Materialia最新文献_第9页

Comparative study of irradiation resistance for multicomponent concentrated HfNbTiZr and dilute V-4Cr-4Ti alloys irradiated with He ions 用 He 离子辐照多组分浓 HfNbTiZr 和稀 V-4Cr-4Ti 合金的抗辐照性能比较研究

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102293

I.V. Safronov , I.A. Ivanov , K. Jin , V.V. Uglov , S.V. Zlotski , M.M. Belov , S. Chen , Q. Zhang , A.E. Kurakhmedov , B.S. Amanzhulov , A.E. Ryskulov , A.D. Sapar , A.M. Temir , S.A. Mukhamadiyev , Ye.O. Ungarbayev , G.E. Remnev

To clarify the efficiency of irradiation resistance, investigation of body-centered cubic concentrated HfNbTiZr and dilute V-4Cr-4Ti alloys, irradiated by 40 keV He ions up to 5 × 10¹⁶, 1 × 10¹⁷ and 5 × 10¹⁷ cm^–2 fluences at room temperature, was carried out. Similar to V-4Cr-4Ti, HfNbTiZr possesses high phase stability and surface erosion resistance to irradiation with He ions up to 5 × 10¹⁷ cm^-2. Using transmission electron microscopy, a more than 2-fold increase in overall swelling, as well as its intensification with increasing fluence was observed for HfNbTiZr compared to V-4Cr-4Ti. Combining atomistic calculations and simulations based on the Modified Embedded Atom Method interatomic potential and Density Functional Theory, the energetics of defects and helium-vacancy complexes, as well as their dynamics, were studied for alloys. It was shown that in the HfNbTiZr and dilute vanadium alloys the number of radiation-induced vacancies (v) can be comparable. According to the binding energy curves, there is a tendency for higher He accumulation in helium-vacancy complexes due to the increased He/v ratio in HfNbTiZr compared to V-4Cr-4Ti (∼1.5 versus ∼1.1). It was found that the kick-out of lattice atoms is enhanced in HfNbTiZr and is suppressed in V-4Cr-4Ti. Therefore, the more intense He bubble growth in HfNbTiZr may be due to the kick-out mechanism, which leads to a decrease in the He/v ratio and stimulates helium-vacancy complexes to trap additional He atoms. Our results can be used to improve the bubble swelling resistance in the design of new multicomponent concentrated alloys.

为了明确抗辐照效率，研究人员对体心立方浓缩 HfNbTiZr 和稀 V-4Cr-4Ti 合金进行了调查，这些合金在室温下受到 40 keV He 离子高达 5 × 1016、1 × 1017 和 5 × 1017 cm-2 的辐照。与 V-4Cr-4Ti 相似，HfNbTiZr 在 5 × 1017 cm-2 的 He 离子照射下具有较高的相稳定性和抗表面侵蚀性。利用透射电子显微镜观察到，与 V-4Cr-4Ti 相比，HfNbTiZr 的整体膨胀增加了 2 倍多，并且随着通量的增加而加剧。结合基于修正嵌入原子法原子间势和密度泛函理论的原子计算和模拟，研究了合金中缺陷和氦-空位复合物的能量学及其动力学。研究表明，在 HfNbTiZr 和稀钒合金中，辐射诱导的空位（v）数量相当。根据结合能曲线，与 V-4Cr-4Ti 相比，由于 HfNbTiZr 中的 He/v 比率增加（∼1.5 对 ∼1.1），氦-空位复合物中的 He 累积量有增加的趋势。研究发现，在 HfNbTiZr 中，晶格原子的踢出作用增强，而在 V-4Cr-4Ti 中则受到抑制。因此，HfNbTiZr 中更强烈的 He 气泡增长可能是由于 "踢出 "机制导致 He/v 比率下降，并刺激氦空位复合物捕获更多 He 原子。我们的研究结果可用于提高新型多组分浓缩合金的抗气泡膨胀性。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing the understanding of short fatigue crack propagation: Leveraging ultrasonic testing device to approach rolling contact fatigue 加深对短疲劳裂纹扩展的理解：利用超声波测试设备接近滚动接触疲劳

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102288

Adrien Didier , Naim Naouar , Geoffray Deterre , Philippe Chaudet , Daniel Nelias

This paper uses ultrasonic testing devices to approach the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) stress state experienced during rolling on an indented surface, in order to understand the primary cause of failures of rolling element bearings in aeronautics. It relies on testing specimens made of M50-VIM/VAR steel while inducing compressive preload. This leads to a localized multi-axial and non-proportional stress field, induced by an artificial surface defect created via electro-discharge machining (EDM). Observations reveal that the surface crack initiation occurs along the EDM beyond

1 0^{8}

cycles, with no shift observed from surface defects to sub-surface defects, as commonly seen in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. Our analysis suggests that the stress intensity factor range,

Δ K

, may govern surface initiation in the VHCF regime, particularly when the formation of fine granular area (FGA) is not feasible. Consequently, under fixed stress conditions, there exists a critical surface defect size below which short crack initiation becomes improbable. These results mirror the behavior usually observed for indentations and thereby connect ultrasonic loading with RCF. Besides, initiations of fatigue butterfly and FGA appear to be associated with VHCF tests, compression, high levels of multi-axial stresses, and the refinement of microstructure at low temperatures. These findings shed light on a potential link between fatigue butterfly and FGAs, attributed to the same underlying cause: cross-slip.

本文使用超声波测试设备来接近在凹陷表面上滚动时所经历的滚动接触疲劳（RCF）应力状态，以了解航空滚动轴承故障的主要原因。它依赖于对 M50-VIM/VAR 钢制试样进行测试，同时施加压缩预载。通过放电加工（EDM）产生的人工表面缺陷会导致局部多轴和非比例应力场。观察结果表明，表面裂纹在 108 个循环后沿着放电加工发生，没有观察到表面缺陷向次表面缺陷的转变，这在极高循环疲劳（VHCF）机制中很常见。我们的分析表明，应力强度因子范围 ΔK 可能会控制 VHCF 状态下的表面萌生，尤其是在无法形成细颗粒区 (FGA) 的情况下。因此，在固定应力条件下，存在一个临界表面缺陷尺寸，低于该尺寸就不可能产生短裂纹。这些结果反映了通常在压痕中观察到的行为，从而将超声波加载与 RCF 联系起来。此外，疲劳蝶和 FGA 的产生似乎与 VHCF 试验、压缩、高水平的多轴应力以及低温下微观结构的细化有关。这些发现揭示了疲劳蝶变和 FGA 之间的潜在联系，其根本原因是相同的：交叉滑移。

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引用次数: 0

An atomic-level insight in the transition from non-reactive to reactive wetting using molecular dynamics simulation 利用分子动力学模拟从原子层面洞察非反应性润湿向反应性润湿的转变

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102291

Ensieh Yousefi, K. Vijay Reddy, Youqing Sun, Miral Verma, Muxing Guo, Nele Moelans, David Seveno

The intrinsic mechanisms that differentiate between non-reactive wetting and reactive wetting are still unclear. In this work, we have compared reactive and non-reactive wetting systems and made an attempt to explain the factors that contribute to the differences between these systems. In this aspect, we modeled five distinct wetting systems with different levels of reactivity between liquid Al droplet and solid Ni substrates. Results show that interfacial reactions during the reactive wetting cause a local increase of the temperature, a change in the droplet properties such as surface tension and self-diffusion, and in the overall substrate composition. This has led to a lower final contact angle and faster spreading rate, both of which point towards improved wettability due to the interfacial reactions. On the other hand, non-reactive wetting is dominated and controlled through the formation of a precursor film on the substrate. On tuning the reactivity, it was revealed that a competition between dissolution and precursor formation occurs where the former is more dominant with increasing reactivity. This study should aid in a better understanding of the wetting process and the atomic-level mechanism controlling the spreading behavior.

区分非反应性润湿和反应性润湿的内在机制尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们比较了反应性润湿系统和非反应性润湿系统，并试图解释造成这些系统之间差异的因素。在这方面，我们模拟了液态铝液滴与固态镍基底之间具有不同反应性的五个不同润湿体系。结果表明，反应润湿过程中的界面反应会导致局部温度升高、液滴特性（如表面张力和自扩散）以及整个基底成分发生变化。这导致最终接触角更小，铺展速度更快，两者都表明界面反应改善了润湿性。另一方面，非反应润湿是通过在基底上形成前驱体薄膜来主导和控制的。在调节反应活性时，发现溶解和前驱体形成之间存在竞争，随着反应活性的增加，前者更占优势。这项研究有助于更好地理解润湿过程和控制铺展行为的原子级机制。

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引用次数: 0

New luminescent solar concentrator windows using PMMA-InP/ZnS Nanohybrid coating films for green building applications 使用 PMMA-InP/ZnS 纳米杂化镀膜的新型发光太阳能聚光窗，适用于绿色建筑应用

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102292

Mohammed Alyami , Nada T Mahmoud , Rached Habib , Samah El-Bashir

Green fluorescing PMMA-InP/ZnS nanohybrid coating films were applied onto FTO glass substrates through the traditional spin coating technique for the development of luminescent solar concentrator windows. Examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed good morphology and uniform dispersion of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in PMMA matrix, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the amorphous nature and good adhesion to FTO glass substrate. Investigations of the influence of varying QD concentrations on spectral photophysical characteristics were conducted using techniques such as optical absorption, transmission, fluorescence spectroscopy, and the chromaticity diagram (CIE 1931). The films exhibited good transparency in the visible spectrum, approximately 87 %, with reduced transparency in the near-infrared (NIR) region, approximately 26 %. The films have various shades of green colors closely aligned with the sensitivity of the human eye, as demonstrated by CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Skin depth calculations spanning the UV to NIR wavelengths (200-2400 nm) showed a marked decrease in electromagnetic wave penetration correlating with increased InP-ZnS QD concentrations. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity and quantum yield of 71 % for QDs concentration of

0.15 w t %

coupled with outstanding photostability properties after exposure to UVA radiation (365 nm) for 72 h. This optimization effectively reduces the infiltration of detrimental solar radiation into buildings, encompassing ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths. The research outcomes are consistent with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals SDG7 and SDG 11, in sun-drenched regions such as Saudi Arabia, as PMMA-InP/ZnS nanohybrid coating films can be tailored to meet the spectral needs of energy-efficient windows.

通过传统的旋涂技术，将绿色荧光 PMMA-InP/ZnS 纳米杂化镀膜应用于 FTO 玻璃基板，用于开发发光太阳能聚光器窗口。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行的检查显示，InP/ZnS 量子点（QDs）在 PMMA 基质中具有良好的形态和均匀的分散性，而 X 射线衍射（XRD）则表明其无定形性质以及与 FTO 玻璃基质的良好粘附性。利用光吸收、透射、荧光光谱和色度图（CIE 1931）等技术，研究了不同 QD 浓度对光谱光物理特性的影响。薄膜在可见光谱中表现出良好的透明度，约为 87%，而在近红外（NIR）区域的透明度有所降低，约为 26%。如 CIE 1931 色度图所示，薄膜的各种绿色色调与人眼的敏感度非常接近。从紫外线到近红外波长（200-2400 纳米）的皮肤深度计算显示，电磁波穿透力随着 InP-ZnS QD 浓度的增加而明显下降。荧光光谱显示，当 QDs 的浓度为 0.15wt% 时，荧光强度最高，量子产率达 71%，而且在紫外线辐射（365 纳米）下暴露 72 小时后，光稳定性能突出。研究成果符合沙特阿拉伯等阳光普照地区的可持续发展目标（SDG7）和可持续发展目标（SDG11），因为 PMMA-InP/ZnS 纳米杂化涂层薄膜可以量身定制，以满足节能窗户的光谱需求。

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引用次数: 0

Study on changes in intermetallic compounds and whisker formation over time in Sn/Cu plating 锡/铜电镀中金属间化合物的变化和晶须形成随时间变化的研究

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102290

Y. Sakamoto , S. Ishihara , K. Masuda , W. Yamazaki , M. Shimura

In Sn/Cu plating, whiskers are formed because of the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the Sn/Cu interface and along the Sn grain boundaries. Many previous studies have focused on the mechanism of whisker formation and the change in whisker density over time. However, only a few studies have focused on the formation and growth behavior of IMCs and the correlation between IMCs and whiskers. Furthermore, no studies have quantitatively investigated the time-dependent changes in the formation and growth behavior of IMCs and whiskers using mathematical formulas. In this study, Sn/Cu plating was applied to a 7–3 brass substrate, and the formation and growth of IMCs at the Sn/Cu interface and the behavior of whisker formation were studied. An approximate equation was derived based on the reaction kinetics to quantitatively express the time-dependent changes in both parameters. Three differences were observed between the formation behaviors of IMCs and whiskers. First, no incubation time t_th was observed for IMC formation, but it was for whiskers. Second, the whisker density increased until t = 10 d and then saturated. However, the IMC density increased until t = 70 d and then became saturated. Third, the IMC density in the cross section is 7–10 times higher than the whisker density, and the rate constant of the IMCs is smaller than that of the whiskers.

在锡/铜电镀过程中，由于金属间化合物（IMC）在锡/铜界面和锡晶界的形成，会形成晶须。以前的许多研究都侧重于晶须形成的机理以及晶须密度随时间的变化。然而，只有少数研究关注 IMC 的形成和生长行为，以及 IMC 和晶须之间的相关性。此外，还没有研究使用数学公式对 IMC 和晶须的形成和生长行为随时间的变化进行定量研究。本研究将锡/铜电镀应用于 7-3 黄铜基底，研究了锡/铜界面上 IMC 的形成和生长以及晶须的形成行为。根据反应动力学推导出了一个近似方程，以定量表示这两个参数随时间的变化。在 IMC 和晶须的形成行为之间观察到三个不同点。首先，IMC 的形成没有孵育时间 tth，而晶须的形成有孵育时间 tth。其次，晶须密度在 t = 10 d 前一直在增加，然后达到饱和。然而，IMC 密度在 t = 70 d 前一直在增加，然后趋于饱和。第三，横截面上的 IMC 密度是晶须密度的 7-10 倍，IMC 的速率常数小于晶须的速率常数。

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引用次数: 0

Interfacial engineering reaction strategy of in-situ Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi composites with network structure for high yield strength 具有网络结构的原位 Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi 高屈服强度复合材料的界面工程反应策略

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102289

Pengyuan Li , Hongyong Xia , Wei Shang , Shuang Zhang , Xiang Li , Yongqing Fu , Junjie Xu , Longlong Dong

CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) has distinctive properties such as high hardness and good corrosion resistance, however, its low strength or poor yield strength at room temperature limits its wide-range applications in industry. Herein, Cr₂₃C₆ particles reinforced CoCrFeNi composites with graphene nanoplates as a precursor were fabricated using in-situ reaction spark plasma sintering and cold rolling annealing processes. Results showed that the microstructure of the CoCrFeNi HEA and their composites were face-centered cubic structures before and after annealing, and Cr₂₃C₆ particles were precipitated inside the matrix during SPS. The precipitated Cr₂₃C₆ particles exerted strong pinning forces to migrate dislocations and grain boundaries, effectively refining the grains during the annealing process. After cold rolling, Cr₂₃C₆/CoCrFeNi composites showed a typically banded deformation structure. After annealing, fine equiaxed grains were distributed around the deformed grains, and the proportion of equiaxed grains was increased with the annealing time. The yield strength (YS) of Cr₂₃C₆/CoCrFeNi composites was significantly higher than that of CoCrFeNi alloy after cold rolling and annealing. When annealed for 20 min, the YS and elongation of Cr₂₃C₆/CoCrFeNi composites with 0.3 wt% graphene addition were 1100 MPa and 6 %, respectively. The YS was 68.2 % higher than that of the CoCrFeNi alloy. We have identified that the improvement of mechanical properties of Cr₂₃C₆/CoCrFeNi composites is mainly attributed to grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and load transfer strengthening, among which dislocation strengthening plays a major role.

钴铬铁镍高熵合金（HEA）具有高硬度和良好的耐腐蚀性等独特性能，但其强度低或室温屈服强度差，限制了其在工业中的广泛应用。本文以石墨烯纳米板为前驱体，采用原位反应火花等离子烧结和冷轧退火工艺制备了 Cr23C6 颗粒增强 CoCrFeNi 复合材料。结果表明，CoCrFeNi HEA 及其复合材料在退火前后的微观结构均为面心立方结构，在 SPS 过程中，基体内部析出了 Cr23C6 颗粒。析出的 Cr23C6 颗粒在退火过程中发挥了强大的钉扎力，使位错和晶界发生迁移，从而有效地细化了晶粒。冷轧后，Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi 复合材料呈现出典型的带状变形结构。退火后，变形晶粒周围分布着细小的等轴晶粒，等轴晶粒的比例随着退火时间的延长而增加。经过冷轧和退火后，Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi 复合材料的屈服强度（YS）明显高于 CoCrFeNi 合金。退火 20 分钟后，添加 0.3 wt% 石墨烯的 Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi 复合材料的 YS 和伸长率分别为 1100 MPa 和 6%。YS 比 CoCrFeNi 合金高 68.2%。我们发现，Cr23C6/CoCrFeNi 复合材料机械性能的改善主要归因于晶粒细化、位错强化、析出强化和载荷传递强化，其中位错强化起了主要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Circumventing cracking in grading 316L stainless steel to Monel400 through compositional modifications in directed energy deposition 通过定向能沉积中的成分改性，在将 316L 不锈钢分级为 Monel400 的过程中避免开裂

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102283

Zhening Yang , Alexander Richter , Hui Sun , Zi-Kui Liu , Allison M. Beese

In joining Fe-alloys and Cu-containing alloys to access the high strength of steels and corrosion resistance of Cu-alloy, cracking is widely observed due to the significant Cu microsegregation during the solidification process, resulting in an interdendritic Cu-rich liquid film at the end of solidification. By fabricating functionally graded materials (FGMs) that incorporate additional elements like Ni in the transition region between these terminal alloy classes, the hot cracking can be reduced. In the present work, the joining of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and Monel400 by modifying the Ni concentration in the gradient region was studied. A new hot cracking criterion based on hybrid Scheil-equilibrium approach was developed and validated with monolithic multi-layer samples within the SS316L-Ni-Monel400 three-alloy system and a SS316L to 55/45 wt% SS316L/Ni to Monel400 FGM sample fabricated by direct energy deposition (DED). The new hot cracking criterion, based on the hybrid Scheil-equilibrium approach, is expected to help design FGM paths between other Fe-alloys and Cu-containing alloys as well.

在连接铁合金和含铜合金以获得钢的高强度和铜合金的耐腐蚀性时，由于铜在凝固过程中发生大量微偏析，导致凝固末期出现树枝状富含铜的液膜，因此开裂现象十分普遍。通过制造功能分级材料（FGM），在这些终端合金类别之间的过渡区域加入镍等额外元素，可以减少热裂纹。本研究通过改变梯度区域的镍浓度，对不锈钢 316L（SS316L）和 Monel400 的连接进行了研究。在 SS316L-Ni-Monel400 三合金体系和通过直接能量沉积 (DED) 制造的 SS316L 至 55/45 wt% SS316L/Ni 至 Monel400 FGM 样品中，开发并验证了基于混合 Scheil 平衡方法的新热裂纹标准。新的热裂纹标准以混合谢尔-平衡法为基础，有望帮助设计其他铁合金和含铜合金之间的 FGM 路径。

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引用次数: 0

On the work-hardening behaviour of the additively manufactured Al-Si-Mg alloys: Composite-like versus networked microstructure 关于添加制造的铝硅镁合金的加工硬化行为：复合微结构与网络微结构

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102282

Emanuela Cerri, Emanuele Ghio

Al-Si-Mg alloys are widely used for manufacturing components via laser powder bed fusion in various industrial applications where ductility and the capacity to accommodate the strain hardening are key criteria. The ductility of the laser powder bed-fused Al alloys has become a crucial property due to their fine cellular microstructure. Post-processing heat treatments improve ductility, but resultant microstructural changes affect the work-hardening behaviour, deformability, and uniform elongation values. This study aims to investigate the work-hardening capability, uniform elongation and deformability of AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg samples after different post-processing heat treatments by using tensile tests, optical and scanning electron microscopies. At aging temperatures below 200 °C, the fully cellular structure of eutectic Si governs both the work-hardening behaviour and the strengthening mechanisms, despite the precipitation phenomenon. When direct-aging temperatures exceed 200 °C, the coarsening of the Si-eutectic network modifies work-hardening behavior (Stages 1–3), accentuating the effects induced by the precipitates. Artificial aging highlights the role of precipitates in controlling both work-hardening properties and deformability.

铝-硅-镁合金在各种工业应用中被广泛用于通过激光粉末床熔融技术制造部件，其中延展性和适应应变硬化的能力是关键标准。激光粉末床熔融铝合金的延展性因其细小的蜂窝状微结构而成为一项关键性能。后加工热处理可提高延展性，但由此产生的微观结构变化会影响加工硬化行为、变形能力和均匀伸长值。本研究旨在通过拉伸试验、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，研究经过不同后处理热处理的 AlSi7Mg 和 AlSi10Mg 样品的加工硬化能力、均匀伸长率和变形能力。在低于 200 °C 的老化温度下，尽管存在析出现象，但共晶硅的全蜂窝结构对加工硬化行为和强化机制都有影响。当直接老化温度超过 200 °C时，硅共晶网络的粗化改变了加工硬化行为（阶段 1-3），加剧了析出物的影响。人工老化突出了析出物在控制加工硬化特性和变形性方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic and conventional fatigue behavior, strain rate sensitivity, and structural design methods for wrought and cold spray Al-6061 锻造和冷喷 Al-6061 的超声波和传统疲劳行为、应变速率敏感性以及结构设计方法

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102286

Christopher M. Sample, Anthony G. Spangenberger, Diana A. Lados

Cold spray is an additive manufacturing process that accelerates powder particles to supersonic speeds to create repairs and bulk depositions with fine-grained microstructures, high density, and good mechanical properties. Fatigue property measurement for these novel materials is critical for their use in safety-critical components, which can be accelerated with the use of ultrasonic fatigue testing. In this work, ultrasonic (20 kHz) and conventional (20 Hz) fatigue studies were conducted on as-sprayed bulk Al-6061 and conventional wrought Al-6061-T6. Complementary fatigue studies of surface preparation (surface finish and residual stress) and fatigue specimen geometry (round versus flat), as well as hole-drilling residual stress measurements, were undertaken to minimize the influence of these confounding variables. Cold spray Al-6061 exhibits fatigue frequency sensitivity, whereas the wrought material does not. Tensile testing at varied strain rates indicates that a portion of the fatigue frequency effect can be attributed to strain rate sensitivity. Fractographic studies show that crack initiation occurs from unbonded powder particles at the surface at high stress amplitude, and transitions sub-surface at lower stress amplitude. The results of these studies were used to create frequency-corrective models of S-N data and Kitagawa-Takahashi diagrams that can be used to design for fatigue crack initiation and growth resistance.

冷喷是一种快速成型制造工艺，可将粉末颗粒加速到超音速，从而形成具有细粒度微结构、高密度和良好机械性能的修复和批量沉积物。这些新型材料的疲劳性能测量对其在安全关键部件中的应用至关重要，而使用超声波疲劳测试可以加速这种测量。在这项工作中，对喷涂的块状 Al-6061 和传统锻造的 Al-6061-T6 进行了超声波（20 kHz）和传统（20 Hz）疲劳研究。对表面处理（表面光洁度和残余应力）和疲劳试样几何形状（圆形与扁形）以及钻孔残余应力测量进行了补充疲劳研究，以尽量减少这些干扰变量的影响。冷喷 Al-6061 具有疲劳频率敏感性，而锻造材料则没有。在不同应变速率下进行的拉伸测试表明，疲劳频率效应的一部分可归因于应变速率敏感性。裂纹研究表明，在高应力振幅下，裂纹从表面未结合的粉末颗粒开始产生，而在较低应力振幅下，裂纹则向表面下过渡。这些研究结果用于创建 S-N 数据的频率校正模型和北川-高桥图，可用于疲劳裂纹萌发和生长阻力的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of texture, grain boundary constitution, and molybdenum partitioning on corrosion and hydrogen permeation behavior of pulse electrodeposited Ni-Mo coatings 质地、晶界构成和钼分区对脉冲电沉积镍钼镀层的腐蚀和氢渗透行为的影响

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102284

Sunando Banerjee, Akhand Pratap Singh, G. Mohan Kumar, Chandan Srivastava

Microstructural evolution, electrochemical corrosion and hydrogen permeation in pulse electrodeposited Ni-Mo coatings (2, 4, 8, and 11wt% Mo) were investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed improved corrosion resistance at an optimum Mo content. The corrosion current density i_corr and polarization resistance R_p values obtained were 13.8 μA/cm² and 1745 Ωcm² respectively for pure Ni coating while the i_corr and R_p values obtained were 1.7 μA/cm² and 5406 Ωcm² respectively for Ni-4wt% Mo coating. Further, increase in the Mo content beyond 4 wt% increased the corrosion rate. Nevertheless, corrosion resistance of Ni-Mo coatings was found to be higher than the pure Ni coating. Ni-Mo coatings contained relatively Mo-enriched clusters in a solid solution matrix. The highest corrosion resistance of Ni-4wt% Mo coating was due to lower energy (001) and (111) textures, lower energy grain boundary constitution, and low coating strain. In Ni-4wt% Mo coating, Mo-enriched Ni-Mo nanoclusters inhibited hydrogen passage by providing a torturous path. In contrast, a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (compared to pure Ni coating) facilitated hydrogen permeation leading to a similar extent of hydrogen permeation through pure Ni and Ni-4wt% Mo coatings.

研究了脉冲电沉积镍钼涂层（2、4、8 和 11wt% Mo）的微观结构演变、电化学腐蚀和氢渗透。电化学阻抗谱和电位极化测量结果表明，在最佳钼含量下，耐腐蚀性能有所提高。纯 Ni 涂层的腐蚀电流密度 icorr 和极化电阻 Rp 值分别为 13.8 μA/cm2 和 1745 Ωcm2，而 Ni-4wt% Mo 涂层的 icorr 和 Rp 值分别为 1.7 μA/cm2 和 5406 Ωcm2。此外，当 Mo 含量超过 4 wt% 时，腐蚀速率也会增加。尽管如此，Ni-Mo 涂层的耐腐蚀性仍高于纯 Ni 涂层。镍钼涂层在固溶体基体中含有相对富集的钼簇。镍-4wt%钼涂层的耐腐蚀性能最高是由于较低能量的（001）和（111）纹理、较低能量的晶界构成以及较低的涂层应变。在镍-4wt%钼涂层中，钼富集的镍-钼纳米团簇提供了一条曲折的路径，从而抑制了氢的通过。相反，高角度晶界的高比例（与纯镍涂层相比）促进了氢的渗透，导致氢在纯镍和 Ni-4wt% Mo 涂层中的渗透程度相似。

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