Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1177/0032329220985723
Dorothee Bohle, Aidan Regan
This article argues that the quiet politics of informal business-state interaction explains the political determinants of growth regimes. Building on the business power literature within the study of comparative capitalism, it shows that the noisy politics of elections often leads to changes of government but rarely to fundamental changes in the growth regime. Rather, growth models can be traced to the interactions and interests of dominant corporations within a country and its policymaking elites. The argument is developed through a comparative case study research design, using the case of foreign direct investment–led (FDI-led) growth in Ireland and Hungary. FDI-led growth regimes are a universe of cases that rely on state-led industrial and enterprise policies targeting the capital investment of foreign-owned multinational firms. Despite periods of noisy electoral politics challenging basic tenets of the FDI-led growth model in both Hungary and Ireland, the continuity of FDI-oriented growth is traced to the corporate politics of business-state elite deals.
{"title":"The Comparative Political Economy of Growth Models: Explaining the Continuity of FDI-Led Growth in Ireland and Hungary*","authors":"Dorothee Bohle, Aidan Regan","doi":"10.1177/0032329220985723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329220985723","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the quiet politics of informal business-state interaction explains the political determinants of growth regimes. Building on the business power literature within the study of comparative capitalism, it shows that the noisy politics of elections often leads to changes of government but rarely to fundamental changes in the growth regime. Rather, growth models can be traced to the interactions and interests of dominant corporations within a country and its policymaking elites. The argument is developed through a comparative case study research design, using the case of foreign direct investment–led (FDI-led) growth in Ireland and Hungary. FDI-led growth regimes are a universe of cases that rely on state-led industrial and enterprise policies targeting the capital investment of foreign-owned multinational firms. Despite periods of noisy electoral politics challenging basic tenets of the FDI-led growth model in both Hungary and Ireland, the continuity of FDI-oriented growth is traced to the corporate politics of business-state elite deals.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0032329220985723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42781982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1177/0032329220985725
Pepper D. Culpepper
This article comments on a special issue of Politics & Society that examines “quiet politics” and the power of business in an era of “noisy politics.” The scholarship brought together in the issue shows that the world of business has indeed changed in the decade since Quiet Politics and Business Power was published, but also that quiet politics as a mode of low-salience interest advocacy seems alive and well. Building on this research, the article analyzes the different ways in which the rise of populist, noisy politics challenges business, how it challenges scholars studying business power, and how it challenges the functioning of the central feedback mechanism connecting political elites to mass publics in democracies—the media.
{"title":"Quiet Politics in Tumultuous Times: Business Power, Populism, and Democracy*","authors":"Pepper D. Culpepper","doi":"10.1177/0032329220985725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329220985725","url":null,"abstract":"This article comments on a special issue of Politics & Society that examines “quiet politics” and the power of business in an era of “noisy politics.” The scholarship brought together in the issue shows that the world of business has indeed changed in the decade since Quiet Politics and Business Power was published, but also that quiet politics as a mode of low-salience interest advocacy seems alive and well. Building on this research, the article analyzes the different ways in which the rise of populist, noisy politics challenges business, how it challenges scholars studying business power, and how it challenges the functioning of the central feedback mechanism connecting political elites to mass publics in democracies—the media.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0032329220985725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-06DOI: 10.1177/0032329220987084
T. Ghilarducci
Pensions and social insurance—key parts of the welfare state—redistribute income and wealth across class by providing, or not providing, practical and legitimate access to basic income without requiring work for pay. Mistaken attention to generational equity and austerity economics creates a set of beliefs that older people should work more, forming what the article calls an emerging “Working Longer Consensus,” which is supported by three false doctrines. Using OECD data and secondary sources, the article counters each false doctrine by showing that healthy longevity gains are not distributed equally; there is no demonstrated trade-off between public spending for the elderly and children; and a greater supply of elder labor does not necessarily mean economic prosperity. The Working Longer Consensus, like the Washington Consensus, promises that pension austerity will yield economic prosperity.
{"title":"Making Old People Work: Three False Assumptions Supporting the “Working Longer Consensus”","authors":"T. Ghilarducci","doi":"10.1177/0032329220987084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329220987084","url":null,"abstract":"Pensions and social insurance—key parts of the welfare state—redistribute income and wealth across class by providing, or not providing, practical and legitimate access to basic income without requiring work for pay. Mistaken attention to generational equity and austerity economics creates a set of beliefs that older people should work more, forming what the article calls an emerging “Working Longer Consensus,” which is supported by three false doctrines. Using OECD data and secondary sources, the article counters each false doctrine by showing that healthy longevity gains are not distributed equally; there is no demonstrated trade-off between public spending for the elderly and children; and a greater supply of elder labor does not necessarily mean economic prosperity. The Working Longer Consensus, like the Washington Consensus, promises that pension austerity will yield economic prosperity.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0032329220987084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1177/0032329221989150
Abel Bojar, Tim Vlandas
What is the relationship between electoral and economic performance? Previous literature posits that poor economic performance hurts the incumbent at the ballot box because overall economic performance serves as a competence signal, which voters can readily access at low costs. Building on an emerging economic voting literature exploring heterogeneity in the electorate, this article argues that social groups are affected differently by various dimensions of economic performance and that their sociotropic sanctioning of incumbents is contingent on the retrospective performance of these dimensions. It theorizes how four social groups—low-skilled workers, pensioners, public sector employees, and high-income individuals—are differently affected by each of four economic dimensions: unemployment, inflation, stock market performance, and public spending; as a result, they penalize the incumbent to varying extents. Results from a multilevel logistic regression analysis from four modules of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems containing around seventy electoral contexts are consistent with the argument.
{"title":"Group-Specific Responses to Retrospective Economic Performance: A Multilevel Analysis of Parliamentary Elections","authors":"Abel Bojar, Tim Vlandas","doi":"10.1177/0032329221989150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329221989150","url":null,"abstract":"What is the relationship between electoral and economic performance? Previous literature posits that poor economic performance hurts the incumbent at the ballot box because overall economic performance serves as a competence signal, which voters can readily access at low costs. Building on an emerging economic voting literature exploring heterogeneity in the electorate, this article argues that social groups are affected differently by various dimensions of economic performance and that their sociotropic sanctioning of incumbents is contingent on the retrospective performance of these dimensions. It theorizes how four social groups—low-skilled workers, pensioners, public sector employees, and high-income individuals—are differently affected by each of four economic dimensions: unemployment, inflation, stock market performance, and public spending; as a result, they penalize the incumbent to varying extents. Results from a multilevel logistic regression analysis from four modules of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems containing around seventy electoral contexts are consistent with the argument.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0032329221989150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41778792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to deny the theoretical validity of the concept of neopatrimonialism, formulated bySimon Schwartzman, in order to understand the dilemmas of political exclusion in contemporary Brazil, since the concept is based on an apologetic reading of Max Weber’s diagnosis about the West. From the bibliographical analysis, we argue that the concept of neopatrimonialism is stuck to an empirical and theoretically unsustainable vision of political modernity, which idealizes the democratic and constitutional basis of modern political power and ignores its autocratic dimension and non-constitutional. Next, we present as a theoretical alternative the political sociology of Niklas Luhmann, for it describes modern politics as divided in the circuits of formal and constitutional power, and informal and non-constitutional. In this way, we can analyze the processes of political exclusion in the center and in the periphery without the presence ofidealizations about the central countries.
{"title":"Neopatrimonialismo, diferenciação funcional e a relação centro-periferia revisitada","authors":"Marcos Abraão Fernandes Ribeiro, Roberto Dutra Torres Junior","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E66958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E66958","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to deny the theoretical validity of the concept of neopatrimonialism, formulated bySimon Schwartzman, in order to understand the dilemmas of political exclusion in contemporary Brazil, since the concept is based on an apologetic reading of Max Weber’s diagnosis about the West. From the bibliographical analysis, we argue that the concept of neopatrimonialism is stuck to an empirical and theoretically unsustainable vision of political modernity, which idealizes the democratic and constitutional basis of modern political power and ignores its autocratic dimension and non-constitutional. Next, we present as a theoretical alternative the political sociology of Niklas Luhmann, for it describes modern politics as divided in the circuits of formal and constitutional power, and informal and non-constitutional. In this way, we can analyze the processes of political exclusion in the center and in the periphery without the presence ofidealizations about the central countries.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75264
Fernanda Martinhago
The present article presents data that portray the confinement in France during the Covid-19 epidemic, precisely, for the children and youth public. The aim of this study was to provide some elements that make it possible to advance in the understanding of how children and adolescents experienced the experience of confinement in France. The methodology chosen for the development of the research was virtual ethnography. Through the materials published in the French newspapers and on the website of radio France Culture it was possible to have contact with the experiences lived by the families in the confinement. These publications provided subsidies to understand that keeping children and adolescents confined only in the family space, that is, deprived of the unfamiliar place (schools, parks, streets), implies the subjective process as the constitution of a subject, whose progress becomes impossible to happen without moving between these two places.
{"title":"O confinamento do outro lado do oceano: a experiência de crianças e adolescentes durante a epidemia da Covid-19 na França","authors":"Fernanda Martinhago","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75264","url":null,"abstract":"The present article presents data that portray the confinement in France during the Covid-19 epidemic, precisely, for the children and youth public. The aim of this study was to provide some elements that make it possible to advance in the understanding of how children and adolescents experienced the experience of confinement in France. The methodology chosen for the development of the research was virtual ethnography. Through the materials published in the French newspapers and on the website of radio France Culture it was possible to have contact with the experiences lived by the families in the confinement. These publications provided subsidies to understand that keeping children and adolescents confined only in the family space, that is, deprived of the unfamiliar place (schools, parks, streets), implies the subjective process as the constitution of a subject, whose progress becomes impossible to happen without moving between these two places.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75325
Mauricio Bedoya-Hernández, Pablo Andrés De Francisco-León, Lina Juliedt Mesa Osorio
This paper provides an account of a study whose aim was to know the psychoscientific strategies associated with the production of subjectivity in neoliberalism. The authors used a historicalcritical approach based on the foucauldian studies. Results: (1) the medicalization of life has beena government strategy; (2) the medicalization of childhood -also a government strategy- has gone through three stages, each of which has produced a specific form of subjectivity; (3) three reason for the medicalization of childhood have been found, and (4), psychoscience and bioscience are the discourses that have directed this medicalization. The authors conclude that neoliberalismhas used this medicalization strategy, which was created by the psy sciences, to expand the commodification of life and configure the self-managed subjectivity of the entrepreneur.
{"title":"La medicalización de la infancia como estrategia de gobierno","authors":"Mauricio Bedoya-Hernández, Pablo Andrés De Francisco-León, Lina Juliedt Mesa Osorio","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75325","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an account of a study whose aim was to know the psychoscientific strategies associated with the production of subjectivity in neoliberalism. The authors used a historicalcritical approach based on the foucauldian studies. Results: (1) the medicalization of life has beena government strategy; (2) the medicalization of childhood -also a government strategy- has gone through three stages, each of which has produced a specific form of subjectivity; (3) three reason for the medicalization of childhood have been found, and (4), psychoscience and bioscience are the discourses that have directed this medicalization. The authors conclude that neoliberalismhas used this medicalization strategy, which was created by the psy sciences, to expand the commodification of life and configure the self-managed subjectivity of the entrepreneur.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44698927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E66962
Antonio Teixeira de Barros
This article analyzes parliamentary discourses on the Brazilian Amazon (2000-2017). The purpose is to examine how the topic was dealt with in the legislative arena, under which perspectives and what arguments are put forward by the deputies. The corpus comprises 2,778 statements,which were categorized into 25 themes, with the aid of NVivo software. The main conclusions show that the value of land as an input for agricultural and livestock production is the predominant argument in the debates, disregarding the international discourse on forestry. The debate isdriven by the agenda of the Executive Branch, especially on the following issues: deforestation, climate, land regularization, preservation areas and indigenous lands. The dominant parliamentary discourse reinforces the anti-ecology thesis of the National Congress, with a clear alignment with the liberal environmental perspective focused on the defense of agribusiness.
{"title":"Discursos parlamentares sobre a Amazônia: sobre o que falam os deputados brasileiros","authors":"Antonio Teixeira de Barros","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E66962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E66962","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes parliamentary discourses on the Brazilian Amazon (2000-2017). The purpose is to examine how the topic was dealt with in the legislative arena, under which perspectives and what arguments are put forward by the deputies. The corpus comprises 2,778 statements,which were categorized into 25 themes, with the aid of NVivo software. The main conclusions show that the value of land as an input for agricultural and livestock production is the predominant argument in the debates, disregarding the international discourse on forestry. The debate isdriven by the agenda of the Executive Branch, especially on the following issues: deforestation, climate, land regularization, preservation areas and indigenous lands. The dominant parliamentary discourse reinforces the anti-ecology thesis of the National Congress, with a clear alignment with the liberal environmental perspective focused on the defense of agribusiness.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46817776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79141
Sandra Caponi, Leandro de Lajonquière, Fernanda Martinhago
{"title":"Apresentação: (Psico)pedagogização e medicalização: A disseminação dos saberes expertos no domínio da infância","authors":"Sandra Caponi, Leandro de Lajonquière, Fernanda Martinhago","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E79141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75147
F. Brzozowski
In this article, I ponder the ways the “disease-centered model” of drug action in Psychiatry, proposed by Joanna Moncrieff, may influence the use of drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalina®) for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Many diagnoses in child mental health are identified at school, for instance ADHD. ADHD is frequently explained as being the result of a brain unbalance, and methylphenidate would be a specific treatment to correct this unbalance. This kind of explanation characterizes the “disease-centered model” of drug action in Psychiatry. We argue that this model amplifies the medicalization of childhood and learning at school, making common the use of drugs to “correct” behaviors and increase academic performance.
{"title":"A influência do “modelo centrado na doença” no uso de medicamentos para problemas de aprendizagem na escola","authors":"F. Brzozowski","doi":"10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2020.E75147","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I ponder the ways the “disease-centered model” of drug action in Psychiatry, proposed by Joanna Moncrieff, may influence the use of drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalina®) for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Many diagnoses in child mental health are identified at school, for instance ADHD. ADHD is frequently explained as being the result of a brain unbalance, and methylphenidate would be a specific treatment to correct this unbalance. This kind of explanation characterizes the “disease-centered model” of drug action in Psychiatry. We argue that this model amplifies the medicalization of childhood and learning at school, making common the use of drugs to “correct” behaviors and increase academic performance.","PeriodicalId":47847,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44058808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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