Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.010
Yu Zhao , Maoyu Gong , Ning Zhang
This paper investigates how the data factor of production (DFP) reshapes economic structure and productivity dynamics under environmental constraints. We propose a directional input distance function model within a meta-frontier framework to characterize DFP-embedded production technology. The model highlights the asymmetric relationship between DFPs and traditional inputs, specifying that while DFPs enhance productivity, they are not essential for generating positive output. Applying this parameterized model to a panel dataset of 285 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2022, we find a significant acceleration in productivity after the central government’s formal institutionalization of data as a factor of production. The direct contribution of DFPs accounts for approximately 40 % of this growth. A regional heterogeneity analysis reveals that while all regions share this common growth trend, their underlying drivers differ: the eastern region relies on technological innovation, whereas the central and western regions depend on efficiency catch-up. In addition, our estimates of substitution elasticities reveal the heterogeneous role of DFPs, which are found to be dependent on human capital (complementarity) while serving as a weak substitute for capital and energy. These findings underscore the critical role of digital infrastructure and targeted policies in facilitating the green economic transformation.
{"title":"The digital effects on structural change: data as a new driver of China’s economic growth","authors":"Yu Zhao , Maoyu Gong , Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates how the data factor of production (DFP) reshapes economic structure and productivity dynamics under environmental constraints. We propose a directional input distance function model within a meta-frontier framework to characterize DFP-embedded production technology. The model highlights the asymmetric relationship between DFPs and traditional inputs, specifying that while DFPs enhance productivity, they are not essential for generating positive output. Applying this parameterized model to a panel dataset of 285 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2022, we find a significant acceleration in productivity after the central government’s formal institutionalization of data as a factor of production. The direct contribution of DFPs accounts for approximately 40 % of this growth. A regional heterogeneity analysis reveals that while all regions share this common growth trend, their underlying drivers differ: the eastern region relies on technological innovation, whereas the central and western regions depend on efficiency catch-up. In addition, our estimates of substitution elasticities reveal the heterogeneous role of DFPs, which are found to be dependent on human capital (complementarity) while serving as a weak substitute for capital and energy. These findings underscore the critical role of digital infrastructure and targeted policies in facilitating the green economic transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 801-814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.002
Kaitong Yang , Jun Wu , Ling Li , Zhifu Mi , Junai Yang , Ling Tang
China’s household dynamics are shifting towards smaller household sizes and lower fertility rates, trends that significantly influence consumption patterns and carbon emissions. This study investigates the discrepancies in household consumption and carbon footprint among different household sizes and structures in China by utilizing an environmentally extended multiregional input‒output model and a China’s household consumption survey. The results reveal that the per capita household carbon footprint decreases with increasing household size. However, even within households of the same size, the per capita carbon footprint varies among different household structures, with households having fewer children typically generating lower emissions. We also found regional and urban‒rural disparities in the household carbon footprint, and these gaps narrow as household size expands. This paper underscores the importance of considering household size and structure when formulating policies aimed at mitigating climate change.
{"title":"Impact of household size and structure on carbon emissions in China","authors":"Kaitong Yang , Jun Wu , Ling Li , Zhifu Mi , Junai Yang , Ling Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China’s household dynamics are shifting towards smaller household sizes and lower fertility rates, trends that significantly influence consumption patterns and carbon emissions. This study investigates the discrepancies in household consumption and carbon footprint among different household sizes and structures in China by utilizing an environmentally extended multiregional input‒output model and a China’s household consumption survey. The results reveal that the per capita household carbon footprint decreases with increasing household size. However, even within households of the same size, the per capita carbon footprint varies among different household structures, with households having fewer children typically generating lower emissions. We also found regional and urban‒rural disparities in the household carbon footprint, and these gaps narrow as household size expands. This paper underscores the importance of considering household size and structure when formulating policies aimed at mitigating climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.07.006
R. Arbolino , R. Boffardi , L. De Simone , P. Di Caro
Despite geopolitical issues are becoming pervasive elements in economic decisions worldwide, current evidence is limited on the impact of geopolitical risks on the effectiveness of structural policies. This paper assembles new data on the Cohesion Policy and Next Generation funds to study the impact of geopolitical risks originating from China and the US on the effectiveness of structural policies in the European Union. The application of a heterogeneous modelling framework allows for the measurement of country-specific impact. Our results, which are robust to alternative specifications, suggest that a raise of geopolitical tensions from the US and China translates in a reduction of the effectiveness of the cohesion funds from -13 % to -30 %. The main negative impact is concentrated in export-oriented and in the Central and Eastern countries. We also document that a raise of geopolitical risks diminishes the expected returns of the NGEU funds. The policy implications of our study are finally discussed.
{"title":"Geopolitical risks and the effectiveness of the EU funds: Heterogeneity in country impact","authors":"R. Arbolino , R. Boffardi , L. De Simone , P. Di Caro","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite geopolitical issues are becoming pervasive elements in economic decisions worldwide, current evidence is limited on the impact of geopolitical risks on the effectiveness of structural policies. This paper assembles new data on the Cohesion Policy and Next Generation funds to study the impact of geopolitical risks originating from China and the US on the effectiveness of structural policies in the European Union. The application of a heterogeneous modelling framework allows for the measurement of country-specific impact. Our results, which are robust to alternative specifications, suggest that a raise of geopolitical tensions from the US and China translates in a reduction of the effectiveness of the cohesion funds from -13 % to -30 %. The main negative impact is concentrated in export-oriented and in the Central and Eastern countries. We also document that a raise of geopolitical risks diminishes the expected returns of the NGEU funds. The policy implications of our study are finally discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.009
Wolfgang Schwarzbauer , Virág Bittó , Philipp Koch , Jonathan Steininger
Global value chains (GVCs) play a crucial role in international trade. High value-added activities tend to cluster at the start and the end of GVCs, resulting in a U-shaped relationship across production steps known as the “smile curve”. The distribution of CO emissions along the value chain, however, is relatively unexplored. Here, we map embodied CO emissions to test whether emissions are distributed differently across production stages than value–added. We find that activities with high emission intensities cluster at early stages, while late stages exhibit lower emission intensities. This results in a downward-sloping CO emissions curve with tentative evidence of a frown-curve pattern. Also, we find that the prevalence of a U-shaped pattern in the distribution of value-added across production stages declined significantly since 1995. We explore several examples and provide an interactive tool to explore the mapping of value-added and emissions across more than 1,000 GVCs of industrial goods.
{"title":"Mapping CO2 emissions in Global Value Chains: Does a value-added smile curve imply an emissions frown curve?","authors":"Wolfgang Schwarzbauer , Virág Bittó , Philipp Koch , Jonathan Steininger","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global value chains (GVCs) play a crucial role in international trade. High value-added activities tend to cluster at the start and the end of GVCs, resulting in a U-shaped relationship across production steps known as the “smile curve”. The distribution of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions along the value chain, however, is relatively unexplored. Here, we map embodied CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions to test whether emissions are distributed differently across production stages than value–added. We find that activities with high emission intensities cluster at early stages, while late stages exhibit lower emission intensities. This results in a downward-sloping CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions curve with tentative evidence of a frown-curve pattern. Also, we find that the prevalence of a U-shaped pattern in the distribution of value-added across production stages declined significantly since 1995. We explore several examples and provide an interactive tool to explore the mapping of value-added and emissions across more than 1,000 GVCs of industrial goods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 332-348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.002
Sin-Som (Sergio) Tsiong, Hongsong Liu
Globalization has closely interconnected the production systems of various countries, and gaining a superiority in the Global Value Chain (GVC) has become a strategic imperative for many countries. Warrant attention, the service-based economy has been playing a pivotal role in optimizing and upgrading the GVC. Consequently, based on a sample that consists of 77 countries from 1995 to 2020, this article investigates the promoting effect of productive service intermediate input (PSII) on GVC participation. The findings are consistent with our expectations and are supported by a series of robustness checks and endogeneity handling. Heterogeneity analyses provide partial support for a geographic pattern linking PSII to GVC participation. Mediation analyses confirm that PSII enhances GVC participation through manufacturing servitization, financing constraint alleviation, and efficiency improvements. Finally, moderation analysis indicates that PSII exhibits a “substitution” effect vis-à-vis innovation capacity, implying a more feasible pathway for less developed countries to industrial upgrading.
{"title":"Is productive service intermediate input a good instrument for enhancing the Global Value Chain participation?","authors":"Sin-Som (Sergio) Tsiong, Hongsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globalization has closely interconnected the production systems of various countries, and gaining a superiority in the Global Value Chain (GVC) has become a strategic imperative for many countries. Warrant attention, the service-based economy has been playing a pivotal role in optimizing and upgrading the GVC. Consequently, based on a sample that consists of 77 countries from 1995 to 2020, this article investigates the promoting effect of productive service intermediate input (PSII) on GVC participation. The findings are consistent with our expectations and are supported by a series of robustness checks and endogeneity handling. Heterogeneity analyses provide partial support for a geographic pattern linking PSII to GVC participation. Mediation analyses confirm that PSII enhances GVC participation through manufacturing servitization, financing constraint alleviation, and efficiency improvements. Finally, moderation analysis indicates that PSII exhibits a “substitution” effect vis-à-vis innovation capacity, implying a more feasible pathway for less developed countries to industrial upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 638-653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.012
Zhi Wang , Shang-Jin Wei , Kunfu Zhu
Measuring country origins of factor content in bilateral or sector-level exports is important for understanding the evolution of regional and global value chains and the roles of individual country-sectors in these chains. This paper proposes a method to distinguish between measures based on backward and forward linkages and between net and gross factor content. The framework is consistent with the System of National Account Standard and satisfies the adding-up property. In comparison, these properties do not hold for the factor content measure proposed by Los et al. (2016). A number of examples involving disaggregated trade are presented to show when the two methods diverge.
{"title":"Measuring domestic factor content in bilateral or sectoral-level trade flows","authors":"Zhi Wang , Shang-Jin Wei , Kunfu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring country origins of factor content in bilateral or sector-level exports is important for understanding the evolution of regional and global value chains and the roles of individual country-sectors in these chains. This paper proposes a method to distinguish between measures based on backward and forward linkages and between net and gross factor content. The framework is consistent with the System of National Account Standard and satisfies the adding-up property. In comparison, these properties do not hold for the factor content measure proposed by Los et al. (2016). A number of examples involving disaggregated trade are presented to show when the two methods diverge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.014
Mattia Pettena , Marco Raberto
The energy transition involves structural changes in the economy. Green utilities increase their investments, while brown utilities and fossil fuel producers shrink. These developments affect supply chains in expansionary and contractionary ways, respectively, and generate multiplier and accelerator effects.
We develop a Stock-Flow Consistent Input–Output macroeconomic model of the world economy to analyze these dynamics. It includes a production network comprising 27 industries, differentiating between key mining, manufacturing, service, and both green and brown electricity sectors. It is the first model of its kind to have each industry invest in distinct capital goods based on sector- and asset-specific requirements. All parameters related to production technologies capture real relationships and are derived from real-world data.
We have simulated three energy transition pathways envisioned by the International Energy Agency (IEA) by empirically implementing two parallel processes: (i) the increasing share of electricity generated by green utilities and (ii) the electrification of production techniques and household consumption.
The resulting dynamics yield several key insights. The net effect of the above-mentioned expansionary and contractionary forces is to boost GDP growth and entails a high investment share. The relative importance of industries supplying machinery and metals increases. Technological changes stemming from the transition yield mildly deflationary effects. Nevertheless, inflation increases because of rising wage rates. Electricity is the only product whose price decreases with the transition. The only scenario capable of achieving a decline in emissions is the one entailing the strongest transition effort. Finally, electricity production is much higher than projections by the IEA.
{"title":"Energy transition and structural change: A calibrated Stock-Flow Consistent Input–Output model","authors":"Mattia Pettena , Marco Raberto","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy transition involves structural changes in the economy. Green utilities increase their investments, while brown utilities and fossil fuel producers shrink. These developments affect supply chains in expansionary and contractionary ways, respectively, and generate multiplier and accelerator effects.</div><div>We develop a Stock-Flow Consistent Input–Output macroeconomic model of the world economy to analyze these dynamics. It includes a production network comprising 27 industries, differentiating between key mining, manufacturing, service, and both green and brown electricity sectors. It is the first model of its kind to have each industry invest in distinct capital goods based on sector- and asset-specific requirements. All parameters related to production technologies capture real relationships and are derived from real-world data.</div><div>We have simulated three energy transition pathways envisioned by the International Energy Agency (IEA) by empirically implementing two parallel processes: (i) the increasing share of electricity generated by green utilities and (ii) the electrification of production techniques and household consumption.</div><div>The resulting dynamics yield several key insights. The net effect of the above-mentioned expansionary and contractionary forces is to boost GDP growth and entails a high investment share. The relative importance of industries supplying machinery and metals increases. Technological changes stemming from the transition yield mildly deflationary effects. Nevertheless, inflation increases because of rising wage rates. Electricity is the only product whose price decreases with the transition. The only scenario capable of achieving a decline in emissions is the one entailing the strongest transition effort. Finally, electricity production is much higher than projections by the IEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 949-995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.009
Filippo Belloc, Salvatore Bimonte
We propose a simple framework for modeling abatement decisions by regulated polluters in a carbon pricing regime, when firms can reduce emissions both by controlling product output and by adopting new environmental technologies incrementally. Previous literature only focuses on output control with all-or-nothing innovation, thereby overlooking the strategic decision of the optimal amount of innovation that must be adopted to minimize abatement costs. In this paper, we allow for regulated firms nesting incremental innovation steps into the abatement process. We show that, in equilibrium, for the firm it is optimal to mix innovation and output control, abating more by means of the strategy that is more cost effective. Since the marginal cost of abating via output control increases with technological deepening, over time firms deal with carbon pricing by abating disproportionately more by means of innovation. Increased carbon pricing may amplify this pattern, thereby widening technological asymmetries between firms and countries. Econometric analysis on a large sample of firms under the EU-ETS provides empirical evidence consistent with the main implications of the model.
{"title":"Environmental regulation and pollution abatement under incremental innovation","authors":"Filippo Belloc, Salvatore Bimonte","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a simple framework for modeling abatement decisions by regulated polluters in a carbon pricing regime, when firms can reduce emissions both by controlling product output and by adopting new environmental technologies incrementally. Previous literature only focuses on output control with all-or-nothing innovation, thereby overlooking the strategic decision of the optimal amount of innovation that must be adopted to minimize abatement costs. In this paper, we allow for regulated firms nesting incremental innovation steps into the abatement process. We show that, in equilibrium, for the firm it is optimal to mix innovation and output control, abating more by means of the strategy that is more cost effective. Since the marginal cost of abating via output control increases with technological deepening, over time firms deal with carbon pricing by abating disproportionately more by means of innovation. Increased carbon pricing may amplify this pattern, thereby widening technological asymmetries between firms and countries. Econometric analysis on a large sample of firms under the EU-ETS provides empirical evidence consistent with the main implications of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.017
Muhammet Deveci , Mehtap Isik , Arunodaya Raj Mishra , Pratibha Rani , Ilgin Gokasar , Zhe Liu
This study examines the impacts of the bioeconomy transition from a multidimensional perspective. As a growing response to sustainability challenges, the bioeconomy is driving dynamic structural changes in both the economy and society. This transition holds significant potential for job creation, integration with circular economic systems, and the revitalization of rural areas. Given that the transformative effects of emerging bioeconomic practices vary in scale and scope, their evaluation in the context of bioeconomic growth is essential for analyzing their efficiency and feasibility. The evaluation process should have a multidimensional approach, addressing technical and social factors, economic considerations, environmental expectations, and regulatory constraints. Taking complex nature of assessment problem into account, this study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making analysis (MCDA) framework to formulate evaluation of different alternatives under uncertain constraints setting. A hybrid combination of three different MCDA methods and new divergence measure for picture fuzzy sets are developed to estimate objective weights of criteria in assessing the trends concerning their multidimensional impacts. The framework is applied to the case of Türkiye, a country with substantial bioeconomic growth potential. A structured survey is conducted to assess current bioeconomy trends. Three biotechnological alternatives are evaluated against fourteen criteria, categorized into four dimensions: technological, economic, environmental, and social. The findings indicate that the use of biotechnology for enzyme production receives the highest prioritization across these dimensions, highlighting its strategic importance in advancing bioeconomic growth. While the case study of Türkiye demonstrates the model’s implementation and effectiveness, the analysis is further extended to offer policy recommendations—such as establishing a robust institutional framework that enhances local governance capacities.
{"title":"Evaluation of bioeconomic practices within structural changes using picture fuzzy decision-making model","authors":"Muhammet Deveci , Mehtap Isik , Arunodaya Raj Mishra , Pratibha Rani , Ilgin Gokasar , Zhe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impacts of the bioeconomy transition from a multidimensional perspective. As a growing response to sustainability challenges, the bioeconomy is driving dynamic structural changes in both the economy and society. This transition holds significant potential for job creation, integration with circular economic systems, and the revitalization of rural areas. Given that the transformative effects of emerging bioeconomic practices vary in scale and scope, their evaluation in the context of bioeconomic growth is essential for analyzing their efficiency and feasibility. The evaluation process should have a multidimensional approach, addressing technical and social factors, economic considerations, environmental expectations, and regulatory constraints. Taking complex nature of assessment problem into account, this study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making analysis (MCDA) framework to formulate evaluation of different alternatives under uncertain constraints setting. A hybrid combination of three different MCDA methods and new divergence measure for picture fuzzy sets are developed to estimate objective weights of criteria in assessing the trends concerning their multidimensional impacts. The framework is applied to the case of Türkiye, a country with substantial bioeconomic growth potential. A structured survey is conducted to assess current bioeconomy trends. Three biotechnological alternatives are evaluated against fourteen criteria, categorized into four dimensions: technological, economic, environmental, and social. The findings indicate that the use of biotechnology for enzyme production receives the highest prioritization across these dimensions, highlighting its strategic importance in advancing bioeconomic growth. While the case study of Türkiye demonstrates the model’s implementation and effectiveness, the analysis is further extended to offer policy recommendations—such as establishing a robust institutional framework that enhances local governance capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 369-390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.005
Alessandro Bellocchi , Francesco Saraceno , Giuseppe Travaglini
This paper examines the determinants of the productivity–wage gap in the European Union between 2002 and 2018, with a focus on the role of the labor share. Drawing on a nested CES production framework and industry-level data for 17 EU countries, we find that higher tangible capital intensity, particularly in non-ICT assets, together with capital-biased technological progress, have reduced the labor share of low- and medium-skilled workers. Institutional changes, including weaker collective bargaining coverage, the erosion of employment protection and the rising use of temporary contracts, have further accelerated this decline. Our results reveal marked heterogeneity across asset types, industries and skill groups, highlighting the need for targeted policies to mitigate the distributional consequences of capital deepening and technological change.
{"title":"Closing the productivity–wage gap in the European Union: The role of the labor share","authors":"Alessandro Bellocchi , Francesco Saraceno , Giuseppe Travaglini","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the determinants of the productivity–wage gap in the European Union between 2002 and 2018, with a focus on the role of the labor share. Drawing on a nested CES production framework and industry-level data for 17 EU countries, we find that higher tangible capital intensity, particularly in non-ICT assets, together with capital-biased technological progress, have reduced the labor share of low- and medium-skilled workers. Institutional changes, including weaker collective bargaining coverage, the erosion of employment protection and the rising use of temporary contracts, have further accelerated this decline. Our results reveal marked heterogeneity across asset types, industries and skill groups, highlighting the need for targeted policies to mitigate the distributional consequences of capital deepening and technological change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Pages 689-702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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