Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health最新文献_第6页

A realist evaluation of an enhanced court-based liaison and diversion service for defendants with neurodevelopmental disorders 为患有神经发育障碍的被告提供强化法庭联络和分流服务的现实主义评估。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2315

Eddie Chaplin, Jane McCarthy, Karina Marshall-Tate, Salma Ali, Denise Harvey, Jessica Childs, Kiriakos Xenitidis, Samir Srivastava, Iain McKinnon, Louise Robinson, Clare S. Allely, Sally Hardy, Andrew Forrester

Background

In England, court-based mental health liaison and diversion (L&D) services work across courts and police stations to support those with severe mental illness and other vulnerabilities. However, the evidence around how such services support those with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) is limited.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate, through the lens of court and clinical staff, the introduction of a L&D service for defendants with NDs, designed to complement the existing L&D service.

Methods

A realist evaluation was undertaken involving multiple agencies based within an inner-city Magistrates' Court in London, England. We developed a logic model based on the initial programme theory focusing on component parts of the new enhanced service, specifically training, screening, signposting and interventions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the court staff, judiciary and clinicians from the L&D service.

Results

The L&D service for defendants with NDs was successful in identifying and supporting the needs of those defendants. Benefits of this service included knowledge sharing, awareness raising and promoting good practice such as making reasonable adjustments. However, there were challenges for the court practitioners and clinicians in finding and accessing local specialist community services.

Conclusion

A L&D service developed for defendants with NDs is feasible and beneficial to staff and clinicians who worked in the court setting leading to good practice being in place for the defendants. Going forward, a local care pathway would need to be agreed between commissioners and stakeholders including the judiciary to ensure timely and equitable access to local services by both defendants and practitioners working across diversion services for individuals with NDs.

背景：在英格兰，基于法院的心理健康联络和分流（L&D）服务在法院和警察局开展工作，为那些患有严重精神疾病和其他脆弱性的人提供支持。然而，关于此类服务如何支持神经发育障碍患者的证据有限。目的：本研究旨在通过法庭和临床工作人员的视角，评估为患有NDs的被告引入L&D服务的情况，该服务旨在补充现有的L&D服务。方法：对英国伦敦市中心治安法院内的多个机构进行了现实主义评估。我们根据最初的方案理论开发了一个逻辑模型，重点关注新的强化服务的组成部分，特别是培训、筛查、路标和干预措施。我们对法庭工作人员、司法人员和法律与发展服务的临床医生进行了半结构化采访。结果：为患有NDs的被告提供的L&D服务成功地确定并支持了这些被告的需求。这项服务的好处包括分享知识、提高认识和推广良好做法，如进行合理调整。然而，法院从业者和临床医生在寻找和获得当地专业社区服务方面面临挑战。结论：为患有NDs的被告开发的L&D服务是可行的，对在法庭环境中工作的工作人员和临床医生有益，从而为被告提供良好的实践。今后，委员和包括司法机构在内的利益相关者需要就当地护理途径达成一致，以确保被告和为NDs患者提供分流服务的从业者及时、公平地获得当地服务。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version among young people in South Africa and the relationship of high scale scores to reported offending or similar deviant behaviour 南非年轻人青少年精神病特征量表简版的心理测量特性评估，以及高分与报告的冒犯或类似越轨行为的关系。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2317

Leon Holtzhausen, Emma Campbell

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>While there is empirical evidence to support associations between psychopathy scale ratings and offending or deviant behaviours, suggested as support for a unified theory of crime, evidence to date has been mainly from countries with high economic ratings and Western philosophies. In countries with a wide range of cultural groups and languages and a complex history of colonisation and apartheid, such scale ratings and correlations may differ.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>To explore the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S) and its applicability and relationship to deviant and actual or potential criminal behaviour among young adults in South Africa.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>18- to 20-year-olds from poor socio-economic backgrounds were recruited by a fieldworker with an existing relationship with community-based youth centres. Consenting participants completed the Deviant Behaviour Variety Scale, reflecting criminal or similar behaviours in the 12 months prior to rating and the YPI-S. Reliability measurements, principal factor analysis, Spearman's Rho correlations, chi square and multiple regression were used to explore performance of the YPI-S in this sample and relationship of YPI-S scores to deviancy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Of the 213 participants recruited, 176 completed all data points and were entered into analyses. The YPI-S was found to have generally good psychometric properties; however, in factor analysis, while items mapped well into an emotional subscale and quite well into an interpersonal scale, as in the original, behavioural items did not. Emotional, interpersonal and total YPI-S scores were significantly associated with reported deviant behaviour scores.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The findings of this study suggest value in using the YPI-S with young people in South Africa to help identify those vulnerable to committing criminal acts. Among these disadvantaged young people, however, caution should be used in interpreting scores on its behavioural dimension. It is interesting that the emotional dimension, which incorporates perhaps the most personal features such as ‘callous and unemotional traits’ (albeit probably better considered as difficulty in recognising emotions in others), seemed most robust, suggesting that there may be core problems in a pathway to crime

背景：虽然有经验证据支持精神病量表评分与犯罪或越轨行为之间的联系，这被认为是对统一犯罪理论的支持，但迄今为止的证据主要来自经济评分高的国家和西方哲学。在文化群体和语言广泛、殖民主义和种族隔离历史复杂的国家，这种评分和相关性可能有所不同。目的：探讨青年精神病特征量表简版（YPI-S）的心理测量特性及其在南非年轻人中的异常行为、实际或潜在犯罪行为的适用性和关系。方法：由一名与社区青年中心有关系的实地工作者招募来自贫困社会经济背景的18至20岁的青少年。同意的参与者完成了偏离行为多样性量表，反映了评级前12个月内的犯罪或类似行为以及YPI-S。使用可靠性测量、主因子分析、Spearman Rho相关性、卡方和多元回归来探讨YPI-s在该样本中的表现以及YPI-s得分与偏差的关系。结果：在招募的213名参与者中，176人完成了所有数据点并进入分析。YPI-S被发现具有普遍良好的心理测量特性；然而，在因子分析中，虽然项目很好地映射到情绪分量表中，也很好地反映到人际关系量表中，但在最初的分析中，行为项目没有。情绪、人际关系和YPI-S总分与报告的异常行为得分显著相关。结论：这项研究的结果表明，在南非年轻人中使用YPI-S有助于识别那些容易犯下犯罪行为的人。然而，在这些处境不利的年轻人中，在解释行为层面的分数时应谨慎。有趣的是，情感维度可能包含了最具个人特征，如“冷酷无情的特质”（尽管可能被更好地认为是难以识别他人的情绪），似乎最为强大，这表明犯罪途径或犯罪理论可能存在超越文化的核心问题。这种可能性可能会通过个人干预得到补救，并将从进一步的调查中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Psychopathology and history of mental healthcare among male detainees transferred to a facility for managing otherwise uncontrollable in-prison violence: An exploratory study 被转移到监狱暴力管理机构的男性被拘留者的心理病理学和心理健康史：一项探索性研究。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2316

Ellen van der Vorst, Niki C. Kuin, Vere van Koppen, Joke M. Harte

Background

In-prison violence by detainees is a problem worldwide, but despite evidence of a much higher prevalence of a range of psychiatric disorders than in the general population, little is known about psychopathology among violent detainees.

Aims

Our aim was to explore the psychopathology and mental healthcare history of Dutch detainees who were transferred to the highly restrictive facility for uncontrollably violent detainees following severe in-prison violence.

Methods

Anonymised data for all 253 male detainees incarcerated at any time between January 2016 and January 2020 in the specialist national facility for those seriously violent while in prison—‘the Violence Facility’—were obtained from the Dutch Ministry of Justice together with similarly recorded data for a matched comparison group of 253 detainees admitted to an in-prison psychiatric facility—‘the Psychiatric Facility’.

Results

There was no record of any psychiatric assessment for 29% of the Violence Facility men. Almost all of the detainees who had been assessed were classified with at least one disorder. Compared to detainees in the Psychiatric Facility, Violence Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, behavioural and personality disorders; Psychiatric Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis or substance use disorder. Most men in both groups had previously used mental health services.

Conclusions

This first study of detainees in the Dutch in-prison facility for violent detainees raises questions about whether the extent of violence among these men may have masked mental healthcare needs and leads to questions about potential benefits from establishing more systematic mental health assessments for them, and a need for more specialist services.

背景：被拘留者在监狱中的暴力行为是世界范围内的一个问题，但尽管有证据表明一系列精神障碍的患病率比普通人群高得多，但人们对暴力被拘留者的精神病理学知之甚少。目的：我们的目的是探索荷兰被拘留者的精神病理学和心理健康史，这些被拘留者在严重的监狱暴力事件后被转移到高度限制的暴力拘留所。方法：从荷兰司法部获得了2016年1月至2020年1月期间，所有253名男性被拘留者的匿名数据，这些被拘留者在狱中严重暴力的国家专门设施“暴力设施”中被监禁，同时还获得了253名被监禁者的类似记录数据结果：29%的暴力设施男性没有任何精神病评估记录。几乎所有接受评估的被拘留者都至少患有一种精神障碍。与精神病院的被拘留者相比，暴力病院的男子更有可能被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍、焦虑、行为和人格障碍；精神病院的男性更有可能被诊断为精神病或物质使用障碍。这两组中的大多数男性以前都使用过心理健康服务。结论：这项针对荷兰暴力被拘留者监狱中被拘留者的首次研究提出了这样一个问题，即这些人的暴力程度是否可能有掩盖的心理健康需求，并提出了为他们建立更系统的心理健康评估的潜在好处，以及是否需要更多的专业服务。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry 对法医精神病学本科教育和教学的批判性回顾。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2314

Leila Sharda, Karen Wright

Background

Although forensic psychiatry is recognised as a full medical speciality in the UK, training in it is not routinely offered to medical students. With growth both in forensic psychiatry and availability of medical school places, it is a good time to explore the nature and quality of experience already available.

Aims

1. To map the literature against the guideline for reporting evidence-based practice educational interventions and teaching checklist. 2. To critically review research and scholarship. 3. To identify gaps in evidence-based education for medical students in forensic psychiatry.

Method

A systematic search of three bibliographic databases from inception to December 2021 was undertaken using keywords related to medical students and forensic psychiatry between December 2021 and March 2022. The search was supplemented by citation and hand searching.

Results

Eight articles were identified. Collectively, they suggest that education and teaching were implemented at a local level and not linked to theories of learning. Exposure to forensic psychiatry stimulated positive attitudes, which amplified interest in psychiatry. There was insufficient evidence to determine optimal undergraduate education and teaching practice in forensic psychiatry.

Conclusions

Forensic psychiatry appears to have much to offer the medical undergraduate as part of core learning in psychiatry, including universal skills and knowledge such as ethical decision-making and handling emotions. There appears to be considerable opportunity for education, teaching and research innovation in undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry. Interesting areas for development include simulated and coproduced education.

背景：尽管法医精神病学在英国被公认为一门完整的医学专业，但医学生并不经常接受这方面的培训。随着法医精神病学的发展和医学院名额的增加，现在是探索现有经验的性质和质量的好时机。目标：1。对照循证实践教育干预和教学检查表报告指南绘制文献。2.批判性地回顾研究和学术。3.找出法医精神病学医学生循证教育的差距。方法：在2021年12月至2022年3月期间，使用与医学生和法医精神病学相关的关键词，对从成立到2021年12月份的三个书目数据库进行了系统搜索。检索以引文和手工检索为补充。结果：共鉴定出8篇文章。总的来说，他们认为教育和教学是在地方一级实施的，与学习理论无关。接触法医精神病学激发了积极的态度，从而增强了人们对精神病学的兴趣。没有足够的证据来确定法医精神病学的最佳本科教育和教学实践。结论：作为精神病学核心学习的一部分，法医精神病学似乎为医学本科生提供了很多东西，包括普遍的技能和知识，如道德决策和处理情绪。在法医精神病学的本科教育和教学中，似乎有相当大的机会进行教育、教学和研究创新。有趣的发展领域包括模拟教育和联合制作教育。

{"title":"A critical review of undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry","authors":"Leila Sharda, Karen Wright","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although forensic psychiatry is recognised as a full medical speciality in the UK, training in it is not routinely offered to medical students. With growth both in forensic psychiatry and availability of medical school places, it is a good time to explore the nature and quality of experience already available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1. To map the literature against the guideline for reporting evidence-based practice educational interventions and teaching checklist. 2. To critically review research and scholarship. 3. To identify gaps in evidence-based education for medical students in forensic psychiatry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of three bibliographic databases from inception to December 2021 was undertaken using keywords related to medical students and forensic psychiatry between December 2021 and March 2022. The search was supplemented by citation and hand searching.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight articles were identified. Collectively, they suggest that education and teaching were implemented at a local level and not linked to theories of learning. Exposure to forensic psychiatry stimulated positive attitudes, which amplified interest in psychiatry. There was insufficient evidence to determine optimal undergraduate education and teaching practice in forensic psychiatry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forensic psychiatry appears to have much to offer the medical undergraduate as part of core learning in psychiatry, including universal skills and knowledge such as ethical decision-making and handling emotions. There appears to be considerable opportunity for education, teaching and research innovation in undergraduate education and teaching in forensic psychiatry. Interesting areas for development include simulated and coproduced education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"33 6","pages":"401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CBMH issue 5, volume 33 highlights CBMH第5期，第33卷集锦。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2313

Pamela J Taylor

引用次数: 0

Mental health outcomes for those who have offended and have been given a Mental Health Treatment Requirement as part of a Community Order in England and Wales 作为英格兰和威尔士社区令的一部分，那些被冒犯并被给予心理健康治疗要求的人的心理健康结果。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2312

Matthew Callender, Greta Arancia Sanna, Kathryn Cahalin

Background

Growing evidence of mental disorders among people going through the criminal justice system suggests the potential benefit of courts adding a Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) when sentencing an offender to a Community Order (sentence) in England and Wales. Although available since 2003, MHTRs have not been widely used, and there is little evidence on outcomes.

Aim

To conduct the first large-scale evaluation of mental health outcomes of people with an MHTR as part of their community sentence across multiple sites in England and Wales.

Methods

Data were collected from 14 sites in England and Wales about individuals who were given an MHTR as part of a community sentence. They were assessed before and after this. During the MHTR, they received a psychotherapeutic intervention by assistant psychologists in a primary care framework. Measures of psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) were completed before the MHTR was implemented and after completion.

Results

Where paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests were used, with samples ranging between 309 and 447 individuals, clinically significant changes were obtained for all measures. Most individuals (63%) were identified as experiencing a reliable change in at least two out of the three scales. Finally, a negative linear relationship, between measures at the start of the intervention and reliable change, was identified with higher pre-measures, indicating that more initial distress, anxiety and/or depression were associated with more sizeable changes.

Conclusions

This paper provides the first substantial evidence in support of the MHTR within a primary mental healthcare framework as an effective pathway to reduce mental health problems among individuals under probation supervision as part of a sentence after conviction for a criminal offence. This supports the expansion of the provision across England and Wales. Future research should take account of the non-completers and explore the relationship between the MHTR, mental health improvements and reoffending.

背景：越来越多的证据表明，在英格兰和威尔士，通过刑事司法系统的人中存在精神障碍，这表明法院在对罪犯判处社区令时增加精神健康治疗要求（MHTR）的潜在好处。尽管MHTR自2003年以来一直可用，但尚未得到广泛使用，而且几乎没有关于结果的证据。目的：在英格兰和威尔士的多个地点对作为社区判决一部分的MHTR患者的心理健康结果进行首次大规模评估。在此之前和之后对其进行了评估。在MHTR期间，他们在初级保健框架内接受了助理心理学家的心理治疗干预。在实施MHTR之前和完成之后，完成心理困扰（常规评估结果测量中的临床结果）、焦虑（广泛性焦虑障碍-7）和抑郁（患者健康问卷）的测量。结果：在使用配对样本t检验和Wilcoxon符号排序检验的情况下，样本范围在309至447人之间，所有测量都获得了临床显著变化。大多数个体（63%）在三个量表中至少有两个量表出现了可靠的变化。最后，干预开始时的测量值和可靠的变化之间存在负线性关系，预测量值越高，表明更多的初始痛苦、焦虑和/或抑郁与更大的变化相关。结论：本文提供了第一个实质性证据，支持在初级心理健康框架内实施MHTR，作为减少缓刑监督下个人心理健康问题的有效途径，作为刑事犯罪定罪后判刑的一部分。这支持在英格兰和威尔士扩大这一规定。未来的研究应该考虑到未完成者，并探索MHTR、心理健康改善和再犯之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Response to Donnir, G. M., & Asare-Doku, W. (2023). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among sentenced prisoners in a medium security prison in Ghana: Implications for mental health assessment and service 对Donnir，G.M.和Asare Doku，W.的回应（2023）。加纳一所中等安全级别监狱中被判刑囚犯的精神障碍患病率：对心理健康评估和服务的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2311

LienChung Wei

引用次数: 0

Psychological screening service for men newly admitted to an Italian prison: Preliminary clinical outcome analysis after 1 year of clinical activity 意大利监狱新收监男子的心理筛查服务：临床活动一年后的初步临床结果分析。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2310

Lorenzo Pelizza, Enrico Rossi, Ursula Zambelli, Elisa Violante, Melania Scarci, Elena Mammone, Adriana Adriani, Simona Pupo, Giuseppina Paulillo, Pietro Pellegrini

Background

Screening for mental disorders among prisoners is crucial for early detection and intervention of psychopathology and substance use disorders. In Italy, only a minority of prisons have implemented a structured screening process, and there is not yet a standard approach to this worldwide.

Aims

First, to describe a systematic psychological screening for early identification of mental disorder, including drug use disorders, and suicide risk among men on reception into one Italian prison, designed to inform management and, secondly, to describe mental health outcomes among those prisoners accepted into the in-reach mental health service as a result of the assessment.

Methods

All prisoners newly received in the Parma Penitentiary Institute at any time in 2020 were screened using the Jail Screening Assessment Tool. Those who screened positive for any mental disorder, including substance use disorders and suicide indicators, were asked to complete the Parma Scale for the treatment evaluation of offenders with psychiatric disorders (Pr-Scale), a locally developed tool that allows for the measurement of mental state change as well as changes in treatment and management. Scores on this scale soon after reception were compared with scores after 1 year of work with the in-reach team.

Results

Among 303 newly admitted male prisoners in 2020, 167 (55%) screened positive for substance use disorder and 30 (10%) for other primary mental disorders. Most of these (n = 151) were offered and accepted care by the mental health in-reach service. After 1 year, those who had been treated by this service showed significant improvement in all Pr-Scale clinical variables.

Conclusions

Our findings support the extension of a psychological screening into a service for new receptions to Italian prisons. They add evidence for the utility of the Pr-Scale for detecting those newly admitted prisoners likely to benefit from early mental health interventions provided by in-reach services and for evidencing resultant change. Future studies are needed to replicate our results in other Italian prisons as a precursor to systems improvement, while other countries might also benefit from using similar evaluation and reevaluation routinely.

背景：对囚犯进行精神障碍筛查对于早期发现和干预精神病理学和物质使用障碍至关重要。在意大利，只有少数监狱实施了结构化的筛查程序，而全世界还没有一个标准的方法。目的：首先，描述一项系统的心理筛查，以早期识别意大利一所监狱接收的男性的精神障碍，包括药物使用障碍和自杀风险，旨在为管理层提供信息；其次，描述评估结果显示，接受可及精神健康服务的囚犯的心理健康结果。方法：使用监狱筛查评估工具对2020年任何时候新入住帕尔马监狱的所有囚犯进行筛查。那些对任何精神障碍（包括物质使用障碍和自杀指标）筛查呈阳性的人被要求完成帕尔马量表，用于对精神障碍罪犯的治疗评估（Pr量表），这是一种当地开发的工具，可以测量精神状态的变化以及治疗和管理的变化。接收后不久，将该量表上的分数与在触手可及团队工作一年后的分数进行比较。结果：在2020年新入院的303名男性囚犯中，167人（55%）的物质使用障碍筛查呈阳性，30人（10%）的其他原发性精神障碍筛查呈阴性。其中大多数（n=151）由心理健康服务机构提供并接受护理。1年后，接受该服务的患者在所有Pr量表临床变量方面都有显著改善。结论：我们的研究结果支持将心理筛查扩展到意大利监狱的新接待服务中。他们补充了Pr量表的实用性证据，用于检测那些可能受益于外展服务提供的早期心理健康干预的新入院囚犯，并证明由此产生的变化。未来的研究需要在其他意大利监狱中复制我们的结果，作为系统改进的前兆，而其他国家也可能从常规使用类似的评估和重新评估中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review 延迟将病人从监狱转移到安全的精神病院：一项国际系统审查。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2309

Christian P. Sales, Andrew Forrester, John Tully

Background

Transfer to a psychiatric hospital of prisoners who need inpatient treatment for a mental disorder is an important part of prison healthcare in the UK. It is an essential factor in ensuring the principle of equivalence in the treatment of prisoners. In England and Wales, delays in transferring unwell prisoners to hospital were identified by the 2009 Bradley Report. There has been no subsequent systematic review of progress in so doing nor a corresponding appraisal of transfer arrangements in other parts of the world.

Aim

To conduct a systematic review of international literature about transfers of mentally unwell individuals from prison to hospital for the treatment of mental disorder since 2009.

Method

Eight databases were searched for data-based publications using terms for prison and transfer to hospital from 1 January 2009 to 4 August 2022. Inclusion criteria limited transfer to arrangements for pre-trial and sentenced prisoners going to a health service hospital, excluding hospital orders made on the conclusion of criminal hearing.

Results

In England, four articles were identified, all showing that transfer times remain considerably longer than the national targets of 14 days (range, 14 days to >9 months); one study from Scotland found shorter mean transfer times, but more patients had been transferred to psychiatric intensive care units than to secure forensic hospitals. There were only two studies that investigated prison to hospital transfers for mental disorder from outside the UK and only one reported time-to-transfer data.

Conclusions

Findings from this literature review highlight failures to resolve transfer delays in England and provide little evidence about the problem elsewhere. Given the lack of data, it is unclear whether other countries do not have this problem or simply that there has been no research interest in it. A possible confounding factor here is that, in some countries, all treatment for prisoners’ mental disorders occurs in prison. However, the principle that prisons are not hospitals seems important when people need inpatient care. Prospective, longitudinal cohort studies are urgently needed to map transfer times and outcomes.

背景：将因精神障碍需要住院治疗的囚犯转移到精神病院是英国监狱医疗保健的重要组成部分。这是确保囚犯待遇对等原则的一个重要因素。2009年《布拉德利报告》指出，在英格兰和威尔士，将身体不适的囚犯送往医院的工作出现延误。此后没有对这方面的进展进行系统审查，也没有对世界其他地区的转让安排进行相应评估。目的：对2009年以来关于将精神不适者从监狱转移到医院治疗精神障碍的国际文献进行系统回顾。方法：在8个数据库中搜索基于数据的出版物，使用2009年1月1日至2022年8月4日期间监狱和转移到医院的术语。纳入标准仅限于预审和判刑囚犯前往医疗服务医院的安排，不包括刑事听证会结束时下达的医院命令。结果：在英格兰，发现了四篇文章，所有这些文章都表明，转移时间仍远长于14天的国家目标（范围从14天到>9个月）；苏格兰的一项研究发现，平均转移时间更短，但被转移到精神病重症监护室的患者比被转移到安全的法医医院的患者更多。只有两项研究调查了从英国境外将精神障碍患者从监狱转移到医院的情况，只有一项报告了转移数据的时间。结论：这篇文献综述的结果突出了在英格兰未能解决转会延误问题，而在其他地方几乎没有提供关于这一问题的证据。由于缺乏数据，目前尚不清楚其他国家是否没有这个问题，或者只是对它没有研究兴趣。一个可能的混淆因素是，在一些国家，所有囚犯精神障碍的治疗都发生在监狱里。然而，当人们需要住院治疗时，监狱不是医院这一原则似乎很重要。迫切需要前瞻性的纵向队列研究来绘制转移时间和结果。

{"title":"Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review","authors":"Christian P. Sales, Andrew Forrester, John Tully","doi":"10.1002/cbm.2309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbm.2309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transfer to a psychiatric hospital of prisoners who need inpatient treatment for a mental disorder is an important part of prison healthcare in the UK. It is an essential factor in ensuring the principle of equivalence in the treatment of prisoners. In England and Wales, delays in transferring unwell prisoners to hospital were identified by the 2009 Bradley Report. There has been no subsequent systematic review of progress in so doing nor a corresponding appraisal of transfer arrangements in other parts of the world.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To conduct a systematic review of international literature about transfers of mentally unwell individuals from prison to hospital for the treatment of mental disorder since 2009.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight databases were searched for data-based publications using terms for prison and transfer to hospital from 1 January 2009 to 4 August 2022. Inclusion criteria limited transfer to arrangements for pre-trial and sentenced prisoners going to a health service hospital, excluding hospital orders made on the conclusion of criminal hearing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In England, four articles were identified, all showing that transfer times remain considerably longer than the national targets of 14 days (range, 14 days to >9 months); one study from Scotland found shorter mean transfer times, but more patients had been transferred to psychiatric intensive care units than to secure forensic hospitals. There were only two studies that investigated prison to hospital transfers for mental disorder from outside the UK and only one reported time-to-transfer data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings from this literature review highlight failures to resolve transfer delays in England and provide little evidence about the problem elsewhere. Given the lack of data, it is unclear whether other countries do not have this problem or simply that there has been no research interest in it. A possible confounding factor here is that, in some countries, all treatment for prisoners’ mental disorders occurs in prison. However, the principle that prisons are not hospitals seems important when people need inpatient care. Prospective, longitudinal cohort studies are urgently needed to map transfer times and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47362,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health","volume":"33 5","pages":"371-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implications of sexual fantasy characteristics and memory intensity for harmful sexual behaviour 性幻想特征和记忆强度对有害性行为的影响。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2308

Andrew Allen, Mary Katsikitis, Prudence Millear, Nadine McKillop

Background

Sexual fantasies and memories are aetiological considerations in the perpetration of sexual violence, but fantasy–memory–behaviour relationships may be influenced by various factors, including sexual fantasy and memory phenomenology, that are the properties of mental imagery.

Aims

To investigate differences in sexual fantasy phenomenology and sexual memory intensity in men who report a history of harmful sexual behaviour compared to those who do not. We also investigated whether the likelihood of reporting harmful sexual intent was related to sexual memory intensity, independently of age and harmful sexual behaviour history.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey design was used, focusing on men aged ≥18 years who were recruited from the general population via social media. The survey prompted participants to envisage a favoured sexual fantasy, then obtained data on fantasy phenomenology, including vividness and sensations, and arousal level. In addition, information was requested about sexual memory intensity and harmful sexual behaviour history and intent.

Results

A total of 322 men completed the survey. Multiple Welch's t-tests showed that men self-reporting one or more harmful sexual behaviours, such as rape or child sexual abuse, gave significantly higher ratings of sexual fantasy phenomenology but not fantasy frequency or masturbation. They were also more likely to report higher sexual memory intensity. Although the significance of fantasy phenomenology varied between subgroups, binary logistic regression indicated that age, history of harmful sexual behaviour and sexual memory intensity were each independently associated with harmful sexual intent.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new insights into the importance of fantasy phenomenology, demonstrating nuanced differences between those with and without a history of harmful sexual behaviour and illustrating that memory intensity is associated with harmful sexual behaviour intent. Further research into these differences in the context of assessment and intervention for sexual violence perpetration is warranted.

背景：性幻想和性记忆是实施性暴力的病因考虑因素，但幻想-记忆-行为关系可能受到各种因素的影响，包括性幻想和记忆现象学，这是心理意象的特性。目的：调查报告有有害性行为史的男性与未报告的男性在性幻想现象学和性记忆强度方面的差异。我们还调查了报告有害性意图的可能性是否与性记忆强度有关，与年龄和有害性行为史无关。方法：采用在线横断面调查设计，重点关注通过社交媒体从普通人群中招募的年龄≥18岁的男性。该调查促使参与者设想一种受欢迎的性幻想，然后获得幻想现象学的数据，包括生动性和感觉，以及唤醒水平。此外，还要求提供关于性记忆强度和有害性行为历史和意图的信息。结果：共有322名男性完成了调查。多项Welch t检验表明，男性自我报告一种或多种有害的性行为，如强奸或儿童性虐待，对性幻想现象学的评分明显更高，但对幻想频率或手淫的评分则不高。他们也更有可能报告更高的性记忆强度。尽管幻想现象学的意义因亚组而异，但二元逻辑回归表明，年龄、有害性行为史和性记忆强度均与有害性意图独立相关。结论：我们的发现为幻想现象学的重要性提供了新的见解，证明了有和没有有害性行为史的人之间的细微差异，并说明记忆强度与有害性行为意图有关。有必要在评估和干预性暴力行为的背景下对这些差异进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0