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Book essays 本论文
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231155614
J. M. Evans
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引用次数: 0
“You come up from the ashes, and you’re like a phoenix.” Survivors of sex trafficking define resilience “你从灰烬中复活,就像一只凤凰。”性交易的幸存者定义了韧性
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231152263
Logan Knight, Susan H. Yoon
The study of resilience has largely relied on definitions and conceptualizations of resilience produced by academia, with little of the knowledge produced being grounded in the experience and perspectives of those outside academia. The voices of marginalized and stressed populations are particularly rarely integrated into sanctioned institutional discourses of knowledge, reproducing inequality where these institutions have influence. Specifically, little research has explored the ways in which survivors of sex trafficking define and conceptualize resilience. Thus, academic inquiry into survivor resilience may risk missing what is important to survivors themselves regarding the issue. Using thematic analysis, this study explored survivors’ responses to the question “What does ‘resilience’ mean to you?”, which resulted in five themes: resilience as (1) resistance, (2) transition, (3) a sustained force over time, (4) transformation, and (5) resources. Participants defined resilience as being primarily a person-centered phenomenon, rather than a process-centered phenomenon, that was the output of their inherent and enduring personal power to survive or overcome and adversity, and to shape their lives in preferred ways despite adversity. Differing from academic definitions of resilience in several significant ways, participants conceptualized resilience as being promoted by external resources and opportunities but existent even in the absence of such resource and opportunities. Findings suggest that for resilience inquiry to resonate with survivors, it must first acknowledge the inherent power of survivors.
关于复原力的研究在很大程度上依赖于学术界对复原力的定义和概念,而所产生的知识很少基于学术界以外的人的经验和观点。边缘化和压力人群的声音很少被纳入认可的知识机构话语,在这些机构有影响力的地方再现了不平等。具体而言,很少有研究探讨性贩运幸存者如何定义和概念化复原力。因此,对幸存者复原力的学术调查可能会错过对幸存者自己来说重要的问题。通过主题分析,本研究探讨了幸存者对“‘复原力’对你意味着什么?”问题的回答,得出了五个主题:复原力是(1)抵抗,(2)过渡,(3)随着时间的推移是一种持续的力量,(4)转变,以及(5)资源。参与者将韧性定义为主要是一种以人为中心的现象,而不是一种以过程为中心的现象。这是他们内在和持久的个人力量的输出,能够在逆境中生存或克服逆境,并在逆境中以偏好的方式塑造自己的生活。与学术界对复原力的定义在几个重要方面不同,参与者将复原力概念化为由外部资源和机会推动的,但即使在缺乏这些资源和机会的情况下也存在。调查结果表明,要想让复原力调查引起幸存者的共鸣,它必须首先承认幸存者的内在力量。
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引用次数: 1
In this issue…with a note on context 在这一期中,请注意上下文
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231153502
Yun Chen
statutory
法定
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of parents of autistic children who adopted a cat 收养猫的自闭症儿童父母的经历
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231151946
Gretchen K. Carlisle, Angélique Lamontagne, J. Bibbo, Rebecca A. Johnson, L. Lyons
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication. Autistic children suffer from social cognitive difficulties. There is no specific treatment for ASD, but ongoing individualized care can lead to an improvement in symptoms. Adopting a pet into a family with an autistic child is increasingly recognized as beneficial for improving some of the child’s social skills. Cats are the second most common pet in the homes of autistic children. Previous studies showed that adopting calm-tempered shelter cats to autistic children decreased anxiety and improved the child’s social skills. In the present study, we aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of parents of autistic children who adopted a shelter cat. 11 families participated in the study, and were asked 6 open-ended questions every 2 weeks for 18 weeks after the cat's adoption. Five main themes emerged from the analysis: benefits of cat adoption, challenges of cat adoption, parent-cat bonding, child-cat bonding, and family impact of cat adoption. Adoption leads to the creation of a strong relationship between the family members and the shelter cat, and an improvement in the child’s social skills, with some difficulties related to the maintenance of the cat. These findings highlight the beneficial impact of adopting a shelter cat into a family with an autistic child, and open the door for future research to generalize these results.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种以社交和沟通障碍为特征的神经发育障碍。自闭症儿童患有社会认知困难。ASD没有具体的治疗方法,但持续的个性化护理可以改善症状。越来越多的人认为,将宠物收养到有自闭症儿童的家庭中有助于提高儿童的一些社交技能。猫是自闭症儿童家中第二常见的宠物。先前的研究表明,给自闭症儿童收养脾气平静的收容所猫可以减少焦虑,提高孩子的社交技能。在本研究中,我们旨在定性地探索收养收容所猫的自闭症儿童父母的经历。11个家庭参与了这项研究,在猫被收养后的18周内,每两周被问6个开放式问题。分析得出了五个主要主题:收养猫的好处、收养猫的挑战、父母与猫的联系、孩子与猫的关系以及收养猫对家庭的影响。收养导致家庭成员和收容所猫之间建立了牢固的关系,并提高了孩子的社交技能,但在抚养猫方面存在一些困难。这些发现强调了将收容所的猫收养到有自闭症儿童的家庭中的有益影响,并为未来的研究推广这些结果打开了大门。
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引用次数: 0
Black women social workers: Workplace stress experiences 黑人女性社会工作者:工作场所的压力经历
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231151954
Collina D Cooke, J. Hastings
Black women social workers (BWSWs) represent essential workforce members who are burdened by ongoing COVID-19 circumstances. Strategies to deal with highly stressful situations on the job, such as those experienced in 2020, were absent from the research literature leaving intervention strategies to support highly stressed BWSWs unknown. This study aimed to uncover the various ways BWSWs experienced their organizations as they performed work duties. Atlas.ti. 9 was used to analyze verbatim transcripts from 17 semi-structured qualitative interviews given by BWSWs across the United States in February 2021. Hermeneutic phenomenology was implemented to interpret interview data. The convenience sample was drawn from professional organizations where BWSWs claimed membership and volunteered to be electronically interviewed for 2 hours generating themes such as stress perceptions, institutional barriers to efficient work productivity and recommendations for workplace support. BWSWs reported high stress work environments in the past year. Some believed that their health and mental health declined because of the inability to find work-home life balance. Findings suggest BWSWs persevere regardless of high levels of stress and being unsupported in the workplace in order to maintain a livelihood. BWSWs play a crucial role in the lives of vulnerable populations, but need to attend to ways to be healthier given the polarization associated with racism, classism, and sexism experienced. Thematically, the data revealed stressful situations in the workplace and how organizations have failed to implement strategies in order to improve social worker health. Suggestions for workplace supports were also identified.
黑人女性社会工作者(BWSW)代表了因持续的新冠肺炎形势而不堪重负的重要劳动力。研究文献中没有处理工作中高压力情况的策略,例如2020年经历的策略,这使得支持高压力BWSW的干预策略未知。本研究旨在揭示BWSW在履行工作职责时对其组织的各种体验。Atlas.ti.9用于分析2021年2月美国BWSW进行的17次半结构化定性采访的逐字记录。解释学现象学被用来解释访谈数据。便利样本来自BWSW申请加入的专业组织,并自愿接受为期2小时的电子面试,产生的主题包括压力感知、高效工作效率的制度障碍和工作场所支持建议。BWSW在过去一年中报告了高压力的工作环境。一些人认为,他们的健康和心理健康状况下降是因为无法找到工作与家庭生活的平衡。研究结果表明,BWSW为了维持生计,无论压力大还是在工作场所得不到支持,都会坚持下去。BWSW在弱势群体的生活中发挥着至关重要的作用,但考虑到种族主义、阶级歧视和性别歧视带来的两极分化,需要采取更健康的方式。从主题上讲,这些数据揭示了工作场所的压力状况,以及组织如何未能实施改善社会工作者健康的策略。还确定了工作场所支持的建议。
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引用次数: 1
‘Rocky road’ & ‘brick walls’ – Multiple meanings of resilience in a social work context through the lens of critical realist Informed grounded theory “崎岖之路”和“砖墙”——通过批判现实主义知情基础理论的视角,在社会工作背景下恢复力的多重含义
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/14733250231152264
W. Sims-Schouten, M. Thapa
This study seeks to build an explanation of the multiple meanings of resilience in a social work context, centralising the interplay between human agency (meaning-making, motivations and intentionality) and social structures (enduring patterns, social rules, norms and laws). Specifically, this research provides insight into how care-experienced people (aged 17–50 years old) and social workers and affiliated practitioners in England make sense of ‘resilience’ and ‘resilient’ behaviours. Critical realist informed grounded theory (CRGT) provides unique opportunities here, with critical realist’s primacy of ontology as the starting point and grounded theory providing the epistemological force, contextualising research and imbedding this more firmly into practice. Drawing on the four stages of retroductive argumentation proposed by Kempster and Parry (2014) and developed by us, we identify a number of key themes, namely, ‘Having/Building an Ability’ – ‘Rocky Road’ and ‘Brick Walls’ – Resilience as Resistance – ‘Compliance’, as well as causal factors impacting upon the themes (such as traumatic life experiences, protective factors, external support systems, political agendas, structure-agency relationships and stigma, discrimination and marginalisation). The research highlights how multiple causal mechanisms, including interpretations of situations by individuals (in this case care-experienced individuals and social workers/affiliated practitioners) interact and generate multiple meaning in relation to process and outcomes of resilience. The research thus provides insight into deeply embedded interpretations of resilience, which should be viewed in light of the stratified non-linear dynamics of embodied experiences, material/institutional forces and social relationships, that co-constitute subjectivity, as well as having an ongoing influence on body–brain systems.
本研究试图在社会工作背景下解释弹性的多重含义,集中人类能动性(意义创造、动机和意向性)和社会结构(持久模式、社会规则、规范和法律)之间的相互作用。具体来说,这项研究提供了对英国有护理经验的人(17-50岁)、社会工作者和附属从业人员如何理解“弹性”和“弹性”行为的见解。批判现实主义的基础理论(CRGT)在这里提供了独特的机会,批判现实主义以本体论为起点,基础理论提供了认识论的力量,将研究置于语境中,并将其更牢固地嵌入到实践中。根据Kempster和Parry(2014)提出并由我们开发的四个阶段的追溯论证,我们确定了一些关键主题,即“拥有/建立能力”-“崎岖之路”和“砖墙”-弹性作为抵抗-“顺从”,以及影响主题的因果因素(如创伤性生活经历,保护因素,外部支持系统,政治议程,结构-代理关系和耻辱,歧视和边缘化)。该研究强调了多重因果机制,包括个体(在本例中是有护理经验的个体和社会工作者/附属从业人员)对情境的解释如何相互作用,并在恢复力的过程和结果中产生多重意义。因此,该研究提供了对弹性的深层解释的见解,应该根据具体经验、物质/制度力量和社会关系的分层非线性动态来看待弹性,它们共同构成主观性,并对身体-大脑系统产生持续影响。
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引用次数: 0
Qualitative examination of homecoming experiences among active-duty military fathers during reintegration 现役军人父亲重返社会期间返乡经历的定性调查
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/14733250221150378
Abby E Blankenship, Alison L. Drew, Vanessa M. Jacoby, Sophie Zolinski, Alyssa Ojeda, K. Dondanville, Allah-Fard M. Sharrieff, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, M. Acker, Tabatha H Blount, Cindy A. McGeary, S. Young-McCaughan, A. Peterson, Tessa K Kritikos, E. DeVoe
Active-duty military fathers are frequently away from their families throughout their military career and are faced with readjusting to family and garrison life after each separation. For fathers of very young children, reintegration can have unique challenges due to the tremendous developmental progression occurring in early childhood and the impact of lengthy deployment separations. While much of the research on military families focuses on extreme negative experiences (e.g., reactions to war injuries and posttraumatic stress disorder), little is known about the common experiences of military families. This qualitative study explores the reintegration experiences of 15 active-duty U.S. Army fathers with a child under six in their home during the deployment. Homecoming experiences were coded and analyzed to distinguish four adjustment factors and five adaptation challenges. Most fathers described having mixed experiences during reintegration, with 93% referencing at least one factor making adjustment easier (e.g., communication with their spouse during deployment), and 80% referencing at least one factor making adjustment difficult (e.g., child’s initial hesitation or perceived rejection). Adjustment facilitators included: spending quality time with family, individual and family growth, quality communication during deployment, and the service member’s parental perspective taking. Challenges to adjustment included negative postdeployment reactions of children, difficulty readjusting to family and civilian life, and service member psychological changes. These findings expand our understanding of the reintegration experience of active-duty fathers with young children and identify common challenges and facilitators that can be addressed through culturally informed supportive services across the deployment cycle.
现役军人的父亲在整个军旅生涯中经常远离家人,每次分离后都要重新适应家庭和驻军生活。对于孩子很小的父亲来说,由于儿童早期的巨大发展以及长期部署分离的影响,重返社会可能会面临独特的挑战。虽然大多数关于军人家庭的研究都集中在极端负面经历(例如,对战争伤害和创伤后应激障碍的反应)上,但对军人家庭的常见经历知之甚少。这项定性研究探讨了15名现役美国陆军父亲在部署期间的重返社会经历,他们家中有一个6岁以下的孩子。对返校经历进行编码和分析,以区分四个适应因素和五个适应挑战。大多数父亲描述说,在重返社会期间有着复杂的经历,93%的父亲提到了至少一个使调整更容易的因素(例如,在部署期间与配偶沟通),80%的父亲提到至少一个让调整变得困难的因素(如,孩子最初的犹豫或感知到的拒绝)。调整促进者包括:与家人共度美好时光、个人和家庭成长、部署期间的优质沟通以及服务人员的父母视角。适应方面的挑战包括儿童在部署后的消极反应、难以适应家庭和平民生活以及服役人员的心理变化。这些发现扩大了我们对有幼儿的现役父亲重返社会经历的理解,并确定了在整个部署周期内可以通过文化知情的支持服务来解决的共同挑战和促进因素。
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引用次数: 1
Needs of Children With Incarcerated Parents in Their Own Voice 父母被监禁的孩子的需求
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/14733250221151030
J. Navrátilová, P. Navrátil, M. Punová, Veronika Smutná
Even though Czech social policy cites child protection as one of its main priorities, there continue to be groups of children whose needs remain unnoticed. As many as forty thousand Czech children with at least one incarcerated parent have failed to gain public attention, find no support in the national legislative framework, and are only slowly attracting the attention of helping professionals. Guided by our research question—“What are the needs of children whose parent leaves the household due to incarceration?”—we describe the individual needs of children of incarcerated parents in their own voices through phenomenological optics. These needs, recorded via individual interviews and focus groups, contextualized using the theoretical methodology of the capability approach, which serves as the framework for assessing the relationship between the stated needs of these children and their overall well-being.
尽管捷克的社会政策将儿童保护列为其主要优先事项之一,但仍有一些儿童群体的需求未被注意到。多达4万名父母中至少有一人被监禁的捷克儿童没有得到公众的关注,也没有得到国家立法框架的支持,只能缓慢地吸引帮助专业人士的注意。我们的研究问题是:“父母因监禁而离开家庭的孩子需要什么?”我们通过现象学的光学,用他们自己的声音描述了被监禁父母的孩子的个人需求。这些需求是通过个人访谈和焦点小组记录下来的,使用能力方法的理论方法进行背景分析,这是评估这些儿童所陈述的需求与他们整体福祉之间关系的框架。
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引用次数: 2
Can service users speak? Dissenting voices and subaltern speech in social work 服务用户能说话吗?社会工作中的反对声音和低人一等的言论
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/14733250221150206
Håvard Aaslund
Service user involvement and participatory research are central concepts in social work practice and research. Inspired by Spivak’s essay “Can the Subaltern Speak,” this article draws on the poststructural and postcolonial theory to unpack the assumptions about essentialism, representation, and division of labor underlying the concepts of involvement, participation, and voice. The article combines Spivak’s theory about the subaltern and Rancière’s theory about politics as dissensus to shed light on how the space for authentic service user voice risks being minimized, corrupted, and co-opted. I discuss the challenges arising from this for understanding service user involvement and participatory knowledge production and suggest possible steps toward handling these challenges.
服务使用者参与和参与式研究是社会工作实践和研究的核心概念。受斯皮瓦克的文章《次等人能说话吗》的启发,这篇文章借鉴了后结构和后殖民理论,揭示了关于本质主义、代表性和劳动分工的假设,这些假设隐藏在参与、参与和声音的概念之下。这篇文章结合了Spivak关于下层社会的理论和ranci关于政治作为异议的理论,阐明了真实服务用户声音的空间是如何被最小化、腐化和被同化的。我讨论了由此产生的挑战,以理解服务用户参与和参与式知识生产,并提出了处理这些挑战的可能步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating survivorhood? Lived experiences of social support-seeking among LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence 导航survivorhood吗?亲密伴侣暴力的LGBTQ幸存者寻求社会支持的生活经历
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/14733250221150208
R. Turner, Anjelica Hammersjö
Seeking and receiving social support following violent and abusive relationships is a complex process, involving a range of barriers for anyone. LGBTQ survivors of intimate partner violence face additional barriers to both seeking and receiving appropriate help, yet few studies have explored the way these barriers are navigated from the experiential viewpoint. Knowledge of the subjective journey to access social support may help improve social work practice with LGBTQ people leaving abusive relationships. This study explored the lived experiences of support-seeking through in-depth interviews with LGBTQ survivors of IPV in Sweden ( n = 7, age range 18–56). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used for interview design, conduct, and analysis to offer a detailed, first-person, and contextual account of the support-seeking process. Drawing on a phenomenological analysis of lifeworlds, five main themes were produced which illuminate some of the shared experiential features of participants’ journeys to access support. Within each main theme, the analysis also highlights divergences relating to participants’ differing lifeworlds. The analysis thus provides an in-depth, phenomenological understanding of the support-seeking process, including the barriers to, but also the individual and social enablers of, seeking support. Support-seeking processes for LGBTQ survivors of IPV may, at the experiential level, be more diffuse than current theoretical models suggest, with relational ‘strategies of navigation’ being of primary concern to individuals. For policy and practice, the importance of the wide range of generic professionals, who may be the first point of contact, should be emphasised, as well as the role of family and friends as a support and catalyst in the support-seeking process.
在暴力和虐待关系之后寻求和获得社会支持是一个复杂的过程,对任何人来说都会遇到一系列障碍。亲密伴侣暴力的LGBTQ幸存者在寻求和获得适当帮助方面面临着额外的障碍,但很少有研究从经验的角度探讨如何克服这些障碍。了解获得社会支持的主观过程可能有助于改善LGBTQ人群离开虐待关系的社会工作实践。本研究通过对瑞典IPV的LGBTQ幸存者(n=7,年龄范围18-56)的深入访谈,探讨了寻求支持的生活经历。解释现象学分析用于面试设计、进行和分析,以提供对寻求支持过程的详细、第一人称和上下文描述。根据对生活世界的现象学分析,产生了五个主要主题,阐明了参与者获得支持之旅的一些共同体验特征。在每个主题中,分析还强调了参与者不同生活世界的差异。因此,该分析提供了对寻求支持过程的深入、现象学理解,包括寻求支持的障碍,以及寻求支持的个人和社会促成因素。IPV的LGBTQ幸存者寻求支持的过程,在经验层面上,可能比目前的理论模型所显示的更为分散,关系“导航策略”是个人最关心的问题。在政策和实践方面,应强调广泛的普通专业人员的重要性,他们可能是第一联系点,以及家人和朋友在寻求支持过程中作为支持和催化剂的作用。
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引用次数: 1
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Qualitative Social Work
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