferences for offenders. A narrative analytical approach was adopted for both reviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples with characteristics that are typical in offender groups, including lower SES, lower pre-injury intelligence quotient (<85), prior cognitive impairments and prior mental health problems, had poorer cognitive and behavioural outcomes following ABI than those without such additional problems, together with lower treatment adherence. With respect to treatment, adequate motivation and self-awareness were associated with better cognitive and behavioural outcomes than when these were low or absent, regardless of the outcome measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More complex pre-injury mental health problems and social disadvantages typical of offenders are associated with poorer post-brain injury recovery","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 3","pages":"311-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio-economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America 美国各城市的警察枪击案、暴力犯罪、种族和社会经济因素。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2333

Howard Henderson, Jennifer Wyatt Bourgeois, Sven Smith, Christopher J. Ferguson, Juan Barthelemy

Background

Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them.

Aims

Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio-economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime.

Methods

Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses.

Results

Data were from the 100 largest US municipalities as designated by the mapping police violence database. The median per capital violent crime rate was 5.94 and median killings by police per 10 thousand arrests was 13.7. Violent crime was found to be related mainly to income inequality and lower academic achievement in the community. Race was unrelated to violent crime after controlling for other factors. Police shootings were found to be related to community level mental health concerns, food insecurity and the municipality's violent crime rate.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests that socio-economic factors are the primary drivers of both violent crime perpetration and police shootings. Policy approaches aimed at improving education and reducing poverty are likely to mitigate both violent crime and police shootings. However, it is important to recognise that being Black is an indicator of particular disadvantage within this context. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that address the systemic issues of racial disparities and socio-economic inequality, while also acknowledging the complex interplay of race, poverty and policing in the context of violent crime and police shootings.

背景：与其他发达国家相比，美国警察枪击案和暴力犯罪居高不下，但关于种族、心理健康或其他社会因素是否与之相关的争论仍在继续。目的：我们的目的是检验表明社会经济地位、种族人口统计、警察枪击案和暴力犯罪的社区因素之间的关系：有关警察枪击案、暴力犯罪和社区社会人口因素的数据来自两个可公开获取的数据集：美国 100 个城市的卫生和警察记录，并使用回归分析探讨了它们之间的关系：结果：数据来自警察暴力绘图数据库指定的美国最大的 100 个城市。每首都暴力犯罪率的中位数为 5.94，每 10,000 次逮捕中警察杀人案件的中位数为 13.7。研究发现，暴力犯罪主要与收入不平等和社区学术成就较低有关。在控制了其他因素后，种族与暴力犯罪无关。研究发现，警察枪击案与社区层面的心理健康问题、粮食不安全以及该市的暴力犯罪率有关：证据表明，社会经济因素是暴力犯罪和警察枪击案的主要驱动因素。旨在改善教育和减少贫困的政策措施可能会减轻暴力犯罪和警察枪击事件。然而，重要的是要认识到，在这种情况下，黑人是一个特别不利的指标。这就强调需要制定全面的战略，解决种族差异和社会经济不平等的系统性问题，同时也承认在暴力犯罪和警察枪击事件中种族、贫困和警务工作之间复杂的相互作用。

{"title":"Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio-economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America","authors":"Howard Henderson, Jennifer Wyatt Bourgeois, Sven Smith, Christopher J. Ferguson, Juan Barthelemy","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2333","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2333","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio-economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were from the 100 largest US municipalities as designated by the mapping police violence database. The median per capital violent crime rate was 5.94 and median killings by police per 10 thousand arrests was 13.7. Violent crime was found to be related mainly to income inequality and lower academic achievement in the community. Race was unrelated to violent crime after controlling for other factors. Police shootings were found to be related to community level mental health concerns, food insecurity and the municipality's violent crime rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evidence suggests that socio-economic factors are the primary drivers of both violent crime perpetration and police shootings. Policy approaches aimed at improving education and reducing poverty are likely to mitigate both violent crime and police shootings. However, it is important to recognise that being Black is an indicator of particular disadvantage within this context. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that address the systemic issues of racial disparities and socio-economic inequality, while also acknowledging the complex interplay of race, poverty and policing in the context of violent crime and police shootings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 3","pages":"296-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The experiences of men in prison who do not receive visits from family or friends: A qualitative systematic review 没有家人或朋友探视的男性囚犯的经历：定性系统回顾。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2332

Dean Burns, Conor Murray, Jennifer Ferguson, Linda Moore

Background

Visits present an opportunity for prisoners to preserve family ties and reduce isolation, but not all receive visits from family or friends whilst incarcerated.

Aims

To locate, appraise and synthesise qualitative data on the experiences of adult male prisoners (aged 18 years+) who do not receive prison visits from family or friends.

Methods

Nine electronic databases were searched from the date of their inception until March 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies, and data from the studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis method.

Results

Eighteen studies from seven countries (the USA, the UK [England, Northern Ireland & Scotland], Canada, Netherlands and the Philippines) were eligible for inclusion. Three main themes emerged: (1) reasons for not receiving visits, (2) harmful effects of not receiving visits and (3) the value of volunteer visitor programmes. Practical problems were cited as interfering with visiting opportunities, but also some prisoners or families chose not to meet in prison. Loneliness and depression were extensively described as effects of not receiving visits. Qualities associated with volunteer visitors included raised self-esteem, improved mood and personal growth.

Conclusion

Narratives of the experiences of adult men in prison without visits from family or friends suggest that not only the practical difficulties of imprisonment affect visiting; barriers that prisoners themselves impose would merit further exploration, as would family and relationship dynamics during incarceration and the emotional impact of prison visits, for both prisoners and their families. There are suggestions of therapeutic as well as humanitarian benefits from volunteer visiting programmes. There is a gap in the literature about any specific effect on rebuilding family relationships.

背景：目的：查找、评估和综合有关未接受家人或朋友探监的成年男性囚犯（18 岁以上）的经历的定性数据：方法：对九个电子数据库进行了检索，检索时间从开始检索之日起至 2023 年 3 月。采用定性研究的 "批判性评估技能计划 "清单对纳入研究的质量进行评估，并采用专题综合法对研究数据进行综合：来自 7 个国家（美国、英国[英格兰、北爱尔兰和苏格兰]、加拿大、荷兰和菲律宾）的 18 项研究符合纳入条件。出现了三大主题：(1) 不接受探访的原因；(2) 不接受探访的有害影响；(3) 志愿探访者计划的价值。实际问题被认为是影响探视机会的原因，但也有一些囚犯或家属选择不在狱中会面。孤独和抑郁被广泛描述为不接受探视的影响。与探视志愿者相关的品质包括提高自尊、改善情绪和个人成长：成年男子在狱中没有家人或朋友探视的经历表明，不仅监禁的实际困难会影响探视，囚犯自身造成的障碍也值得进一步探讨，监禁期间的家庭和关系动态以及监狱探视对囚犯及其家人的情感影响也是如此。有观点认为，志愿者探监计划既能带来治疗效果，也能带来人道主义方面的益处。关于对重建家庭关系的任何具体影响，文献中还存在空白。

{"title":"The experiences of men in prison who do not receive visits from family or friends: A qualitative systematic review","authors":"Dean Burns, Conor Murray, Jennifer Ferguson, Linda Moore","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2332","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visits present an opportunity for prisoners to preserve family ties and reduce isolation, but not all receive visits from family or friends whilst incarcerated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To locate, appraise and synthesise qualitative data on the experiences of adult male prisoners (aged 18 years+) who do not receive prison visits from family or friends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine electronic databases were searched from the date of their inception until March 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies, and data from the studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen studies from seven countries (the USA, the UK [England, Northern Ireland & Scotland], Canada, Netherlands and the Philippines) were eligible for inclusion. Three main themes emerged: (1) reasons for not receiving visits, (2) harmful effects of not receiving visits and (3) the value of volunteer visitor programmes. Practical problems were cited as interfering with visiting opportunities, but also some prisoners or families chose not to meet in prison. Loneliness and depression were extensively described as effects of not receiving visits. Qualities associated with volunteer visitors included raised self-esteem, improved mood and personal growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Narratives of the experiences of adult men in prison without visits from family or friends suggest that not only the practical difficulties of imprisonment affect visiting; barriers that prisoners themselves impose would merit further exploration, as would family and relationship dynamics during incarceration and the emotional impact of prison visits, for both prisoners and their families. There are suggestions of therapeutic as well as humanitarian benefits from volunteer visiting programmes. There is a gap in the literature about any specific effect on rebuilding family relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 3","pages":"271-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autism spectrum disorder, extremism and risk assessment 自闭症谱系障碍、极端主义和风险评估。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2330

Clare S. Allely, Emma Jouenne, Alexander Westphal, Ekkehart Staufenberg, David Murphy

Background

To date, there is no evidence supporting the existence of an association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and extremism in the general population. However, there is increasing recognition that several features of ASD may provide the context of vulnerability to engage in extremist behaviour.

Aims

This paper sets out the case for a dedicated clinical approach to better integrate clinical risk appraisal processes with an assessment of ASD individuals' vulnerabilities within the Criminal Justice System.

Methods and Results

In this paper the Framework for the Assessment of Risk & Protection in Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum (FARAS): A Guide for Risk Assessors Working with Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum is explored. In developing the FARAS, Al-Attar proposed seven facets of ASD that ‘may have different functional links with push and pull factors to terrorism’ (p. 928), which include circumscribed interests; rich vivid fantasy and impaired social imagination; need for order, rules, rituals, routine and predictability; obsessionality, repetition and collecting; social interaction and communication difficulties; cognitive styles and Sensory processing.

Discussion and Conclusion

We describe the FARAS within the context of the most widely used clinical risk appraisal ‘aide memoire’ instruments integral to the Structured Professional Judgement of risk process, namely the HCR20v3.

背景：迄今为止，尚无证据支持自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）与普通人群中的极端主义之间存在关联。然而，越来越多的人认识到，自闭症的一些特征可能为从事极端主义行为的脆弱性提供了背景。目的：本文阐述了采用专门的临床方法将临床风险评估过程与刑事司法系统中对自闭症患者脆弱性的评估更好地结合起来的理由：在本文中，自闭症谱系罪犯风险与保护评估框架（FARAS）：方法：本文探讨了自闭症罪犯风险评估与保护框架（FARAS）：风险评估员工作指南。在制定 FARAS 时，Al-Attar 提出了自闭症的七个方面，这些方面 "可能与恐怖主义的推力和拉力因素有着不同的功能联系"（第 928 页），其中包括：被限制的兴趣；丰富生动的幻想和受损的社会想象力；对秩序、规则、仪式、常规和可预测性的需求；强迫性、重复和收集；社会交往和沟通困难；认知风格和感官处理：我们结合临床上最广泛使用的风险评估 "备忘录 "工具，即 HCR20v3，对 FARAS 进行了描述。

{"title":"Autism spectrum disorder, extremism and risk assessment","authors":"Clare S. Allely, Emma Jouenne, Alexander Westphal, Ekkehart Staufenberg, David Murphy","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To date, there is no evidence supporting the existence of an association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and extremism in the general population. However, there is increasing recognition that several features of ASD may provide the context of vulnerability to engage in extremist behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper sets out the case for a dedicated clinical approach to better integrate clinical risk appraisal processes with an assessment of ASD individuals' vulnerabilities within the Criminal Justice System.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper the Framework for the Assessment of Risk & Protection in Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum (FARAS): A Guide for Risk Assessors Working with Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum is explored. In developing the FARAS, Al-Attar proposed seven facets of ASD that ‘may have different functional links with push and pull factors to terrorism’ (p. 928), which include circumscribed interests; rich vivid fantasy and impaired social imagination; need for order, rules, rituals, routine and predictability; obsessionality, repetition and collecting; social interaction and communication difficulties; cognitive styles and Sensory processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the FARAS within the context of the most widely used clinical risk appraisal ‘aide memoire’ instruments integral to the Structured Professional Judgement of risk process, namely the HCR20v3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 2","pages":"182-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying mental disorders among perpetrators of mass murder–suicide: Methodological challenges and promising avenues for new research 研究大规模谋杀-自杀者的精神障碍：研究方法上的挑战和新研究的前景。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2323

Adam Lankford

Despite tremendous public and media interest in murder–suicide, scientific research that sheds new light on either the prevalence of mental disorders among perpetrators of mass murder–suicide or the role of mental disorders when they appear relevant has been rare. I outline several assumptions and challenges that may encumber scholarship in this area but also identify some promising avenues for future research. Greater scientific understanding of any associations between mental disorders and murder–suicide could lead to more evidence-based interventions that could help prevent these lethal attacks.

In recent decades, incidents of mass murder–suicide—including mass shootings and suicide terrorism—have received a great deal of attention from the public, the media and scholars. However, research that sheds new light on either the prevalence of mental disorders among these perpetrators or the role of mental disorders in their violent behaviour has been rare. This is partly evidenced in the review by Theodorou and colleagues (2024) in this issue of CBMH, which found only 60 qualifying studies on family, mass shooter and terrorist perpetrators combined. Below, I outline several assumptions and challenges that may encumber scholarship in this area and then identify some promising avenues for future research.

Although mental illness is sometimes used as an independent variable in studies of mass murder–suicide—along with other individual characteristics such as age, sex, race, employment status and criminal record—research that is specifically designed to generate better understanding of perpetrators' mental state is rare.

One reason may be the assumption that all perpetrators must have had mental disorders due to the extreme nature of their crimes. If this were true, there would not be much more value in documenting the presence of this variable than in studying how many perpetrators breathed air; in both cases, the results would be self-evident and known in advance. There is a long history in which other acts of mass violence—including genocide and terrorism—were assumed to be the product of mental illness and psychopathology, because most people could not imagine anyone would do such things unless they were ‘crazy’ (Lankford, 2008). However, as the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (2019) has wisely warned, it is not accurate that all ‘acts that seem incomprehensible to the average person are due to mental illness’ (pp. v–vi). Determining which deviant behaviours are commonly associated with mental disorders can only be determined through scientific inquiry.

The opposite assumption—that mental disorders are largely irrelevant to some types of mass murder–suicide (Atran, 2003; McCauley, 2002; Pape, 2005; Skeem & Mulvey, 2020)—may inhibit research as well. For those who adopt this perspective, the

虽然了解大规模枪杀者、自杀式恐怖分子和其他犯罪者中精神障碍的普遍程度是重要的第一步，但还需要进一步了解精神状态在极端暴力中的功能性作用。Theodorou 等人（2024 年）从文献中总结出一些主题，这些主题也可以影响未来的研究。反过来，这些信息可能会带来更多基于证据的干预措施，有助于预防这些致命的攻击。

{"title":"Studying mental disorders among perpetrators of mass murder–suicide: Methodological challenges and promising avenues for new research","authors":"Adam Lankford","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <i>Despite tremendous public and media interest in murder–suicide, scientific research that sheds new light on either the prevalence of mental disorders among perpetrators of mass murder–suicide or the role of mental disorders when they appear relevant has been rare. I outline several assumptions and challenges that may encumber scholarship in this area but also identify some promising avenues for future research. Greater scientific understanding of any associations between mental disorders and murder–suicide could lead to more evidence-based interventions that could help prevent these lethal attacks.</i>\u0000 </p><p>In recent decades, incidents of mass murder–suicide—including mass shootings and suicide terrorism—have received a great deal of attention from the public, the media and scholars. However, research that sheds new light on either the prevalence of mental disorders among these perpetrators or the role of mental disorders in their violent behaviour has been rare. This is partly evidenced in the review by Theodorou and colleagues (<span>2024</span>) in this issue of CBMH, which found only 60 qualifying studies on family, mass shooter and terrorist perpetrators combined. Below, I outline several assumptions and challenges that may encumber scholarship in this area and then identify some promising avenues for future research.</p><p>Although mental illness is sometimes used as an independent variable in studies of mass murder–suicide—along with other individual characteristics such as age, sex, race, employment status and criminal record—research that is specifically designed to generate better understanding of perpetrators' mental state is rare.</p><p>One reason may be the assumption that all perpetrators must have had mental disorders due to the extreme nature of their crimes. If this were true, there would not be much more value in documenting the presence of this variable than in studying how many perpetrators breathed air; in both cases, the results would be self-evident and known in advance. There is a long history in which other acts of mass violence—including genocide and terrorism—were assumed to be the product of mental illness and psychopathology, because most people could not imagine anyone would do such things unless they were ‘crazy’ (Lankford, <span>2008</span>). However, as the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (<span>2019</span>) has wisely warned, it is not accurate that all ‘acts that seem incomprehensible to the average person are due to mental illness’ (pp. v–vi). Determining which deviant behaviours are commonly associated with mental disorders can only be determined through scientific inquiry.</p><p>The opposite assumption—that mental disorders are largely irrelevant to some types of mass murder–suicide (Atran, <span>2003</span>; McCauley, <span>2002</span>; Pape, <span>2005</span>; Skeem & Mulvey, <span>2020</span>)—may inhibit research as well. For those who adopt this perspective, the","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Models of care in secure services for people with intellectual and developmental disability: Implementing the Walkway to Wellness 为智力和发育障碍人士提供安全服务的护理模式：实施健康之路。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2328

Iain McKinnon, Arman Iranpour, Anne Charlton, Ellen Green, Faye Groom, Oliver Watts, Dannielle McKenna, Simon Hackett

Background

Changes to policy around inpatient services for people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who offend, have led to a need for services to reconsider their models of care. This has led to calls for more tailored, patient-centred care models, with less reliance solely on offence-related treatment programmes which can be unsuitable for a growing proportion of patients with more complex cognitive and behavioural difficulties. In response, the Walkway to Wellness (W2W) was developed at one National Health Service Trust providing secure services to people with IDD, with the intention of delivering a more collaborative, co-produced and goal-oriented care model that was better understood by staff and patient stakeholders.

Aims

To evaluate the implementation of the W2W using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), an evidence-based theoretical approach is used across a number of health settings.

Methods

Staff were invited to complete a short questionnaire, using the NPT informed Normalisation Measure Development questionnaire, at two time points along the implementation process. Patients were invited to complete a simplified questionnaire. Both groups were asked for their views on the W2W and the process of its implementation.

Results

Although the W2W was more familiar to staff at the second time point, scores on the four NPT constructs showed a trend for it being less embedded in practice, with significant results concerning the ongoing appraisal of the new model. Patient views were mixed; some saw the benefit of more goal-oriented processes, but others considered it an additional chore hindering their own perceived goals.

Conclusion

Early involvement of all stakeholders is required to enhance the understanding of changes to models of care. Live feedback should be used to refine and revise the model to meet the needs of patients, carers and staff members.

背景：针对智力和发育障碍（IDD）罪犯的住院服务政策发生了变化，导致服务机构需要重新考虑其护理模式。这就要求提供更加量身定制、以患者为中心的护理模式，减少对与犯罪相关的治疗方案的依赖，因为这些方案可能不适合越来越多有复杂认知和行为障碍的患者。为此，一家为智障人士提供安全服务的国民健康服务信托机构开发了 "通往健康之路"（Walkway to Wellness，W2W），旨在提供一种更具协作性、共同生产和目标导向的护理模式，使员工和患者利益相关者更好地理解这种模式：方法：在实施过程中的两个时间点，邀请工作人员填写一份简短的问卷，问卷中使用了 NPT 的规范化测量发展问卷。邀请患者填写简化问卷。我们询问了两组患者对 W2W 及其实施过程的看法：结果：尽管在第二个时间点，员工对 W2W 更为熟悉，但对四个 NPT 构建要素的评分显示，W2W 在实践中的嵌入程度呈下降趋势，其中关于新模式的持续评估结果显著。患者的意见不一；有些人认为更注重目标的过程有好处，但其他人则认为这是一项额外的琐事，会阻碍他们实现自己的目标：结论：需要所有利益相关者的早期参与，以加强对护理模式变化的理解。应利用实时反馈来完善和修改护理模式，以满足患者、护理人员和工作人员的需求。

{"title":"Models of care in secure services for people with intellectual and developmental disability: Implementing the Walkway to Wellness","authors":"Iain McKinnon, Arman Iranpour, Anne Charlton, Ellen Green, Faye Groom, Oliver Watts, Dannielle McKenna, Simon Hackett","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2328","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2328","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes to policy around inpatient services for people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who offend, have led to a need for services to reconsider their models of care. This has led to calls for more tailored, patient-centred care models, with less reliance solely on offence-related treatment programmes which can be unsuitable for a growing proportion of patients with more complex cognitive and behavioural difficulties. In response, the Walkway to Wellness (W2W) was developed at one National Health Service Trust providing secure services to people with IDD, with the intention of delivering a more collaborative, co-produced and goal-oriented care model that was better understood by staff and patient stakeholders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the implementation of the W2W using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), an evidence-based theoretical approach is used across a number of health settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Staff were invited to complete a short questionnaire, using the NPT informed Normalisation Measure Development questionnaire, at two time points along the implementation process. Patients were invited to complete a simplified questionnaire. Both groups were asked for their views on the W2W and the process of its implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the W2W was more familiar to staff at the second time point, scores on the four NPT constructs showed a trend for it being less embedded in practice, with significant results concerning the ongoing appraisal of the new model. Patient views were mixed; some saw the benefit of more goal-oriented processes, but others considered it an additional chore hindering their own perceived goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early involvement of all stakeholders is required to enhance the understanding of changes to models of care. Live feedback should be used to refine and revise the model to meet the needs of patients, carers and staff members.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 2","pages":"144-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario's criminal justice and forensic mental health systems: Using data to tell the story 安大略省刑事司法和法医心理健康系统中的智力和发育障碍问题：用数据说话。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2331

Yona Lunsky, Flora I. Matheson, Fiona Kouyoumdjian, Lisa Whittingham, Elizabeth Lin, Anna Durbin, Andrew Calzavara, Andrea Moser, Parisa Dastoori, Frank Sirotich, Tiziana Volpe

Background

International studies show that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems; however, it is difficult to capture their involvement across systems in any one jurisdiction.

Aims

The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDD across different parts of the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems in Ontario and to describe the demographic and clinical profiles of these individuals relative to their counterparts without IDD.

Methods

This project utilised administrative data to identify and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with IDD and criminal justice or forensic involvement across four sectors: federal correctional facilities, provincial correctional facilities, forensic inpatient mental health care and community mental health programmes. Questions were driven by and results were contextualised by a project advisory group and people with lived experience from the different sectors studied, resulting in a series of recommendations.

Results

Adults with IDD were over-represented in each of the four settings, ranging from 2.1% in federal corrections to 16.7% in forensic inpatient care. Between 20% (forensic inpatient) and 38.4% (provincial corrections) were under the age of 25 and between 34.5% (forensic inpatient) and 41.8% (provincial corrections) resided in the lowest income neighbourhoods. Medical complexity and rates of co-occurring mental health conditions were higher for people with IDD than those without IDD in federal and provincial corrections.

Conclusions

Establishing a population-based understanding of people with IDD within these sectors is an essential first step towards understanding and addressing service and care needs. Building on the perspectives of people who work in and use these systems, this paper concludes with intervention recommendations before, during and after justice involvement.

背景：国际研究表明，有智力和发育障碍的成年人在刑事司法和法医精神卫生系统中的比例过高；然而，很难在任何一个司法管辖区的各个系统中掌握他们的参与情况。目的：本研究旨在估算安大略省刑事司法和法医精神卫生系统不同部门中智力和发育障碍的患病率，并描述这些人相对于没有智力和发育障碍的人的人口和临床特征：该项目利用管理数据来识别和描述患有 IDD 并涉及刑事司法或法医的成年人的人口统计学和临床特征，这些数据涉及四个部门：联邦教养机构、省级教养机构、法医住院精神健康护理和社区精神健康计划。项目咨询小组和来自所研究的不同部门、具有生活经验的人士对问题进行了深入探讨，并对结果进行了背景分析，最终提出了一系列建议：在这四种环境中，患有 IDD 的成人所占比例都很高，从联邦教养院的 2.1%到法医住院护理的 16.7%不等。20%（法医住院患者）和38.4%（省级教养所）的患者年龄在25岁以下，34.5%（法医住院患者）和41.8%（省级教养所）的患者居住在收入最低的社区。在联邦和省级教养机构中，IDD患者的医疗复杂性和并发精神疾病的比例高于非IDD患者：对这些部门中的 IDD 患者建立基于人群的了解，是了解和满足服务与护理需求的重要第一步。基于在这些系统中工作和使用这些系统的人的观点，本文最后提出了在司法介入之前、期间和之后的干预建议。

{"title":"Intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario's criminal justice and forensic mental health systems: Using data to tell the story","authors":"Yona Lunsky, Flora I. Matheson, Fiona Kouyoumdjian, Lisa Whittingham, Elizabeth Lin, Anna Durbin, Andrew Calzavara, Andrea Moser, Parisa Dastoori, Frank Sirotich, Tiziana Volpe","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2331","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2331","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>International studies show that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems; however, it is difficult to capture their involvement across systems in any one jurisdiction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDD across different parts of the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems in Ontario and to describe the demographic and clinical profiles of these individuals relative to their counterparts without IDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This project utilised administrative data to identify and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with IDD and criminal justice or forensic involvement across four sectors: federal correctional facilities, provincial correctional facilities, forensic inpatient mental health care and community mental health programmes. Questions were driven by and results were contextualised by a project advisory group and people with lived experience from the different sectors studied, resulting in a series of recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults with IDD were over-represented in each of the four settings, ranging from 2.1% in federal corrections to 16.7% in forensic inpatient care. Between 20% (forensic inpatient) and 38.4% (provincial corrections) were under the age of 25 and between 34.5% (forensic inpatient) and 41.8% (provincial corrections) resided in the lowest income neighbourhoods. Medical complexity and rates of co-occurring mental health conditions were higher for people with IDD than those without IDD in federal and provincial corrections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Establishing a population-based understanding of people with IDD within these sectors is an essential first step towards understanding and addressing service and care needs. Building on the perspectives of people who work in and use these systems, this paper concludes with intervention recommendations before, during and after justice involvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 2","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure 西澳大利亚州被判处拘禁的青少年的神经心理学特征，有无产前酒精接触。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2329

Jed Kerry, Grace Kuen Yee Tan, Kirsten R. Panton, Raewyn Mutch, Jacinta Freeman, Hayley Passmore, Carmela F. Pestell

Background/Aims

Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under-recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE-group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests.

Methods

Participants included 85 young people sentenced to detention (mean 15.7 years, 78 males), 46 with PAE. A one-way-multivariate analysis of variance tested differences in neuropsychological functioning between PAE/No-PAE groups, while logistic regression determined tests predictive of PAE.

Results

No statistically significant difference in test scores emerged between groups, and regression was not indicative of any models predictive of PAE-group membership. Neuropsychological profiles were characterised by both strengths and weaknesses, with lower verbal and mathematical skills.

Conclusion(s)

While no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, the results provided a unique insight into the neurocognitive profile of Australian youth in detention. Routine screening assessments were recommended for young people sentenced to detention.

背景/目的：司法系统对产前酒精暴露（PAE）青少年的认识不足，因此需要提高识别能力。本研究旨在比较存在和不存在 PAE 的青少年的神经心理学特征，并确定可预测 PAE 群体成员的神经心理学任务。研究假设，患有 PAE 的参与者在神经心理学测试中的得分会明显较低：参与者包括 85 名被判处拘留的青少年（平均 15.7 岁，78 名男性），其中 46 名患有 PAE。单向多元方差分析测试了 PAE/No-PAE组之间神经心理功能的差异，而逻辑回归则确定了预测PAE的测试：结果：各组之间的测试得分没有明显的统计学差异，回归结果也没有显示任何可预测 PAE 组别成员的模型。神经心理学特征既有优点也有缺点，语言和数学能力较低：虽然各组之间没有发现明显的统计学差异，但研究结果为了解澳大利亚被拘留青少年的神经认知概况提供了独特的视角。建议对被判处拘留的青少年进行常规筛查评估。

{"title":"Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure","authors":"Jed Kerry, Grace Kuen Yee Tan, Kirsten R. Panton, Raewyn Mutch, Jacinta Freeman, Hayley Passmore, Carmela F. Pestell","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2329","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2329","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under-recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE-group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants included 85 young people sentenced to detention (mean 15.7 years, 78 males), 46 with PAE. A one-way-multivariate analysis of variance tested differences in neuropsychological functioning between PAE/No-PAE groups, while logistic regression determined tests predictive of PAE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant difference in test scores emerged between groups, and regression was not indicative of any models predictive of PAE-group membership. Neuropsychological profiles were characterised by both strengths and weaknesses, with lower verbal and mathematical skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion(s)</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, the results provided a unique insight into the neurocognitive profile of Australian youth in detention. Routine screening assessments were recommended for young people sentenced to detention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 2","pages":"163-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of literature on homicide followed by suicide and mental state of perpetrators 对有关杀人后自杀和肇事者精神状态的文献进行系统回顾。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2322

Alexis Theodorou, Helen Sinclair, Saima Ali, Seema Sukhwal, Christopher Bassett, Heidi Hales

Background

Homicide followed by suicide is rare, devastating and perpetrated worldwide. It is commonly assumed that the perpetrator had a mental disorder, raising concomitant questions about prevention. Though events have been reported, there has been no previous systematic review of the mental health of perpetrators.

Aims

Our aims were twofold. First, to identify whether there are recognisable subgroups of homicide–suicides in published literature and, secondly, to investigate the relationship between perpetrator mental state and aspects of the incident.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published literature on studies of homicide followed within 24 h by suicide or serious suicide attempt that included measures of perpetrator mental state.

Results

Sixty studies were identified, most from North America or Europe. Methodologically, studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. They fell into three main groups: family, mass shooter, and terrorist with an additional small mixed group. There was evidence of mental illness in a minority of perpetrators; its absence in the remainder was only partially evidenced. There was no clear association between any specific mental illness and homicide–suicide type, although depression was most cited. Social role disjunction, motive, substance misuse and relevant risk or threat behaviours were themes identified across all groups. Pre-established ideology was relevant in the mass shooter and terrorism groups. Prior trauma history was notable in the terrorist group.

Conclusion

Research data were necessarily collected post-incident and in most cases without a standardised approach, so findings must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, they suggest at least some preventive role for mental health professionals. Those presenting to services with depression, suicidal ideation, relationship difficulties and actual, or perceived, changes in social position or role would merit detailed, supportive assessment over time.

背景：杀人后自杀的情况十分罕见，但却具有毁灭性，而且在世界各地都有发生。人们通常假定行凶者有精神障碍，这就提出了预防方面的问题。虽然已有相关事件的报道，但此前并没有对行凶者的精神健康状况进行过系统的研究。首先，在已发表的文献中确定是否存在可识别的杀人自杀亚群；其次，调查行凶者的精神状态与事件各个方面之间的关系：我们对已发表的关于杀人后 24 小时内自杀或严重自杀未遂的研究文献进行了系统性回顾，其中包括对行凶者精神状态的测量：结果：共确定了 60 项研究，其中大部分来自北美或欧洲。从方法学角度来看，这些研究过于分散，无法进行荟萃分析。这些研究主要分为三组：家庭组、大规模枪手组和恐怖分子组，另外还有一小部分混合组。有证据表明，少数肇事者患有精神疾病；其余的肇事者只有部分患有精神疾病。任何特定的精神疾病与杀人-自杀类型之间都没有明显的联系，但抑郁症是最常被提及的。社会角色脱节、动机、药物滥用和相关的风险或威胁行为是所有群体都确定的主题。预先建立的意识形态与大规模枪杀和恐怖主义群体有关。结论：研究数据必须在事件发生后收集：研究数据必须在事件发生后收集，而且在大多数情况下没有采用标准化方法，因此必须谨慎解释研究结果。尽管如此，研究结果表明心理健康专业人员至少可以起到一定的预防作用。那些因抑郁、自杀念头、人际关系困难以及社会地位或角色的实际或感知变化而求助心理健康服务机构的人，值得长期进行详细的支持性评估。

{"title":"A systematic review of literature on homicide followed by suicide and mental state of perpetrators","authors":"Alexis Theodorou, Helen Sinclair, Saima Ali, Seema Sukhwal, Christopher Bassett, Heidi Hales","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2322","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2322","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homicide followed by suicide is rare, devastating and perpetrated worldwide. It is commonly assumed that the perpetrator had a mental disorder, raising concomitant questions about prevention. Though events have been reported, there has been no previous systematic review of the mental health of perpetrators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our aims were twofold. First, to identify whether there are recognisable subgroups of homicide–suicides in published literature and, secondly, to investigate the relationship between perpetrator mental state and aspects of the incident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of published literature on studies of homicide followed within 24 h by suicide or serious suicide attempt that included measures of perpetrator mental state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty studies were identified, most from North America or Europe. Methodologically, studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. They fell into three main groups: family, mass shooter, and terrorist with an additional small mixed group. There was evidence of mental illness in a minority of perpetrators; its absence in the remainder was only partially evidenced. There was no clear association between any specific mental illness and homicide–suicide type, although depression was most cited. Social role disjunction, motive, substance misuse and relevant risk or threat behaviours were themes identified across all groups. Pre-established ideology was relevant in the mass shooter and terrorism groups. Prior trauma history was notable in the terrorist group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research data were necessarily collected post-incident and in most cases without a standardised approach, so findings must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, they suggest at least some preventive role for mental health professionals. Those presenting to services with depression, suicidal ideation, relationship difficulties and actual, or perceived, changes in social position or role would merit detailed, supportive assessment over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"10-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity mediates the relationships between ‘Dark Triad’ traits and cyberbullying perpetration 功能性和功能失调性冲动是 "黑暗三合会 "特征与网络欺凌行为之间关系的中介。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2321

Miriam Sang-Ah Park, Joël Billieux, Sanjana Raj, Mei Chee Lee, Dianne Shaneeta Geoffrey, Filip Nuyens

Background

Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation have been associated with psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. Prior studies have shown that the ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are associated with greater likelihood of perpetration, yet there is a research gap regarding potential mediators of this relationship.

Aims

To test whether functional and dysfunctional impulsivity act as mediators between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying perpetration.

Methods

A cross-sectional online study was conducted, in which a sample of 141 university students (63% male) from Malaysia were recruited by online and local poster advertising inviting them to complete a questionnaire containing a series of psychometric scales, including measures of ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits, impulsivity and cyberbullying perpetration.

Results

A relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and higher psychopathy scale scores was mediated by dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity. The relationship between cyberbullying and narcissism scores was not mediated by impulsivity. Higher Machiavellianism scores were similarly associated with cyberbullying, but there was no correlation at all between Machiavellianism and impulsivity scores.

Conclusion

Our findings add to the literature by showing that not only Dark Triad scale scores are associated with cyberbullying, but that difficulty in refraining from or controlling impulsive behaviours (dysfunctional impulsivity) may be a key component in this relationship. Given that our sample was of generally well-functioning people, our findings may not extend to those with serious cyberbullying problems. Yet, they provide avenues for identifying people at risk of such behaviours before problems become well-established and call for more nuanced approaches towards understanding and intervening with problematic cyberbullying.

背景：网络欺凌的实施和受害与心理困扰（包括抑郁和自杀倾向）有关。先前的研究表明，"黑暗三合会 "人格特质（自恋、马基雅维利主义和心理变态）与更大的犯罪可能性相关，但关于这种关系的潜在中介因素的研究还存在空白。目的：测试功能性冲动和功能障碍冲动是否是 "黑暗三合会 "人格特质与网络欺凌犯罪之间的中介因素：方法：我们进行了一项横断面在线研究，通过在线和本地海报广告招募了马来西亚的141名大学生（63%为男性），邀请他们填写一份包含一系列心理测量量表的调查问卷，其中包括 "黑暗三合会 "人格特质、冲动性和网络欺凌行为的测量：网络欺凌行为与较高的心理变态量表得分之间的关系是由功能障碍而非功能性冲动所中介的。网络欺凌与自恋评分之间的关系不以冲动为中介。较高的马基雅维利主义得分同样与网络欺凌有关，但马基雅维利主义与冲动性得分之间没有任何相关性：我们的研究结果表明，不仅 "黑暗三联征 "量表得分与网络欺凌有关，而且难以克制或控制冲动行为（机能障碍性冲动）也可能是这种关系的关键因素，从而为相关文献增添了新的内容。鉴于我们的样本是一般功能良好的人，我们的研究结果可能不会延伸到那些有严重网络欺凌问题的人。然而，这些研究结果为在问题形成之前识别有此类行为风险的人群提供了途径，并呼吁采取更细致的方法来理解和干预有问题的网络欺凌行为。

{"title":"Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity mediates the relationships between ‘Dark Triad’ traits and cyberbullying perpetration","authors":"Miriam Sang-Ah Park, Joël Billieux, Sanjana Raj, Mei Chee Lee, Dianne Shaneeta Geoffrey, Filip Nuyens","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2321","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation have been associated with psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. Prior studies have shown that the ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are associated with greater likelihood of perpetration, yet there is a research gap regarding potential mediators of this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To test whether functional and dysfunctional impulsivity act as mediators between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying perpetration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional online study was conducted, in which a sample of 141 university students (63% male) from Malaysia were recruited by online and local poster advertising inviting them to complete a questionnaire containing a series of psychometric scales, including measures of ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits, impulsivity and cyberbullying perpetration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and higher psychopathy scale scores was mediated by dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity. The relationship between cyberbullying and narcissism scores was not mediated by impulsivity. Higher Machiavellianism scores were similarly associated with cyberbullying, but there was no correlation at all between Machiavellianism and impulsivity scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings add to the literature by showing that not only Dark Triad scale scores are associated with cyberbullying, but that difficulty in refraining from or controlling impulsive behaviours (dysfunctional impulsivity) may be a key component in this relationship. Given that our sample was of generally well-functioning people, our findings may not extend to those with serious cyberbullying problems. Yet, they provide avenues for identifying people at risk of such behaviours before problems become well-established and call for more nuanced approaches towards understanding and intervening with problematic cyberbullying.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbm.2321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀

微信

客服QQ

扫码关注我们

反馈

Book学术文献互助群
群号：604180095

文献互助智能选刊最新文献互助须知联系我们：info@booksci.cn

Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。