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An Island of Reliability in a Sea of Misinformation? Understanding PR-Journalists Relations in Times of Epistemic Crisis 虚假信息海洋中的可靠性之岛?认识危机时代的公关记者关系
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2077347
Aviv Barnoy
ABSTRACT With technologies making sources more accessible than ever before, journalists’ prime concern is no longer obtaining data; but rather sorting information out – undermining the traditional role of information subsidies. This study exposes for the first time a unique form of “epistemic subsidies,” suggesting a new explanation for PR-journalists’ paradoxical relations. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative reconstructions, in which Israeli news reporters from national news outlets accounted for the sources they used (N = 1,147), this paper reaffirms the persistence of the paradox, while shedding new light on it, showing that the relationship is based on reliability rather than trust. Information from PR sources is communicated to journalists in a significantly more reliable way than from non-PR – making reliance much safer. Analyzing the findings with a framework that is based on social epistemology and the intereffication theory, the paper suggests that the epistemically-virtues practices of PR act as “inductions,” which could result from an “adaptation” to journalists’ increasing epistemic needs. Findings also reopen the normative debate about the implication of reliance on PR, indicating that such reliance reduces vulnerability to factually incorrect messages, while not defending journalists from misleading messages or “spins.”
摘要:随着技术使信息来源比以往任何时候都更容易获取,记者的首要关注点不再是获取数据;而是对信息进行分类&破坏了信息补贴的传统作用。这项研究首次揭示了一种独特的“认知补贴”形式,为公关记者的矛盾关系提供了新的解释。本文采用定量和定性的重建相结合的方法,其中来自国家新闻机构的以色列新闻记者解释了他们使用的来源(N=1147),重申了悖论的持久性,同时对其进行了新的阐释,表明这种关系是基于可靠性而非信任的。来自公共关系来源的信息以比非公共关系来源更可靠的方式传达给记者,从而使依赖更加安全。本文以社会认识论和互动理论为基础,对研究结果进行了分析,认为公关的认识美德实践是“诱导”,可能是对记者日益增长的认识需求的“适应”。调查结果还重新开启了关于依赖公共关系含义的规范性辩论,表明这种依赖减少了对事实不正确信息的脆弱性,同时没有保护记者免受误导性信息或“旋转”的伤害
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引用次数: 1
Navigating Turbulent Political Waters: From Corporate Political Advocacy to Scansis in the Case of NBA-China Crisis 在动荡的政治水域中航行:从公司政治倡导到nba -中国危机中的扫描
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2064288
Hui Zhao, Chiara Valentini
ABSTRACT Drawing on insights from both rhetorical arena theory and contingency theory of conflict management, this study examines the role of political factors in shaping stakeholder groups’ perceptions and organizational responses and stances in a scansis of a multinational corporation. This study combined qualitative content analysis and semantic network analysis to analyze organizational responses, news coverage, and social media posts regarding the National Basketball Association (NBA)–China crisis in 2019, triggered by an online comment from a team executive supporting the Hong Kong protesters. The findings show (1) the presence of diverse and rich political-laden and politically divided discussions in news coverage and social media posts, (2) a subsequent change in the NBA’s stance, from accommodative toward defensive, in response to those discussions, and (3) the great role of geopolitics/international politics and political values as political contingency factors in steering organizational, media, and digital public discourses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
摘要本研究借鉴了冲突管理的修辞场理论和偶然性理论,考察了政治因素在跨国公司利益相关者群体认知、组织反应和立场形成中的作用。这项研究结合了定性内容分析和语义网络分析,分析了组织对2019年中国国家篮球协会(NBA)危机的反应、新闻报道和社交媒体帖子,这场危机是由一名支持香港抗议者的球队高管的在线评论引发的。研究结果表明:(1)新闻报道和社交媒体帖子中存在着丰富多样的政治讨论和政治分歧,(2)NBA的立场随后发生了变化,从宽容转向防守,以回应这些讨论,以及(3)地缘政治/国际政治和政治价值观作为政治偶然因素在指导组织、媒体和数字公共话语中的重要作用。讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 1
Editor’s essay: a new chapter 编者按:一个新的篇章
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/1062726x.2022.2073728
Sung-Un Yang, N. Browning
Change is the only constant, or so the Greek philosopher Heraclitus thought. In the public relations field, that certainly rings true. Social media and a decentralized internet brought with them the promise of a more engaged and informed publics, but the spread of dis/misinformation has become so rampant that news seeking on social media now negatively correlates with knowledge and engagement (Infield, 2020). Yet practitioners must divine ways to operate within this direct-to-public communication environment as traditional news media – and trust in them – simultaneously erode (UNESCO, 2022). Companies like Disney and Coca-Cola, which once prided themselves on avoiding sociopolitical controversy, now find themselves thrust into deepening culture wars (Barnes, 2022; Gelles, 2021). All the while, practitioners desperately search for ways to manage relationships and reputations amidst the fray. And as organizations amass power, wealth, and influence that rivals or surpasses that of nationstates, they now struggle to fulfill the increasing social responsibilities expected of them from both stakeholders and the public writ large (Scherer & Palazzo, 2011). These are just a few of the challenges facing our field, largely in corporate communication – to say nothing of nonprofit, governmental, and other sectors. How do we, as public relations scholars and professionals, meet this moment? As the incoming editorial team for the Journal of Public Relations Research, we’ve pondered this and many other questions in recent months. Volume 34 marks the beginning term of editor-in-chief Dr. Sung-Un Yang, associate editor Dr. Nicholas Browning, and senior editorial assistant Ejae Lee. We are humbled and grateful for this great opportunity to serve a vibrant community of public relations researchers, and we are committed to the continuance of JPRR’s prestigious status, editorial mission, and research impacts. Strangely, the concept of continuance just as much as change brings us back to that philosopher from antiquity:
变化是唯一不变的,这是希腊哲学家赫拉克利特的观点。在公共关系领域,这当然是正确的。社交媒体和去中心化的互联网带来了更多参与和知情的公众的承诺,但谣言/错误信息的传播已经变得如此猖獗,以至于社交媒体上的新闻搜索现在与知识和参与呈负相关(Infield, 2020)。然而,随着传统新闻媒体和对它们的信任同时受到侵蚀,从业者必须找到在这种直接面向公众的传播环境中运作的方法(UNESCO, 2022)。像迪士尼和可口可乐这样曾经以避免社会政治争议而自豪的公司,现在发现自己被推入了不断加深的文化战争(巴恩斯,2022;gell, 2021)。一直以来,从业者都在拼命寻找在竞争中管理关系和声誉的方法。随着组织积累的权力、财富和影响力与民族国家相匹敌或超过,它们现在正努力履行利益相关者和公众对它们日益增加的社会责任(Scherer & Palazzo, 2011)。这些只是我们这个领域面临的一些挑战,主要是在企业沟通方面,更不用说非营利组织、政府和其他部门了。作为公共关系学者和专业人士,我们如何面对这一时刻?作为《公共关系研究杂志》(Journal of Public Relations Research)即将上任的编辑团队,我们在最近几个月里一直在思考这个问题和其他许多问题。第34卷是由总编杨成云博士、副总编尼古拉斯·勃朗宁博士、副总编李在杰担任的新一期。我们很谦卑,也很感激有这个机会为一个充满活力的公共关系研究人员社区服务,我们致力于继续保持JPRR的声望、编辑使命和研究影响。奇怪的是,延续和变化的概念将我们带回到古代的哲学家:
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引用次数: 0
Toward a Framework for Listening with Consideration for Intersectionality: Insights from Public Relations Professionals in Borderland Spaces 走向一个考虑交叉性的倾听框架:来自边境空间公共关系专业人士的见解
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2057502
Katie R. Place
ABSTRACT Listening remains an understudied concept in public relations, particularly with consideration for the complex intersecting identities and lived experiences of publics. Through 38 interviews with nonprofit and governmental professionals, this study sought to fill the dearth of applied research on listening and intersectionality and to develop an intersectional framework for listening in public relations. One research question guided this exploratory, qualitative study: How do public relations professionals embody listening with consideration for intersectionality? Findings suggest that public relations professionals across nonprofit and governmental contexts described listening with consideration for intersectionality via personal reflexivity, interpersonal sensitivity, organizational programs and initiatives, and community and coalitional collaboration. From these insights, a framework for listening with consideration for intersectionality in public relations is proposed.
摘要倾听在公共关系中仍然是一个研究不足的概念,特别是考虑到公众复杂的交叉身份和生活经历。通过对非营利组织和政府专业人士的38次采访,本研究试图填补关于倾听和交叉性的应用研究的不足,并为公共关系中的倾听制定一个交叉框架。一个研究问题指导了这项探索性的定性研究:公共关系专业人员如何在考虑交叉性的情况下体现倾听?研究结果表明,非营利组织和政府背景下的公共关系专业人员在描述倾听时,考虑到了通过个人反射性、人际敏感性、组织计划和倡议以及社区和联盟合作的交叉性。从这些见解中,提出了一个在公共关系中考虑交叉性的倾听框架。
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引用次数: 10
Harnessing the power of chatbot social conversation for organizational listening: The impact on perceived transparency and organization-public relationships 利用聊天机器人社交对话的力量进行组织倾听:对感知透明度和组织公共关系的影响
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2068553
L. Men, Alvin Zhou, Wan-Hsiu Sunny Tsai
ABSTRACT This study presents one of the earliest empirical investigations on how to harness the power of chatbots for improving key public relations outcomes. Specifically, this study integrates the construct of social presence that has been widely studied in the computer-mediated communication literature with the concept of conversational human voice in public relations to conceptualize chatbots’ social conversation. We evaluate chatbots’ social conversation as an important antecedent driving user perception, not only of chatbots’ listening capability, but also of the organizations’ listening efforts, which, in turn, enhance the essential perceptual outcomes of organizational transparency and organization-public relationships. Our theoretical model was tested through an online survey of 778 adult Facebook users in the US, who were directed to have a 5-minute conversation with a real chatbot. The study results advance the organizational listening literature and contribute to the growing body of knowledge on artificial intelligence in public relations.
摘要本研究是关于如何利用聊天机器人的力量来改善关键公共关系结果的最早实证研究之一。具体而言,本研究将计算机媒介传播文献中广泛研究的社交存在结构与公共关系中的对话人声概念相结合,以概念化聊天机器人的社交对话。我们评估聊天机器人的社交对话是驱动用户感知的重要前提,不仅是聊天机器人的倾听能力,也是组织的倾听努力,这反过来又增强了组织透明度和组织公共关系的基本感知结果。我们的理论模型是通过对美国778名成年Facebook用户的在线调查进行测试的,这些用户被要求与一个真正的聊天机器人进行5分钟的对话。研究结果推动了组织倾听文献的发展,并有助于公共关系中人工智能知识的增长。
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引用次数: 6
The Multiplicity and Dynamics of Functional Crisis Memories in Crisis Communication: How Chinese Social Media Users Collectively Reconstructed SARS during COVID-19 危机传播中功能性危机记忆的多重性与动态性——新冠肺炎期间中国社交媒体用户如何集体重构SARS
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2063869
Xing Zhang, Anfan Chen
ABSTRACT By incorporating the concept of collective memory into the field of crisis communication, this study examined crisis memories (i.e., SARS memories) that were collectively constructed on social media to help make sense of and respond to an unfolding crisis (i.e., COVID-19). From a content analysis of 4,673 Weibo posts, along with a repost network analysis of these posts, various functional crisis memories constructed by multiple users (multiplicity) and in different stages (dynamics) were identified. Our findings provide a new perspective on crisis communication and management by including crisis memories as an extended part of multivocal crisis communication. We suggest that memory narratives surrounding similar past crises can be utilized as important information and resources in crisis communication, especially during public health crises with high uncertainty and widespread effects. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for crisis communication are discussed.
摘要通过将集体记忆的概念融入危机传播领域,本研究检验了在社交媒体上集体构建的危机记忆(即SARS记忆),以帮助理解和应对正在发生的危机(即新冠肺炎)。通过对4673条微博帖子的内容分析,以及对这些帖子的转发网络分析,识别了由多个用户(多重)和不同阶段(动态)构建的各种功能性危机记忆。我们的研究结果为危机沟通和管理提供了一个新的视角,将危机记忆作为多元危机沟通的延伸部分。我们认为,围绕类似过去危机的记忆叙事可以作为危机沟通的重要信息和资源,特别是在具有高度不确定性和广泛影响的公共卫生危机期间。讨论了研究结果对危机沟通的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 1
Serious Games as Strategic Communication Tools: An Analytic Framework for the Study of Digital Games in Public Relations Research 作为战略传播工具的严肃游戏:公共关系研究中数字游戏研究的分析框架
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2043154
J. Fisher
ABSTRACT Organizations are increasingly using digital games as strategic communication tools for achieving public relations goals. Yet limited extant research examines them as such. This article proposes a definition of the term strategic communication games, and presents an analytic framework composed of four levels – The Organization, The Game, The Dissemination Process, and The Game Playing Public – relevant to their study. Extant research on digital games that are used to achieve organizational goals has focused on the effects of gameplay on an individual player. Alternatively, the framework proposed in this article positions such games within a broader process in which meaning making that is relevant to game outcomes happens across four levels.
摘要组织越来越多地将数字游戏作为实现公共关系目标的战略沟通工具。然而,有限的现存研究对它们进行了这样的考察。本文提出了战略传播游戏一词的定义,并提出了一个由四个层面组成的分析框架——组织、游戏、传播过程和游戏公众——与他们的研究相关。目前对用于实现组织目标的数字游戏的研究主要集中在游戏对个人玩家的影响上。或者,本文提出的框架将此类游戏定位在一个更广泛的过程中,在这个过程中,与游戏结果相关的意义创造发生在四个层面上。
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引用次数: 2
From Relationship Management to Change Empowerment: Shifting Public Relations Theory to Prioritize Publics 从关系管理到变革授权:公共关系理论向公众优先转变
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2053856
D. Mundy
ABSTRACT The global upheaval caused by events in 2020 and beyond – from navigating a pandemic to an American reckoning with long-standing issues of race and inequality – has placed the public voice front and center. Public discourse now plays an essential role in shaping organizational policy and practice. This article posits that in response, public relations must take a “next turn” theoretically in a way that prioritizes the public voice. As such, guided by the perspectives of LGBTQIA advocacy leaders in the post-Obergefell (post-marriage-equality) era, this article argues that the field must shift from a focus on relationship management to one on change empowerment. In so doing, it contends that if we are going to truly take a next turn to focus on the public in this post-2020 context, then theoretically we must better-address the influence and process of change – emanating from internal and external forces. This article also contends that while public relations certainly remains a management function, the lessons from 2020 mandate that we question our field’s focus on “managing” relationships and instead investigate how public relations can become a source of empowerment.
2020年及以后发生的事件引发的全球动荡——从应对一场大流行,到美国对长期存在的种族和不平等问题的反思——将公众的声音摆在了前台和中心。公共话语现在在形成组织政策和实践方面起着至关重要的作用。本文认为,作为回应,公共关系必须在理论上采取“下一个转弯”,以优先考虑公众的声音。因此,在后奥贝格费尔(后婚姻平等)时代LGBTQIA倡导领袖的观点指导下,本文认为该领域必须从关注关系管理转向关注改变授权。在此过程中,它认为,如果我们要在2020年后的背景下真正转向关注公众,那么从理论上讲,我们必须更好地处理来自内部和外部力量的变化的影响和过程。本文还认为,虽然公共关系当然仍然是一种管理功能,但2020年的教训要求我们质疑我们的领域对“管理”关系的关注,而是研究公共关系如何成为授权的来源。
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引用次数: 10
Editor’s essay: Letting go in leadership 编者按:放手领导
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2021.2061752
B. Sha
One of the most important lessons I learned as a young mom who stepped up to volunteer with her children’s school PTA® is that leadership means different things to different people. I also learned that leadership looks different to different people and that each of us has mental representations of what a “good leader” looks like. Little did I know then that decades of scholarly research and thousands of publications on “leadership” backed up what I was experiencing.
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Internal Public Relations: Organizations and Publics as Community Members 反思内部公共关系:作为社区成员的组织和公众
IF 3.4 2区 文学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1062726X.2022.2043155
Hongmei Shen, Hua Jiang
ABSTRACT This essay connects the community-building approach, embedded in responsive communitarianism, with internal public relations. By integrating principles of the community perspective with components of current scholarship in internal public relations, we reposition internal public relations as a community-building function. We introduce seven tenets of internal public relations from the community approach, including but not limited to communitarianism being the philosophical foundation, creationand dissolution of internal communities, the importance of solidarity, and principles of community development – cultivating members’ individual agency, committing to agreed-upon rules and core communal values, and balancing individual rights and common good. We also explain how conducting research on internal public relations from a community approach enhances community agency, internal relationships, internal communication, globaland intercultural community building, and methodological diversity. We hope to further stimulate theoretical dialog in internal public relations.
本文将社区建设方法与内部公共关系联系起来,这种方法植根于响应性社群主义。通过将社区视角的原则与当前学术在内部公共关系中的组成部分相结合,我们将内部公共关系重新定位为一种社区建设功能。我们从社区方法中引入了内部公共关系的七个原则,包括但不限于作为哲学基础的社群主义、内部社区的创建和解散、团结的重要性以及社区发展的原则——培养成员的个人能动性、致力于商定的规则和核心社区价值观,以及平衡个人权利和共同利益。我们还解释了从社区的角度对内部公共关系进行研究如何增强社区机构、内部关系、内部沟通、全球和跨文化社区建设以及方法的多样性。我们希望进一步激发内部公共关系的理论对话。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Public Relations Research
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