Cognitive Processing最新文献

Previous studies have identified different outcomes in the cognitive processing of tools but have overlooked the role of the activation level of object affordances. To address this issue, the present study conducted four behavioral experiments. Experiment 1 employed a color judgment task under low affordance activation and revealed a significant tip-dominance effect, with faster responses in stimulus-response incompatible than compatible conditions (t (29) = 3.35, p = 0.002, d = 0.61). In Experiment 2, we increased affordance activation by using typical color but observed no significant compatibility effects (all ps > 0.05). Experiment 3 adopted a Go/NoGo paradigm and introduced semantic attributes, yielding a significant stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect (F (1, 27) = 9.22, p = 0.005, η²_p = 0.25). Experiment 4, focusing on atypical colors, showed a reversed compatibility effect for power-grasp tools (t (29) = 3.19, p = 0.003, d = 0.58), but not for precision-grasp tools. Together, these findings indicate that (1) the activation level of object affordances modulates tool-related cognitive processing; (2) low activation leads to dominance of functional-end responses, whereas higher activation elicits SRC effects; and (3) both perceptual and semantic attributes contribute to affordance activation, with semantic effects emerging only when perceptual attributes are present.

How do our prior beliefs influence our judgments (if at all)? This study uses an expectation-inducing task to assess the influence of prior expectations on efficacy judgments in an illusion of control task. The study was conducted online with 150 psychology undergraduate students. The experiment used a between-subjects design. Participants were assigned to one of two groups, with each group being exposed to either a low or high level of expected efficacy. Following the expectation-inducing task, participants performed a standard associative learning task often used to assess the illusion of control. Interestingly, the effect of group assignments influenced the contingency judgments provided by the participants in the standard task both directly and indirectly through impact on their behavior. Although the indirect effect had been reported in previous illusion of control research, the direct effect of expectations in contingency judgments using casual mediation assessments is a novel result.

Mind wandering can interfere with cognitive functions like working memory and reading comprehension. Research shows that mind wandering can lead to perseverative cognition, which can have negative effects on mental health. Previous findings have suggested that sleep disturbance may lead to mind wandering. The present study further investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and mind wandering, with the mediating role of executive functions (self-organization/problem-solving, self-restraint/inhibition), using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale, and Mind Wandering Questionnaire (n = 227). The results of Structural Equation Modelling indicated that the total effect (p = 0.001) and direct effect (p = 0.006) of sleep disturbance and mind wandering were significant, but the indirect effect (p = 0.536) was not significant; therefore, executive function did not mediate the relationship between sleep disturbance and mind wandering. This finding highlights the importance of addressing sleep disturbance in efforts to reduce maladaptive mind wandering.

Individuals with elevated autistic traits often experience internalizing symptoms that affect their quality of life. However, the mechanisms underlying this process in neurotypical populations remain unclear. The present study investigated the mediating roles of executive functions (cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibitory control) and social cognition (affective empathy, cognitive empathy) in this relationship. The mental health symptoms of 159 neurotypical adult participants (ranging 18-45) were assessed using the Autism Quotient, Depression Anxiety Stress-21, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire-7. Within the same participants, executive functions were assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, N-back Task, and Go/No-Go Task, while social cognition was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Eyes Test, and the Self-Assessment Manikin. Results indicated that autistic traits were positively associated with mental health symptoms. Among the examined variables, personal distress-a component of affective empathy-was the only factor showing a link between attention-switching difficulties and mental health symptoms. Neither cognitive empathy nor executive functions demonstrated significant associations. These findings suggest that heightened affective empathy may be related to greater emotional vulnerability in individuals with elevated autistic traits. The study contributes to a better understanding of the associations among autistic traits, affective empathy, and mental health, and underscores the importance of considering emotion-regulation processes in future research.

The Perceptual Crossing Paradigm (PCP) is one of the most radical settings in social cognition research, as it confines dyadic encounter to one-dimensional movements in a virtual space and haptic feedback via human-computer interfaces. While the PCP has already led to insightful results in different settings and populations, the first-person perspective of participants on their experience and agency has not yet been systematically investigated. However, to understand the precise mechanisms by which test partners interact and identify each other, and the role that embodiment plays in this, behavioral data must be complemented by qualitative first-person data. Therefore, our PCP study (N=54) included open-ended self-reports collected over six trials which were analyzed with a mixed-methods approach using qualitative coding and different forms of quantification and statistical tests. Qualitatively, the 62 codes organized in hierarchical levels provide a fine-grained picture of individual experience (e.g., fourteen emotions) and interindividual aspects of agency (action phases, proactive and receptive microactivities originating from both partners). Unexpectedly, in quantitative regard, code frequencies of all four microactivities were significantly higher in this minimalistic setting compared to other social cognition studies with more natural settings. And their distribution across the action phases (intention, action execution, evaluation) yielded a significant pattern that can be explained by differentiating physical and mental actions as stronger and weaker forms of embodiment, supporting a dynamically embodied concept of social interaction.

This study examined the associations between parents' and children's executive functions and parental technoference during preschool and school age. Participants were 621 parents of children aged 3-12 years. Parental technoference was measured by two indices: parent-child technology interference and parental problematic smartphone use. Parental technoference, parents' executive functions, and children's executive functions were measured via parental report. Results indicated that parental technoference is highly correlated with both parents' and children's executive functions. Furthermore, parental technoference influences children's executive functions indirectly, with this effect being mediated by parents' executive functions.

While creativity is considered essential for students' academic and artistic development in music education, limited attention has been given to fundamental emotional and cognitive factors that shape creative thinking. Addressing this gap, the current study aims to investigate the relationship between creative thinking dispositions, emotional intelligence, cognitive control/flexibility among higher education students in music education. Using a relational survey model, data were collected from 152 higher education students studying in the Department of Music Education. The Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, and Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze data. The findings revealed that music students' creative thinking dispositions, emotional intelligence traits and cognitive control/ flexibility are above the moderate level. It is found that emotional intelligence and cognitive control/flexibility significantly contribute to creative thinking dispositions. These findings suggested that while both cognitive control/flexibility and emotional intelligence played crucial roles in enhancing musical creativity, cognitive control/flexibility emerged as the stronger predictor. Based on these, music education curricula should aim to create a balanced approach that supports both cognitive adaptability and emotional sensitivity, equipping students with the necessary skills for musical creativity and performance resilience.

Deception, as pervasive unethical behavior, has a wide range of destructive impacts on society. From an interpersonal interaction perspective, this study investigates whether interpersonal trust would inhibit trustees' deception and whether trustees' Need for Cognitive Closure (NFCC) would moderate the effect of interpersonal trust. Study 1 (N = 53) employed a between-subjects design, focusing on interpersonal trust as the independent variable, categorized into high-trust and low-trust groups. The experiment began with the manipulation of interpersonal trust levels, followed by the measure of deception using a dice-rolling task. Study 2 (N = 66) concentrated on individual differences, specifically examining how NFCC moderates the relationship between interpersonal trust and deception. The findings indicated that interpersonal trust significantly inhibited deception. Moreover, NFCC was found to play a crucial moderating role. Those with a lower NFCC exhibited an enhanced inhibitory effect of interpersonal trust on deception. These results highlight the complex interplay between interpersonal trust and deception, offering important insights for the development of targeted interventions aimed at preventing deceptive practices.

The present study examined the persuasive impact of conspiracy theories (CTs) in relation to two distinct communicative strategies: argumentation and narrative. The final sample consisted of 160 participants, randomly assigned to three groups: a first group (N = 56) watched a video in which a conspiracy theory related to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion was presented in a predominantly argumentative form (mostly argumentative group: MAG); a second group (N = 53) who watched a video in which the same conspiracy theory was presented in a predominantly narrative form (mostly narrative group: MNG); and a third control group (CG) (N = 51) who watched a video on non-conspiracy topics. The experiment was conducted online by the participants. The scores obtained on the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs (GCB) scale (Brotherton et al. in Front Psychol 4:279, 2013) at T0 (before exposure to the persuasive message) and T1 (after exposure) in three groups of participants were evaluated. Furthermore, the level of education, subclinical psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), paranoid persecution, and paranoid reference, as well as the level of transportation, were also assessed. The primary findings indicated that there was a greater endorsement of conspiratorial beliefs at T1 than at T0 in the MAG. In contrast, no change was observed in the total score of the GCB scale at T1 compared to T0 in the MNG. However, in the MNG there was an increase in one subscale of the GCB, which related to government malfeasance. Overall, these results indicate that both conspiracy arguments and conspiracy narratives can influence audience beliefs. However, argumentation appears to have a more pronounced effect than narrative.

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a phenomenon that individuals respond more slowly when the target is presented in the previously cued location in a cue-target paradigm. Although there is a large amount of evidence to support the "reorienting hypothesis" of IOR, it is still continuously challenged in the visual single-modal domain. However, it is unclear whether the occurrence of IOR under cross-modality is consistent with the reorienting hypothesis. In the present study, we used a variant of the cue-target paradigm to investigate the effect of attentional orienting as modulated by the central reorienting cue on IOR within the visual modality (Experiment 1) and across auditory-visual modalities (Experiment 2). The results showed that IOR triggered by the peripheral cue and attentional orienting triggered by the central reorienting cue directionality occurred in both the visual single-modal condition and the auditory-visual cross-modal condition, but there was no interaction between them. These results indicated that attentional reorienting may not be the cause of IOR in either single-modal or cross-modal auditory-visual conditions.