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Managing Visibilities: The Shades and Shadows of NGO Work in Repressive Contexts 管理可见性:非政府组织工作在压制环境中的阴影
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221144991
O. B. Albu
This study explores how visibilities are produced and managed, and how they transform the work of activists operating in repressive contexts. To advance emerging research, this study blends theoretical perspectives from visibility and activism research and builds on ethnographic methods and fieldwork in a non-profit organization. The contribution of the article to research at the intersection of visibility and activism is twofold: firstly, the article identifies the social and material agencies involved in the production of different dimensions of visibilities (mildly shaded and mostly shadowed). Secondly, the article shows how the three identified relational imbrications of agencies (encryption, obfuscation, and concealment) at times empower and undermine the efforts of both activists and oppressors. The findings provide novel insights concerning the (dis)empowering role of visibilities applicable to many collectives, corporations and institutions that rely on visibility management, as datafication is making it increasingly easy for behaviors to be seen.
这项研究探讨了可见性是如何产生和管理的,以及它们如何改变在镇压背景下运作的活动家的工作。为了推进新兴研究,本研究融合了可见性和行动主义研究的理论视角,并建立在非营利组织的人种学方法和实地调查的基础上。这篇文章对可见性和行动主义交叉点的研究有两方面的贡献:首先,文章确定了参与产生不同维度可见性(轻度阴影和大部分阴影)的社会和物质机构。其次,这篇文章展示了三种确定的机构关系重叠(加密、混淆和隐藏)有时是如何增强和破坏活动家和压迫者的努力的。这些发现提供了关于可见性(dis)赋权作用的新见解,适用于许多依赖可见性管理的集体、公司和机构,因为数据化使行为越来越容易被看到。
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引用次数: 0
Communication Technology and Social Support to Navigate Work/Life Conflict During Covid-19 and Beyond 新冠肺炎及其后应对工作/生活冲突的通信技术和社会支持
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221144996
Inyoung Shin, Sarah E. Riforgiate, M. C. Coker, Emily A. Godager
Drawing on a national survey of 447 U.S. workers who transitioned to remote work during COVID-19, this study examined how different types of communication technologies (CTs) used for work and private life were associated with work/life conflicts and perceptions of social support across different relationship types (coworker, family, and friends). Findings indicated that work/life conflicts became aggravated when the use of CTs violated relational norms (e.g., mobile texting with coworkers and emailing with family and friends). On the other hand, uses of CTs that were perceived to offer access to social support (e.g., instant messaging with coworkers and friends) were related to lower work/life conflict. Social media (e.g., Facebook) had a direct relationship to higher work/life conflict, but an indirect relationship to lower work/life conflict through social support. Overall, findings suggest that individuals attempt to create work/life boundaries by selecting specific CTs when physical work/life boundaries are collapsed.
这项研究基于对447名在新冠肺炎期间过渡到远程工作的美国工人的全国性调查,研究了用于工作和私人生活的不同类型的通信技术(CT)如何与工作/生活冲突以及不同关系类型(同事、家人和朋友)对社会支持的看法相关。研究结果表明,当使用CT违反关系规范(例如,与同事发手机短信和与家人和朋友发电子邮件)时,工作/生活冲突会加剧。另一方面,使用被认为可以提供社会支持的CT(例如,与同事和朋友的即时消息)与降低工作/生活冲突有关。社交媒体(如Facebook)与较高的工作/生活冲突有直接关系,但通过社会支持与较低的工作/人生冲突有间接关系。总的来说,研究结果表明,当物理工作/生活界限崩溃时,个人试图通过选择特定的CT来创造工作/生活边界。
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引用次数: 0
How Institutions Communicate Change: Casuistry and Loosely Coupled Change in China’s Market Transformation 制度如何沟通变革:中国市场转型中的诡辩与松耦合变革
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221144995
Yuan Li, R. Suddaby
How do institutions think about change? Building on Mary Douglas’s famous contention that institutions think by means of analogy, we suggest that institutions think about change by means of irony. Irony is pronounced during times of profound change when the rhetoric and the reality of change can be inconsistent. We show that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has enacted what we term loosely coupled change—change in which symbolic meanings and material practices are only weakly connected and retain their independence. The CCP employed the rhetorical form of irony, known as casuistry, to legitimize a change to market systems as being incremental while in practice radically adopting market systems and dismantling socialist practices. We contribute to research on institutional messaging by examining the hermeneutic depth of casuistry. We also contribute to research on organizational change by explicating how casuistry reconciles contradictory ideologies and facilitates loosely coupled change.
机构如何看待变化?基于玛丽·道格拉斯关于机构通过类比思考的著名论点,我们认为机构通过讽刺来思考变化。在深刻变化的时代,当修辞和变化的现实可能不一致时,讽刺就会出现。我们表明,中国共产党(CCP)已经实施了我们称之为松耦合的变革——在这种变革中,象征意义和物质实践只有微弱的联系,并保持了它们的独立性。中国共产党采用反讽的修辞形式,即诡辩,将市场体系的变化合法化为渐进的,而在实践中则从根本上采用市场体系并拆除社会主义实践。我们通过考察诡辩的解释学深度,为机构信息传递的研究做出贡献。我们还通过解释诡辩如何调和矛盾的意识形态和促进松散耦合的变化,为组织变革的研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Relational Balance in the Workplace: Exploring the Moderating Role of Organizational Commitment 工作场所的关系平衡:探索组织承诺的调节作用
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221137579
Brian Manata
This paper uses a diverse organizational sample to test portions of Heider’s (1946, 1958) balance framework. First, a review of balance theory is provided, and then theoretical relationships between relational balance and organizational outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, unproductivity, and depressive symptoms) are explicated. Following this, the role of organizational commitment is also considered as a moderator of the aforementioned associations. In the main, the results of this investigation indicate that balance has a substantial, positive effect on job satisfaction. The results also indicate that balance combines non-additively with organizational commitment to impact results, such that the negative effects of balance on unproductivity and depressive symptoms are stronger when members are committed to their jobs. These findings point to the importance of considering the impact of relational patterns within organizations, as opposed to considering the impact of any one relationship in particular.
本文使用不同的组织样本来测试Heider(19461958)平衡框架的部分内容。首先,对平衡理论进行了综述,然后阐述了关系平衡与组织结果(即工作满意度、非生产性和抑郁症状)之间的理论关系。在此之后,组织承诺的作用也被视为上述协会的主持人。总的来说,这项调查的结果表明,平衡对工作满意度有着实质性的积极影响。研究结果还表明,平衡与组织对影响结果的承诺是非相加的,因此,当成员致力于工作时,平衡对非生产性和抑郁症状的负面影响更大。这些发现指出了考虑组织内关系模式的影响的重要性,而不是特别考虑任何一种关系的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Blue-Collar and Healthy Worker Identities: How Parallel Ideal Worker Identities Sustain Unobtrusive Control on the Shop-Floor 蓝领和健康的工人身份:平行的理想工人身份如何在车间维持非强制性控制
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221134116
E. P. James, Alaina C. Zanin, Zack J. Damon
This study examines employees at a metal fabrication plant and their experiences with a workplace wellness initiative, which included on-site CrossFit classes. Interviews with 16 workers and participant observation revealed d/Discourses that rationalized worker compliance and resistance to the wellness initiative. Through a discourse tracing analysis, the authors propose the novel concept of parallel ideal worker identities to describe how organizational d/Discourses (de)valued (a) blue-collar worker and (b) “healthy worker” identities. These d/Discourses created resistance to the wellness initiative because they made salient how the organization privileged the “healthy worker” identity over the traditionally constructed blue-collar worker identity through unobtrusive control.
这项研究调查了一家金属制造厂的员工及其在工作场所健康计划中的经历,其中包括现场的CrossFit课程。对16名员工的采访和参与者的观察揭示了d/话语,使员工对健康倡议的遵守和抵制合理化。通过话语追踪分析,作者提出了平行理想工人身份的新概念,以描述组织话语如何重视(a)蓝领工人和(b)“健康工人”身份。这些d/Discourses引起了对健康倡议的抵制,因为它们突出了该组织如何通过不引人注目的控制,将“健康工人”身份置于传统构建的蓝领工人身份之上。
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引用次数: 0
“If Something Were to Happen”: Communicative Practices of Resilience in the Management of Work-Life Precarity “如果发生了什么事”:弹性在工作-生活不稳定性管理中的交际实践
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221121323
A. Golden, J. Jorgenson
A substantial body of literature considers the experience of precarious work in market economies. Only recently, however, have scholars of work begun to consider the impact of precarity in the workplace on work-life interrelationships. This study contributes to that research and expands its focus beyond the form of precarity represented by job insecurity to other forms of precarity that inhere in the management of work-life interrelationships for working families in industrialized nations. Taking a communication as constitutive of work-life interrelationships perspective, we identify four forms of precarity in middle class working mothers’ accounts of work-life, and then examine how these forms are communicatively managed through classed and gendered discursive and material/technological practices of resilience. Using Weick’s organizational sensemaking model, in particular his notion of “partial inclusion,” we discuss the implications that individuals’ practices of resilience to manage work-life precarity have for the individual-organization relationship among middle class working mothers.
大量文献考虑了市场经济中不稳定工作的经历。然而,直到最近,工作学者才开始考虑工作场所的不稳定对工作与生活相互关系的影响。这项研究有助于这项研究,并将其重点从工作不安全所代表的不稳定形式扩展到工业化国家工薪家庭工作与生活相互关系管理中存在的其他形式的不稳定。从沟通作为工作与生活相互关系的组成部分的角度来看,我们确定了中产阶级职业母亲对工作生活的描述中的四种不稳定形式,然后研究了如何通过分类和性别话语以及弹性的物质/技术实践来沟通管理这些形式。使用Weick的组织感知模型,特别是他的“部分包容”概念,我们讨论了个人管理工作生活不稳定的韧性实践对中产阶级职业母亲之间的个人-组织关系的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Counter-Narratives Mobilized by Deprived Communities Through Theatre Interventions: Deconstructing and Reframing Master Narratives 被剥夺社区通过戏剧干预动员的反叙事:对主叙事的解构与重构
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221121345
Fabio Prado Saldanha, Marlei Pozzebon, C. Mailhot, David Le Puil
Mise au Jeu is a Quebec-based social intervention organization that has been putting on forum theatre – in the Augusto Boal tradition of the theatre of the oppressed – for over 20 years. We investigate how such a non-profit organization creates spaces where members of a deprived communities can elaborate counter-narratives to deconstruct dominant narratives, thereby helping them to make sense of situations of oppression they are living and to act to promote social change. By unpacking counter-narrative strategies and their enabling mechanisms, our study contributes to the narrative tradition in two principal ways. First, while extending Deetz’s work on dominant narratives, we enrich existing understanding of the disruptive power of counter-narratives in situations of social exclusion by bringing to bear the theatrical principles and techniques of Augusto Boal, a missing voice in extant narrative literature. Second, we propose a reflexive discussion related to the political conceptualization of counter-narratives.
“巴黎人”是魁北克的一个社会干预组织,20多年来一直在上演论坛戏剧,这是奥古斯托·波尔(Augusto Boal)被压迫者戏剧的传统。我们研究了这样一个非营利组织如何创造空间,让贫困社区的成员可以精心设计反叙事来解构主流叙事,从而帮助他们理解他们所生活的压迫情况,并采取行动促进社会变革。通过揭示反叙事策略及其实现机制,我们的研究主要从两个方面对叙事传统做出了贡献。首先,在扩展Deetz关于主导叙事的工作的同时,我们通过引入奥古斯托·波尔的戏剧原则和技巧,丰富了对社会排斥情况下反叙事的破坏性力量的现有理解,奥古斯托·波尔是现存叙事文学中缺失的声音。其次,我们提出了与反叙事的政治概念化相关的反思性讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Brazilian White-Collar Employees’ Discourses of Meaningful Work and Calling 巴西白领员工的有意义工作话语与呼唤
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221121309
Gustavo S. D. Barreto, Patrice M. Buzzanell, C. M. Cipolla
The search for meaningfulness in work is considered a human need, resulting in growing communication and interdisciplinary scholarship. However, most studies are quantitative and situated in Western, developed nations with different discourses and materialities based on whether studies focus on economically mainstream or marginal, but symbolically significant, occupations. Our study explores Brazilian white-collar employees' accounts of meaningful work. Three themes emerged from interview data: being competent, being an explorer, and being a builder of a better world. Participants cast meaningful work as tensional processes within and across themes, reflecting characteristics of Brazilian middle classes and globalized discourses. As participants aspired to meaningful work, they experienced dysfunctional and corrupt work cultures, toxic workplace relationships, and shifts in their worldviews that deflated their sense of meaningfulness, resulting in reported psychological distancing, emotional distress, and turnover intentions. We encourage organizational communication researchers to take up the 2009 MCQ call for further studies in Brazil.
在工作中寻找有意义的东西被认为是人类的需要,这导致了越来越多的交流和跨学科学术。然而,大多数研究都是定量的,并且位于西方发达国家,这些国家有不同的话语和材料,基于研究是关注经济主流还是边缘但具有象征意义的职业。我们的研究探讨了巴西白领员工对有意义工作的描述。从采访数据中可以看出三个主题:胜任、成为探险家和成为一个更美好世界的建设者。参与者将有意义的作品视为主题内部和主题之间的张力过程,反映了巴西中产阶级和全球化话语的特点。当参与者渴望有意义的工作时,他们经历了功能失调和腐败的工作文化、有毒的工作关系,以及世界观的转变,这些都削弱了他们的意义感,导致了心理距离、情绪困扰和离职意图。我们鼓励组织沟通研究人员接受2009年MCQ的号召,在巴西进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 4
Seedlings in the Corporate Forest: Communicating Benevolent Sexism in Dow Chemical’s First Internal Affirmative-Action Campaign 企业森林中的幼苗:在陶氏化学的第一次内部平权行动中传播善意的性别歧视
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221115748
Megan E. Cullinan, Kourtney Maison, Melissa M. Parks, Madison A. Krall, Emily Krebs, Benjamin W. Mann, Robin E. Jensen
Organizational affirmative-action programs have often failed to reach their goals, especially in the context of STEM professions and companies. Our study analyzes one of the first internal affirmative-action initiatives, Dow Chemical’s “Know More in ‘74” (KMi74) campaign, to explore discursive components that may play a role in this problem. An exploratory analysis of the campaign’s pamphlets revealed that KMi74 upheld a framework of benevolent sexism. In subsequent analysis, we found that KMi74 communicated benevolent sexism through appeals espousing: (a) vagueness via generalization and absurdity, (b) circularity via redundancy and buzzwords, and (c) disingenuity via bait and switch argumentation. We suggest, given the government’s public recognition of KMi74 as legislatively compliant, these appeals functioned historically as organizational scripts for inclusion initiatives in the years that followed, scripts that upheld (and continue to uphold) the law but not the changes in practice necessary for the achievement of meaningful inter-organizational opportunity and equity.
组织平权行动计划往往未能实现其目标,尤其是在STEM专业和公司的背景下。我们的研究分析了最早的内部平权行动之一,陶氏化学的“74年了解更多”(KMi74)运动,以探索可能在这个问题中发挥作用的话语成分。对该运动小册子的探索性分析表明,KMi74支持仁慈的性别歧视框架。在随后的分析中,我们发现KMi74通过支持以下内容的呼吁传达了善意的性别歧视:(a)通过概括和荒谬的模糊性,(b)通过冗余和流行语的循环性,以及(c)通过诱饵和切换论证的虚伪性。我们建议,鉴于政府公开承认KMi74在立法上是合规的,这些呼吁在历史上一直是随后几年包容性倡议的组织脚本,这些脚本支持(并继续支持)法律,但不是实现有意义的组织间机会和公平所需的实践变化。
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引用次数: 0
“Tearing the Fabric” or “Weaving the Tapestry”? A Discursive Resources Approach to Identity-Implicating Organizational Events "撕布"还是"织锦" ?身份暗示组织事件的话语资源研究
IF 2.5 4区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/08933189221111911
Mathew L. Sheep, Alexandra Rheinhardt, E. Hollensbe, Glen E. Kreiner
How do organizational members discursively construct large-scale organizational events that have identity implications? Whereas previous studies have focused primarily on collectively construed organizational identity threats and, to a lesser degree, identity opportunities, we move beyond past work to examine how individual members construct a single organizational event in divergent and more nuanced ways. Taking a discursive resources approach to members’ discourse in response to a watershed event in the Episcopal Church, we find that members engage in organizational identity work processes as a means of constructing an identity-implicating event. Through their identity work, which involves the construction of (in)coherence among an organization’s multiple identities, members construct an event as aligned with some organizational identities yet misaligned with others. Our study has implications for research on organizational identity and identity work, organizational events, and discursive resources.
组织成员如何话语建构具有身份暗示的大型组织事件?鉴于之前的研究主要关注集体解释的组织身份威胁,以及在较小程度上关注身份机会,我们超越了过去的工作,研究个体成员如何以不同和更细微的方式构建单个组织事件。采用话语资源方法来研究圣公会成员对一个分水岭事件的话语反应,我们发现成员参与组织身份工作过程是构建身份暗示事件的一种手段。通过他们的身份认同工作,包括在组织的多个身份之间构建一致性,成员构建一个与某些组织身份一致但与其他组织身份不一致的事件。本研究对组织认同与认同工作、组织事件和话语资源的研究具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Management Communication Quarterly
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